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Article
Publication date: 7 February 2022

Muralidhar Vaman Kamath, Shrilaxmi Prashanth, Mithesh Kumar and Adithya Tantri

The compressive strength of concrete depends on many interdependent parameters; its exact prediction is not that simple because of complex processes involved in strength…

647

Abstract

Purpose

The compressive strength of concrete depends on many interdependent parameters; its exact prediction is not that simple because of complex processes involved in strength development. This study aims to predict the compressive strength of normal concrete and high-performance concrete using four datasets.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, five established individual Machine Learning (ML) regression models have been compared: Decision Regression Tree, Random Forest Regression, Lasso Regression, Ridge Regression and Multiple-Linear regression. Four datasets were studied, two of which are previous research datasets, and two datasets are from the sophisticated lab using five established individual ML regression models.

Findings

The five statistical indicators like coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error, root mean squared error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and mean absolute percentage error have been used to compare the performance of the models. The models are further compared using statistical indicators with previous studies. Lastly, to understand the variable effect of the predictor, the sensitivity and parametric analysis were carried out to find the performance of the variable.

Originality/value

The findings of this paper will allow readers to understand the factors involved in identifying the machine learning models and concrete datasets. In so doing, we hope that this research advances the toolset needed to predict compressive strength.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 April 2021

Tressy Thomas and Enayat Rajabi

The primary aim of this study is to review the studies from different dimensions including type of methods, experimentation setup and evaluation metrics used in the novel…

1816

Abstract

Purpose

The primary aim of this study is to review the studies from different dimensions including type of methods, experimentation setup and evaluation metrics used in the novel approaches proposed for data imputation, particularly in the machine learning (ML) area. This ultimately provides an understanding about how well the proposed framework is evaluated and what type and ratio of missingness are addressed in the proposals. The review questions in this study are (1) what are the ML-based imputation methods studied and proposed during 2010–2020? (2) How the experimentation setup, characteristics of data sets and missingness are employed in these studies? (3) What metrics were used for the evaluation of imputation method?

Design/methodology/approach

The review process went through the standard identification, screening and selection process. The initial search on electronic databases for missing value imputation (MVI) based on ML algorithms returned a large number of papers totaling at 2,883. Most of the papers at this stage were not exactly an MVI technique relevant to this study. The literature reviews are first scanned in the title for relevancy, and 306 literature reviews were identified as appropriate. Upon reviewing the abstract text, 151 literature reviews that are not eligible for this study are dropped. This resulted in 155 research papers suitable for full-text review. From this, 117 papers are used in assessment of the review questions.

Findings

This study shows that clustering- and instance-based algorithms are the most proposed MVI methods. Percentage of correct prediction (PCP) and root mean square error (RMSE) are most used evaluation metrics in these studies. For experimentation, majority of the studies sourced the data sets from publicly available data set repositories. A common approach is that the complete data set is set as baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of imputation on the test data sets with artificially induced missingness. The data set size and missingness ratio varied across the experimentations, while missing datatype and mechanism are pertaining to the capability of imputation. Computational expense is a concern, and experimentation using large data sets appears to be a challenge.

Originality/value

It is understood from the review that there is no single universal solution to missing data problem. Variants of ML approaches work well with the missingness based on the characteristics of the data set. Most of the methods reviewed lack generalization with regard to applicability. Another concern related to applicability is the complexity of the formulation and implementation of the algorithm. Imputations based on k-nearest neighbors (kNN) and clustering algorithms which are simple and easy to implement make it popular across various domains.

Details

Data Technologies and Applications, vol. 55 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 July 2007

K. Ganesan, K. Rajagopal and K. Thangavel

Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products as cement replacement materials in concrete technology has been an interesting subject of research for economical…

812

Abstract

Purpose

Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products as cement replacement materials in concrete technology has been an interesting subject of research for economical, environmental, and technical reasons. Portland cement incorporating these cement replacement materials improves corrosion resistance of carbon steel. Sugar cane bagasse is considered as waste in sugar mills and dumped in open space or used as fuel for boilers. The main purpose of the study is to investigate corrosion performance of reinforcing carbon steel in bagasse ash (BA) blended cement concrete and compare it with control concrete.

Design/methodology/approach

BA is prepared by burning boiler‐fired ash at a controlled temperature of 650°C for 1 h and cooled. The ash is then ground to a fineness of 46 μm as Pozzolanic material and blended in concrete in various cement replacement levels. The corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in BA blended concretes exposed to alternate dry‐wet cycles in 3.0 percent NaCl solution for 18 months was studied using gravimetric weight loss, linear polarization, and electrochemical impedance measurement techniques. The resistance to chloride ion penetration of BA blended concretes after 28 and 90 days and compressive strength of BA blended concrete cubes after 7, 14, 28, and 90 days curing also was evaluated.

