MOST readers will be familiar with the ‘Mirrored Beam’ method of using the Three‐Moment Equation for ‘Built‐in’ beams. The following method is somewhat similar but has the added…
Abstract
MOST readers will be familiar with the ‘Mirrored Beam’ method of using the Three‐Moment Equation for ‘Built‐in’ beams. The following method is somewhat similar but has the added advantage that it can be applied also to beams whose ends are elastically restrained or have a fixed slope.
IT is intended to show in this article the magnitude of the weight saving which can be achieved on simple struts. It is necessary for any comparison to derive the weight and shape…
Abstract
IT is intended to show in this article the magnitude of the weight saving which can be achieved on simple struts. It is necessary for any comparison to derive the weight and shape of the solid or hollow strut theoretically most efficient. This can be done most conveniently using the Calculus of Variations and it will be assumed in all cases that the strut is of such a length that bending stresses predominate at the instant of failure and that the ends of the strut are rotationally free.
Thermal stresses due to arbitrary temperature distributions are calculated for beams of I‐section or of multicell sections which can be considered to be built up from I‐section…
Abstract
Thermal stresses due to arbitrary temperature distributions are calculated for beams of I‐section or of multicell sections which can be considered to be built up from I‐section units. Stress distributions are presented graphically for a wide range of the parameters involved. It is shown that for a high‐speed aircraft the thermal stresses alone could produce plasticity in a homogeneous structure.
Sanjoy Mazumdar and Gilbert Geis
This paper investigates the case study as a research method. It examines its strengths, weaknesses, and criticisms. It describes important characteristics of the method and its…
Abstract
This paper investigates the case study as a research method. It examines its strengths, weaknesses, and criticisms. It describes important characteristics of the method and its important features, providing examples from the literature. It seeks to correct some misimpressions, and to point out overlooked potentials, new justifications, and further possibilities and directions. It points to features of the case study that would be particularly useful in studies of disability. The conclusion is that case studies, especially those focusing on verstehen and on special in-depth understanding, offer great potential in disability studies.
Bob Gates, Colin Griffiths, Paul Keenan, Sandra Fleming, Carmel Doyle, Helen L. Atherton, Su McAnelly, Michelle Cleary and Paul Sutton
Haoyu Gao, Ruixiang Jiang, Wei Liu, Junbo Wang and Chunchi Wu
This chapter investigates the effect of the geographical distance between institutional investors and firms on managers' financial misconduct. The evidence shows that the…
Abstract
This chapter investigates the effect of the geographical distance between institutional investors and firms on managers' financial misconduct. The evidence shows that the likelihood of committing financial misconduct by management is positively associated with distance. The distance effect is more prominent for firms with higher information asymmetry and more dedicated institutional investors. In line with the balance between risk-taking and benefit extraction from misconduct, the severity of financial misconduct is higher for firms closer to their institutional investors. Results show that geographical proximity can significantly reduce the cost of information production and facilitate monitoring through access to soft information.
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Zhan Furner, Keith Walker and Jon Durrant
Krull (2004) finds that US multinational corporations (MNCs) increase amounts designated as permanently reinvested earnings (PRE) to maximize reported after-tax earnings and meet…
Abstract
Krull (2004) finds that US multinational corporations (MNCs) increase amounts designated as permanently reinvested earnings (PRE) to maximize reported after-tax earnings and meet earnings targets. We extend this research by examining the relationship between executive equity compensation and the opportunistic use of PRE by US MNCs, and the market reaction to earnings management using PRE designations. Firms use equity compensation to incentivize executives to strive for maximum shareholder wealth. One unintended consequence is that executives may engage in earnings management activities to increase their equity compensation. In this study, we examine whether the equity incentives of management are associated with an increased use of PRE. We predict and find strong evidence that the changes in PRE are positively associated with the portion of top managers' compensation that is tied to stock performance. In addition, we find this relationship to be strongest for firms that meet or beat forecasts, but only with the use of PRE to inflate income, suggesting that equity compensation incentivizes managers to opportunistically use PRE, especially to meet analyst forecasts.
Further, we provide evidence that investors react negatively to beating analysts' forecasts with the use of PRE, suggesting that investors find this behavior opportunistic and not fully convincing. This chapter makes an important contribution to what we know about the joint effects of tax policy, generally accepted accounting principles, and incentive compensation on the earnings reporting process.