T. Tilford, K.I. Sinclair, C. Bailey, M.P.Y. Desmulliez, G. Goussettis, A.K. Parrott and A.J. Sangster
This paper aims to present an open‐ended microwave curing system for microelectronics components and a numerical analysis framework for virtual testing and prototyping of the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present an open‐ended microwave curing system for microelectronics components and a numerical analysis framework for virtual testing and prototyping of the system, enabling design of physical prototypes to be optimized, expediting the development process.
Design/methodology/approach
An open‐ended microwave oven system able to enhance the cure process for thermosetting polymer materials utilised in microelectronics applications is presented. The system is designed to be mounted on a precision placement machine enabling curing of individual components on a circuit board. The design of the system allows the heating pattern and heating rate to be carefully controlled optimising cure rate and cure quality. A multi‐physics analysis approach has been adopted to form a numerical model capable of capturing the complex coupling that exists between physical processes. Electromagnetic analysis has been performed using a Yee finite‐difference time‐domain scheme, while an unstructured finite volume method has been utilized to perform thermophysical analysis. The two solvers are coupled using a sampling‐based cross‐mapping algorithm.
Findings
The numerical results obtained demonstrate that the numerical model is able to obtain solutions for distribution of temperature, rate of cure, degree of cure and thermally induced stresses within an idealised polymer load heated by the proposed microwave system.
Research limitations/implications
The work is limited by the absence of experimentally derived material property data and comparative experimental results. However, the model demonstrates that the proposed microwave system would seem to be a feasible method of expediting the cure rate of polymer materials.
Originality/value
The findings of this paper will help to provide an understanding of the behaviour of thermosetting polymer materials during microwave cure processing.
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David Bawden, Clive Holtham and Nigel Courtney
Information overload is by no means a new concept, but has come to prominence during the last decade. This paper reviews the nature and causes of overload, and considers possible…
Abstract
Information overload is by no means a new concept, but has come to prominence during the last decade. This paper reviews the nature and causes of overload, and considers possible solutions, both organisational and technical, and its relevance to the information professional.
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Stoyan Stoyanov, Tim Tilford, Farid Amalou, Scott Cargill, Chris Bailey and Marc Desmulliez
Nano‐imprint forming (NIF) is a manufacturing technology capable of achieving high resolution, low‐cost and high‐throughput fabrication of fine nano‐scale structures and patterns…
Abstract
Purpose
Nano‐imprint forming (NIF) is a manufacturing technology capable of achieving high resolution, low‐cost and high‐throughput fabrication of fine nano‐scale structures and patterns. The purpose of this paper is to use modelling technologies to simulate key process steps associated with the formation of patterns with sub‐micrometer dimensions and use the results to define design rules for optimal imprint forming process.
Design/methodology/approach
The effect of a number of process and pattern‐related parameters on the quality of the fabricated nano‐structures is studied using non‐linear finite element analysis. The deformation process of the formable material during the mould pressing step is modelled using contact analysis with large deformations and temperature dependent hyperelastic material behaviour. Finite element analysis with contact interfaces between the mould and the formable material is utilised to study the formation of mechanical, thermal and friction stresses in the pattern.
Findings
The imprint pressure, temperature and the aspect ratio of grooves which define the pattern have significant effect on the quality of the formed structures. The optimal imprint pressure for the studied PMMA is identified. It is found that the degree of the mould pattern fulfilment as function of the imprint pressure is non‐linear. Critical values for thermal mismatch difference in the CTE between the mould and the substrate causing thermally induced stresses during cooling stage are evaluated. Regions of high stresses in the pattern are also identified.
Originality/value
Design rules for minimising the risk of defects such as cracks and shape imperfections commonly observed in NIF‐fabricated nano‐structures are presented. The modelling approach can be used to provide insights into the optimal imprint process control. This can help to establish further the technology as a viable route for fabrication of nano‐scale structures and patterns.
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The purpose of this paper is to chart the history of personal social services for children and families in the UK and examine the factors that have influenced it. Special…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to chart the history of personal social services for children and families in the UK and examine the factors that have influenced it. Special attention is given to changing perceptions of rights, the impact of scandals and the contribution of child development research.
Design/methodology/approach
Analysis of historical documents and research reports using four methods: a timeline of milestones, demarcation of distinct developmental periods, trends in policy and practice and comparisons of children’s needs and experiences at different times.
Findings
The evolution of services has not been linear. In policy, there have been reform and retrenchment, amalgamation and differentiation. Practice has been shaped by the emergence of new problems and the disappearance of old ones as well as by legislation, extreme events, research and finance, all occurring in specific political, moral and economic contexts.
Originality/value
An analysis of developments in children’s services in their political, economic, moral and research contexts.
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Deb Hearle, Val Rees and Jane Prince
The significant increase in the number of older adults in the UK population is expected to continue. Physical and psychological problems associated with ageing often require older…
Abstract
Purpose
The significant increase in the number of older adults in the UK population is expected to continue. Physical and psychological problems associated with ageing often require older adults to move into residential care where opportunities to participate in previously enjoyed occupations may be limited. Engagement in self‐selected purposeful activities is positively related to physical and psychological well‐being. This paper aims to focus on some of these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
An ethnographic approach, a single case study of one care home in a semi‐rural area of Wales was designed to investigate the balance of occupation of residents. Occupations were observed and recorded using a time‐sampling frame over 12 hours on three consecutive days. Field notes were used to contextualise the data in reflecting the home environment.