Findings

The experimental results indicated that the corrosion rate of reinforcing steel and chloride penetration were significantly reduced, and compressive strength was increased, with the incorporation of BA up to 20 percent replacement in concrete. It was observed also that a relatively good correlation between linear polarization and impedance measurements with respect to corrosion current values on the reinforcing steel within BA blended concretes.

Originality/value

BA may be considered as a better substitute than other mineral admixtures for durable concrete structures. The study fulfilled the objective of the investigation and contributes to research on corrosion protection of carbon steel in concrete.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 54 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1998

Jyoti Lata Pandey and M.K. Banerjee

Concrete forms a major component of the national infrastructure. Corrosion of reinforced steels embedded in concrete has recently received wide attention in R&D programmes…

1590

Abstract

Concrete forms a major component of the national infrastructure. Corrosion of reinforced steels embedded in concrete has recently received wide attention in R&D programmes. Different cases have been reported showing failures of concrete structures which means huge loss. An attempt has been made to identify the different factors affecting the corrosion of embedded steel. Comparative evaluation of different protective schemes use of additives in concrete admixtures and the application of the cathodic protection technique has been discussed.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 45 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2005

B. Ramesh Babu and K. Thangavel

To study the effects of isomers of organic compounds such as phenylenediamine, toluidine and nitroaniline as inhibitors for the corrosion of carbon steel in sulfuric acid.

526

Abstract

Purpose

To study the effects of isomers of organic compounds such as phenylenediamine, toluidine and nitroaniline as inhibitors for the corrosion of carbon steel in sulfuric acid.

Design/methodology/approach

Standard methods have been adopted in this study such as weight loss, polarization tests, impedance measurements and hydrogen permeation studies to find out the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in sulfuric acid with and without inhibitors.

Findings

All the selected isomers inhibited the corrosion. The best performance was found in ortho‐phenylenediamine when compared with other inhibitors under study.

Originality/value

It clearly shows the effect of isomers of phenylenediamine, toluidine and nitroaniline. The method of study may be applicable to find out the performance of other isomers of organic compounds. As these isomers behave as good inhibitors in sulfuric acid, these may be tried as inhibitors in other acids. Hence, this study is useful to academics and researchers in the field of corrosion science and engineering.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 52 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 2006

M. Vishnudevan and K. Thangavel

Admixtures are materials that are added to concrete at some stage in its production to give concrete new properties whether in fluid or plastic conditions. The admixtures used in…

739

Abstract

Purpose

Admixtures are materials that are added to concrete at some stage in its production to give concrete new properties whether in fluid or plastic conditions. The admixtures used in the construction industry are broadly classified into Mineral and Chemical admixtures. In recent years, the use of mineral and chemical admixtures in producing high performance concrete has increased significantly. The chemical reaction of cement with admixtures differs from material to material. Calcium nitrite based corrosion inhibiting admixtures have gained popularity for protection of reinforced and pre‐stressed concrete structures but calcium nitrite is not commercialized indigenously in India due to manufacturing difficulties. Hence, the objective of the present investigation was to study a novel corrosion inhibiting admixture system and to compare its effectiveness with sodium nitrite.

Design/methodology/approach

Di‐sodium phthalate, sodium orthophosphate and sodium nitrite‐based corrosion inhibiting admixtures were selected for the present investigation. The critical quantities of corrosion inhibiting additives were determined by accelerated laboratory tests. The following types of tests were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the corrosion inhibiting admixtures: compressive strength of 100 × 100 × 100 mm concrete cubes after 3,7,14 and 28 days of curing, linear polarization resistance measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, an accelerated 12 V controlled potential test.

Findings

From the above tests, the inhibitor admixtured concrete not only improved in compressive strength but also increased its corrosion resistance properties. Of the inhibitors studied, di‐sodium phthalate showed superior corrosion resistance properties, compared to sodium nitrite.

Originality/value

Di‐sodium phthalate may be considered a better substitute for calcium nitrite‐based corrosion inhibiting admixtures for durable concrete structures. This fulfils the objective of the investigation.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 53 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 August 2021

Tarsem Lal

The purpose of this paper is to check the impact of financial inclusion on economic development of marginalized communities through the mediation of socio-economic empowerment.

1662

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to check the impact of financial inclusion on economic development of marginalized communities through the mediation of socio-economic empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to fulfil the objectives of the study, primary data were collected from 382 bank customers belonging to marginalized communities breathing in Jammu district of J and K by using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected during the month of April–August 2020. Multivariate statistical techniques such as EFA, CFA and SEM were used for data analysis and scale purification.

Findings

The study’s results reveal that financial inclusion has a direct and significant impact on economic development of marginalized communities through the mediation of social and economic empowerment. The study highlights that despite various initiatives taken by the government towards financial inclusion, there is a denial from the financial institutions to extend the credit to the marginalized communities due to lack of education, illiteracy, lack of awareness, attitude of bankers and policy directions to the banking sector, which confine these communities to feel proud, dignified, confident and self-reliant to face any financial crisis.

