Vishrut Shah, Manish Pamwar, Balbir Sangha and Il Yong Kim
The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective and efficient numerical method that can consider natural frequency in multi-material topology optimization (MMTO) and which is…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective and efficient numerical method that can consider natural frequency in multi-material topology optimization (MMTO) and which is scalable for complex three-dimensional (3D) problems.
Design/methodology/approach
The optimization algorithm is developed by combining custom FORTRAN code for MMTO with the open-source software Mystran, which is used as a finite element analysis (FEA) solver. The proposed algorithm allows the designer to shift the fundamental frequency of the design beyond a defined frequency spectrum from the initial designing phase. The methodology is formulated in a smooth and differentiable manner, with the sensitivity expressions, required by gradient-based optimization solvers, presented.
Findings
Natural frequency constraint has been successfully implemented into MMTO. The use of open-source software Mystran as an FEA solver in the algorithm provides ability to solve complex problems. Mystran offers powerful built-in functions for eigenvalue extraction using methods like Givens, modified Givens, inverse power and the Lanczos method, which provide the ability to solve complex models. The algorithm is successfully able to solve both two- and three-material MMTO jobs for two-dimensional and 3D geometries.
Originality/value
Natural frequency constraint consideration into topology optimization is very challenging due to three common issues: localized eigenmodes, mode switching and high computational cost. The proposed algorithm addresses these inherent issues, implements natural frequency constraint to MMTO and solves for complex models, which is hardly possible using conventional methods.
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For many years, the banking industry has required close supervision owing to its central yet delicate role in economic life. In a short time, the business has moved from a local…
Abstract
For many years, the banking industry has required close supervision owing to its central yet delicate role in economic life. In a short time, the business has moved from a local, country‐based jurisdiction to a global arena, on a massive scale. This development has forced regulation to adopt an international perspective, to keep in step with the commercial developments. This paper analyses this move from local to global regulation of banking, finding that the efforts seem to be reactive rather than proactive. In addition, the regulatory endeavours have become enmeshed in international economic competition, and sophisticated regulatory arbitrage is being conducted on a global playing field. Thus, regulatory objectives and standards are being increasingly compromised or subverted. Paradoxically, just as the banking business is becoming increasingly risky and scandalous, regulation is becoming weaker, posing serious challenges to the future of the world economy and society.
Sheetal Ranjan, Aakash K. Shah, C. Clare Strange and Kate Stillman
The purpose of this paper is to present strategies for cultivating internal support, community partnerships and practitioner engagement for Hospital-based Violence Intervention…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present strategies for cultivating internal support, community partnerships and practitioner engagement for Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs). In response to growing concerns about community violence and calls to engage the community in its solutions, HVIPs have increased in popularity as innovative and transdisciplinary approaches to violence intervention. HVIPs are one strategy under the broad purview of public health approaches to crime and violence – focusing on reaching recent victims of violence in emergency departments and leveraging this “teachable moment” to offer wrap-around services geared toward preventing future violence or revictimization.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses an autoethnographic and case study approach of Project HEAL (Help, Empower and Lead), a newly established HVIP at Jersey Shore University Medical Center.
Findings
While there is no “standard” approach, the importance of strong community partnerships and practitioner engagement prior to and during the HVIP implementation process is second to none.
Research limitations/implications
This case study of Project HEAL’s initial implementation will provide information that can assist other HVIPs in creating and sustaining necessary internal support, community partnerships and practitioner engagement, and potentially help navigate forthcoming statewide and federal efforts.
Originality/value
Development of meaningful community partnerships and achievement of a high level of engagement from practitioners are key to the successful implementation of HVIPs, the processes of which are not always documented in literature.
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The deregulation of international banking and financial markets has raised a number of concerns about their fragility and risk of collapse through systemic contagion. A large…
Abstract
The deregulation of international banking and financial markets has raised a number of concerns about their fragility and risk of collapse through systemic contagion. A large amount of research has been conducted to explore policy solutions to this problem. However, there is little work in the literature which attempts to understand the various components and dimensions of systemic risk. This paper develops a comprehensive understanding of systemic risk, by using the theoretical framework provided by Perrow in his seminal book, ‘Normal Accidents’. It elaborates and exposes three of the central components — risk, complexity and coupling, which together make the modern global financial system significantly fragile. It is hoped that this understanding will create a common basis for future discussions of systemic risk and also help towards developing policy reforms.
The purpose of this article is to attempt to highlight various approaches for enhancing the viability of probiotics, with special emphasis on micro‐encapsulation.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to attempt to highlight various approaches for enhancing the viability of probiotics, with special emphasis on micro‐encapsulation.
