Search results

Ice formation constitutes a hazard to aircraft operation both on the ground and in flight. This article deals with the protection of aircraft against ice formation in flight, but does not consider the counter measures which must be taken on the ground in winter conditions. The first part of the paper deals with the atmospheric conditions which give rise to ice accretion on forward facing surfaces and the types of ice which form at various ambient temperatures. A general survey is then made on methods of solving the problem and the weight and power penalties which they entail. Finally some recent developments in the electrical deicing systems arc reviewed.

In a jet‐propulsion plant for aircraft, the propulsive eflort is reduced for landing by extracting air from the augmenter stream before it mixes with the turbine exhaust and discharging it through forwardly‐directed orifices. The extraction of the air into the nacelle is governed by valves m and the openings for forward‐discharge from the nacelle are always open These openings may be anywhere in the nacelle shell and may be in the lip o of the main air intake. The augmenter valve n is closed when the extraction valve m is open.

An aircraft undercarriage comprises a four‐wheeled bogie, of which two of the wheels, 16, 17, are independently rotatable and are mounted on a common transverse axle 15 at the lower end of the undercarriage leg 13, the other two wheels 21, 24 being mounted in tandem in a fore‐and‐aft plane extending between and parallel to the wheels 16, 17, and being castorable and/or steerable. The wheels 21,24 are carried by brackets 18, 19 mounted on the axle 15 and provided with supplementary shock absorbers 26, 27 connected to a cross‐head 28 on the leg 13. Antishimmy devices may be provided for the castoring wheels, together with means for aligning them when the aircraft is airborne.

Broad statistics or the incidence and cost of windscreen panel failures are given. The implications of these statistics are discussed with particular regard to the inability to predict with any degree of certainty the time between installation and failure. Failures occur not only at random points in a time scale but also at any point on the airline's routes. If improvement in reliability is not economically attainable then compensation must be gained in ease and speed of replacement. The designer must make a realistic assessment of achievable reliability. The result of this assessment in dictating the need for ease of replacement may well be the controlling factor in the installation design.

One of the main factors contributing to the effectiveness of the Royal Air Force is the quality of its equipment. To be most efficient the equipment should have the highest possible performance coupled with complete reliability. Any departure from this standard of reliability must be compensated for by economy in maintainability. The high and unacceptable failure rates experienced by the Royal Air Force are discussed as are the effects on aircraft availability, mission success and flight safety. Other serious aspects are the consumption of spares, their replacement and the financial costs involved. Some failure patterns in different aircraft environments are discussed and the cause and effects of failures are examined, together with the modifications which have taken place. The paper concludes with a statement on the reliability and maintainability requirement which the Royal Air Force must have if it is to provide the maximum national insurance with its weapon systems.

Functionalization of organic cotton fabrics (OCFs) by in situ deposition of chitosan reduced-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). No other toxic chemicals used to warrant an ecofriendly synthesis protocol. Human toxicity of silver systematically avoided to use as textile clothing. Primary colors (nearly-red, yellow and blue) were imparted on OCFs via localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AgNPs. Decent mechanical properties and laundering durability in terms of antibacterial/fastness test improved mechanical properties.

Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized by using silver nitrate along with commercially available chitosan. Due to the surface LSPR property of silver nanoparticles, it exhibits versatile colors depending on the synthesizing procedures. The coloration occurs due to the electrostatic interaction between the AgNPs and chitosan-treated OCF. The nanotreated fabrics provide excellent mechanical properties with improved antibacterial effects.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis quantifies the developed materials in the substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates the appearance and morphologies of silver nanoparticles into the fabric surface after the coloration process. It proves that the treated cotton knit fabric exhibits the LSPR optical features of AgNPs. The antibacterial and mechanical properties confirm the improved functionality of products.

Improved mechanical properties, antibacterial performances and coloration effects on organic cotton substrates in terms of chitosan-mediated nanosilver are not yet studied.

The British Non‐Ferrous Metals Research Association announces the election of the following new officers: Lt.‐Col. the Hon. R. M. Preston, D.S.O., as Chairman of Council, succeeding Lt.‐Col. Sir John Greenly, K.C.M.G.; Mr F. C. Braby, M.C., M.I.Mech.E., as Vice‐Chairman and Hon. Treasurer; and Dr Maurice Cook, F.I.M., as Chairman of the Research Board.

Purpose – To describe the use of the software platform, TechScaffold, for use in teacher education to provide pre-service and in-service teachers with decision-making heuristics to select apps based on formulation of their instructional purposes for using those apps; participate in a community designed to foster knowledge and experience about effective, purposeful uses of apps; and share project reports to illustrate the use of apps to achieve certain learning objectives.

Design – The authors draw on research related to decision-making associated with purposeful uses of apps as well as analysis of the limitations of similar instructional design tools to develop features for TechScaffold. They sought to scaffold teachers’ decision-making through users formulating open-ended responses to queries with responses matched against a database of apps identified according to platform, purpose, grade level, difficulty, and cost, as well as ways for users to participate as members of a community to share projects illustrating uses of apps. The authors also obtained feedback regarding the potential usability and value of TechScaffold.

Findings – Given research indicating the importance of scaffolding decision-making processes regarding uses of apps, feedback from users indicated that they perceive TechScaffold as a useful tool within the context of teacher education as well as for professional development in schools to foster effective decision-making associated with purposeful uses of apps.

Practical Implications – Teacher educators can employ scaffolding activities to help pre-service and in-service teachers make decisions regarding productive uses of apps through their open-ended formulation of certain purposes through use of a tool such as TechScaffold.

This study aims to explore how social media help promote environmental education and pro-environmental behaviours by analysing how young adults access social media and traditional media to obtain environmental information differently, how environmental ideas are disseminated through social media and how people perceive and realise environmentalism.

This is a qualitative study based on a semi-structured interview with student participants. The questions used in the interview were developed by on the integrated waste reduction model by Nishio and Takeuchi (2005) and the enhanced model proposed by Ho et al. (2019).

The results indicate that young adults agree and accept that living environmentally friendly lifestyles is an important goal. Although they acquire environmental information from social media, they seldom share or interact with those social media posts. This behaviour implies that they are information receivers when dealing with such contents.

The finding of this study provides insight for stakeholders on how to promote related knowledge and encourage people to be “greener” more often and construct a friendlier atmosphere for fostering more in-depth environmental discussions on social media.

We wish our readers, especially in this war year, the Best of the Season's Good Things!