Research limitations/implications

First the in-depth analysis of the study is restricted to Jammu district only that restricts the generalization of the results to the whole population of J and K. Second, the data were collected from respondents belonging to marginalized communities only. Third, comparative study of marginalized households who are covered under the financial inclusion drive and those who are still financially excluded has not been done yet. Fourth, the questionnaire approach was the only way to gather primary data and thus, the results might have a common-method bias.

Originality/value

The study makes contribution in the direction of financial inclusion narrative relating to socio-economic empowerment and economic development of marginalized communities. It looks into how for the socio-economic aspects of marginalized communities influence their exclusion from the financial system of the country. The study also provides valuable insights for the policymakers, researchers and academicians both at the countrywide and intercontinental level to devise and put into practice programmes that will widen right to use financial products and services leading to cutback of poverty incidence, income parity, social and economic empowerment, economic development and reduction in caste and gender based discrimination.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 48 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 February 2024

Nilesh R. Parmar, Sanjay R. Salla, Hariom P. Khungar and B. Kondraivendhan

This study aims to characterize the behavior of blended concrete, including metakaolin (MK) and quarry dust (QD), as supplementary cementing materials. The study focuses on…

46

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to characterize the behavior of blended concrete, including metakaolin (MK) and quarry dust (QD), as supplementary cementing materials. The study focuses on evaluating the effects of these materials on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete.

Design/methodology/approach

MK, a pozzolanic material, and QD, a fine aggregate by-product, are potentially sustainable alternatives for enhancing concrete performance and reducing environmental impact. The addition of different percentages of MK enhances the pozzolanic reaction, resulting in improved strength development. Furthermore, the optimum dosage of MK, mixed with QD, and mechanical properties like compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete were evaluated to investigate the synergetic effect of MK and quarry dust for M20-grade concrete.

Findings

The results reveal the influence of metakaolin and QD on the overall performance of blended concrete. Cost analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce the 7%–8% overall cost of the materials for M20-grade concrete. Energy analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce 7%–8% energy consumption.

Originality/value

The effective utilization is determined with the help of the analytical hierarchy process method to find an optimal solution among the selected criteria. According to the AHP analysis, the optimum content of MK and quarry dust is 12% and 16%, respectively, performing best among all other trial mixes.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 22 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 August 2012

Zhang Jie and Zhu Jian‐Jun

The purpose of this paper is to research attribute reduction and decision making by gray dual‐information, taking into account the attribute reduction of attribute decision…

188

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to research attribute reduction and decision making by gray dual‐information, taking into account the attribute reduction of attribute decision unknown for the interval gray numbers.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors obtain the attribute weights considering the consistency of experts’ judgment matrixes and the decision matrixes with gray information. They propose some experts’ attribute reduction ideas based on interval gray numbers of rough set. With the help of experts’ decision information, they consider attribute uncertainty ratio and attribute value ratio to reduce attribute. Finally, a numerical example shows its feasibility.

Findings

Some experts’ attribute reduction ideas are proposed based on interval gray numbers of rough set. With the help of experts’ decision information, attribute uncertainty ratio and attribute value ratio to reduce attribute can be considered.

Originality/value

Attribute reduction is keeping classified information systems under the same conditions and deleting redundant and irrelevant or unimportant attributes in order to solve the problem of decision making. This paper considers the attribute reduction based on gray dual‐information.

Details

Grey Systems: Theory and Application, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-9377

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 January 2013

Layla A. Al Juhaiman, Amal Abu Mustafa and Wafaa K. Mekhamer

The purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (CS) using a “green” inhibitor, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), in an aerated, alkaline medium…

386

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (CS) using a “green” inhibitor, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), in an aerated, alkaline medium containing 0.1M NaCl (blank) at pH 9 and pH 10. The effects of some additives, such as KI and untreated Saudi clay (UC) were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Weight loss method, surface studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation were applied.

Findings

The inhibition efficiencies of blank solutions with 1000 ppm PVP ranged from 66‐78% for weight loss results and from 23‐66% for the electrochemical tests. The EIS results indicated that the adsorption of PVP led to the formation of a protective film on the metal/solution interface. Tafel results indicated that PVP is a mixed‐type inhibitor. The addition of KI to PVP and the blank solution significantly increased inhibition efficiency, while the addition of UC reduced the inhibition efficiency. Adding KI resulted in a high surface‐area coverage ranging from about 91% after one hour to about 81% after 45 hours. The adsorption mechanism was fitted with a Langmuir isotherm.

Research limitations/implications

This is a static study, whereas in oil drilling there is a dynamic system; however the findings may apply to both systems.

Practical implications

Carbon steel is used in alkaline and neutral media in the petroleum industry. The effect of KI additives was examined.

Social implications

The paper shows how it may be possible to reduce the cost of repair of equipment and lower the environmental impact of corrosion.

Originality/value

There are few studies which investigate the combining effect of polymer and KI in alkaline medium containing NaCl.

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