Design/methodology/approach
Various techniques, such as selection of acid and bile resistant strains, use of oxygen impermeable packaging materials, two‐step fermentation, stress adaptation, inclusion of micro‐nutrient, sonication of bacteria and micro‐encapsulation, which could be employed for maintaining or enhancing probiotic viability are discussed, with special emphasis on micro‐encapsulation.
Findings
Probiotics lose their viability during gastro‐intestinal transit due to unfavorable intestinal environment. Amongst diverse techniques micro‐encapsulation could confer protection to the probiotics both in the product as well as in the gastro‐intestinal environment.
Originality/value
The paper shows that micro‐encapsulation of probiotics renders them stable both in the product as well as in the intestinal environment and application of encapsulated probiotics would result in a product with greater prophylactic activities.
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Stephen M. Fiore, Dorothy R. Carter and Raquel Asencio
In this chapter we discuss attitudinal and affective factors in the context of science teams. We review some of the key findings on conflict, trust, and cohesion in teams and…
Abstract
In this chapter we discuss attitudinal and affective factors in the context of science teams. We review some of the key findings on conflict, trust, and cohesion in teams and discuss the differentiation between team-related and task-related definitions of each. In so doing, we discuss their relevance to team effectiveness in science teams and provide guidance on notional areas of research for understanding how these are related to effectiveness in science teams.
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Saurabh Srivastava, Swati Panda and Wallace A. Williams
This paper aims to investigate the process of innovation in firms founded by user-entrepreneurs. It also empirically investigates the role of customer involvement and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the process of innovation in firms founded by user-entrepreneurs. It also empirically investigates the role of customer involvement and user-entrepreneurs’ learning goal orientation in the innovation process.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey design is used to collect data from entrepreneurs managing small businesses. A total of 255 entrepreneurs responded to the survey questionnaire. The partial least square structural equation model was used to test the measurement and structural model.
Findings
Results suggest a positive association of user-entrepreneurship with innovation and customer involvement. Results also confirmed that customer involvement mediates the relationship between user-entrepreneurship and innovation. In addition, results suggest that the higher learning orientation (LO) of user-entrepreneurs plays a vital role in innovation by strengthening the relationship between user-entrepreneurship and customer involvement.
Research limitations/implications
The study focuses on small entrepreneurial firms with less than equal to or less than 250 employees. The results may not be generalizable to larger user-entrepreneurial firms. Also, this study is based on American entrepreneurs. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to other countries.
Practical implications
Evidence for the role of customer involvement and LO in the innovation process can be used by entrepreneurs and small business owners in hiring and training decisions. Also, the findings suggest the important role played by customers in the innovation process. Firms can use this insight to involve their customers in the product development process to secure better innovation outcomes.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the innovation and entrepreneurship literature by emphasizing the critical role of customer networks in user-entrepreneurs’ innovation performance. It offers a process model that offers empirical evidence supporting the positive role of customer involvement in new ventures. It highlights the role of the LO of user-entrepreneurs in the customer engagement process.
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This paper gives a review of the finite element techniques (FE)applied in the area of material processing. The latest trends in metalforming, non‐metal forming and powder…
Abstract
This paper gives a review of the finite element techniques (FE) applied in the area of material processing. The latest trends in metal forming, non‐metal forming and powder metallurgy are briefly discussed. The range of applications of finite elements on the subjects is extremely wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of the paper is to give FE users only an encyclopaedic view of the different possibilities that exist today in the various fields mentioned above. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on finite element applications in material processing for the last five years, and more than 1100 references are listed.
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Mary M. Maloney, Mary Zellmer-Bruhn and Priti Pradhan Shah
In this chapter we develop a conceptual model describing how global teams do more than accomplish discrete tasks, and create “spillover coordination” effects by influencing the…
Abstract
Purpose
In this chapter we develop a conceptual model describing how global teams do more than accomplish discrete tasks, and create “spillover coordination” effects by influencing the amount of work-related direct contact among team members outside the task boundaries of the team. We theorize that spillover coordination is the result of relational and cognitive social capital developed through team interaction. We also propose that the design of the team and the context in which it operates influence the degree to which social capital develops.
Methodology/approach
We develop a conceptual model including propositions that can be tested empirically. We suggest avenues for future research.
Practical implications
Our model proposes that teams are a more powerful cross-border integration mechanism than originally thought in existing literature in international management and organizational behavior, since they affect social capital that can benefit the broader MNE beyond scope of the task and after the team disbands. Our approach suggests that MNE managers should be mindful of global team spillover effects and intentional in the way they design global teams if those benefits are to be achieved.
Originality/value
Most research on global teams, and teams in general, does not look past the task and time boundary of the team. We expand the view of team effectiveness to encompass those dimensions.