Findings
The majority spent their time in the lounges and remained passive, interacting infrequently with staff and one another. Little opportunity or intervention has been afforded to residents to encourage or support participation in occupation.
Research limitations/implications
A single case study may not be representative of the experiences of residents in other care homes. Time limited observation over different locations may miss activities. Future research could extend the scope of the study.
Practical implications
Older adults in residential care should be supported to engage in occupations. Employment of occupational therapists could allow support to be individually and appropriately focussed. There are implications for health and social care course design and also for the training of care workers.
Originality/value
The paper illustrates observation of activities in a care home over an extended period.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the life and work, both fiction and nonfiction, of the American author Upton Sinclair, for the purposes of better understanding his impact…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the life and work, both fiction and nonfiction, of the American author Upton Sinclair, for the purposes of better understanding his impact on management theory and practice.
Design/methodology/approach
Critical biography is a historiographical approach that analyzes aspects of an individual’s life events and the context that surrounds those events to better understand the contributions of an individual. In this case, this paper analyzes Sinclair’s biography, his work-related fiction and nonfiction and his interactions with business leaders and management thinkers of the day, including scientific management founder Frederick Winslow Taylor, auto industry leader Henry Ford and safety razor magnate King Gillette.
Findings
This paper identified four themes which are related to management and workplace history that pervade his fiction and nonfiction writing and link these events to the events of his life as well as the context of the times.
Originality/value
Although others have cited certain aspects of Sinclair’s work for specific purposes, this paper presents a systematic review of Sinclair’s broad oeuvre and its relevance to management and workplace history using a critical biography approach.
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While physical reactions and experiences are pervasive in the experiences of leaders and followers, most writing and theorising about leadership fails to register physicality’s…
Abstract
While physical reactions and experiences are pervasive in the experiences of leaders and followers, most writing and theorising about leadership fails to register physicality’s significance. Consequently, this chapter relies primarily on a creative narrative, ‘The Interview’, to make visible the physicality in leadership. ‘The Interview’ records the experiences of three leaders in ConstructCo as they prepare for and reflect on the interview for a new CEO. Though fictional, the narrative interweaves real experiences from the lives of leaders with whom I have worked. The narrative form and allowing characters to speak give licence to the physical to appear and take its proper place as a crucial dimension of the leadership experience. The second half of the chapter explores the implications of the physical in leadership, beginning by mapping some of the dimensions of physicality experienced by the three characters in the narrative. The following discussion argues that those of us who research, teach and work with leaders should be open to seeing the way conventional norms mask the physical. I explore what new means and approaches are needed in research and writing to bring physicality into development work with leaders. This chapter, including the narrative and subsequent discussion, argues that being aware of physical selves, with the humanness, vulnerability and connection with others that physicality brings, offers new possibilities to our ways of being in leadership.
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Celia Beckett, Richard Cross, Jaqui Hewitt-Taylor and Pam McConnell
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process of building an assessment model to assess the emotional and behavioural needs of “looked after children”.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process of building an assessment model to assess the emotional and behavioural needs of “looked after children”.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a technical paper developing and evaluating a process for comprehensively assessing children ' s needs using a combination of three existing tools.
Findings
The paper identifies a model to assess “looked after” children and highlights some of the early benefits and challenges which have been encountered using this model.
Practical implications
This paper suggests a model and timeframe to ensure that detailed assessments of the mental health of “looked after” children are effectively carried out.
Social implications
There is a potential for an improvement in assessment of looked after children that will lead to the identification of appropriate interventions and services.
Originality/value
The paper is new in identifying a combination of assessment measures and a timeline to complete these.
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Limin Wei, Fei Zhou, Shuo Wang, Weixun Hao, Yong Liu and Jingchuan Zhu
The purpose of this study is to propose extended potentials and investigate the applicability of extended Finnis–Sinclair (FS) potential to Cr with the unit cell structure of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose extended potentials and investigate the applicability of extended Finnis–Sinclair (FS) potential to Cr with the unit cell structure of body-centered cubic (BCC Cr).
Design/methodology/approach
The parameters of each potential are determined by fitting the elastic constants, cohesive energy and mono-vacancy formation energy. Furthermore, the ability of the extended FS potential to describe the crystal defect properties is tested. Finally, the applicability of reproducing the thermal properties of Cr is discussed.
Findings
The internal relationship between physical properties and potential function is revealed. The mathematical relationship between physical properties and potential function is derived in detail. The extended FS potential performs well in reproducing physical properties of BCC Cr, such as elastic constants, cohesive energy, surface energy and the properties of vacancy et al. Moreover, good agreement is obtained with the experimental data for predicting the melting point, specific heat and coefficient of thermal expansion.
Originality/value
In this study, new extended potentials are proposed. The extended FS potential is able to reproduce the physical and thermal properties of BCC Cr. Therefore, the new extended potential can be used to describe the crystal defect properties of BCC Cr.