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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1997

H. Richter, K. Ruess, A. Gemmler and W. Leonhard

Bumping is a prerequisite forflip‐chip attachment of bare dies. For silicon semiconductors bumping is normally performedon the ICs at wafer scale. Bumping can be performed by…

176

Abstract

Bumping is a prerequisite for flip‐chip attachment of bare dies. For silicon semiconductors bumping is normally performed on the ICs at wafer scale. Bumping can be performed by micro‐plating or vacuum deposition techniques. Mechanical methods are also well known. In this paper a bumping process based on tin/lead alloy plating is reported. The plating bath presented enables the deposition of both solder compositions used for flip‐chip attachment, the eutectic and the lead‐rich. All key issues of the plating process covering plating equipment, electrolyte characteristics and plating process parameters are discussed. Methods of bump characterisation and quality assurance are reported as an important part of the bumping process. The deciding process parameters leading to high quality solder bumps are demonstrated.

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Microelectronics International, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 24 November 2010

Abstract

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Advances in Librarianship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-979-4

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Article
Publication date: 5 June 2023

Prashant Kumar Choudhary

The objective of the present work is to present the design optimization of composite cylindrical shell subjected to an axial compressive load and lateral pressure.

138

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of the present work is to present the design optimization of composite cylindrical shell subjected to an axial compressive load and lateral pressure.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel optimization method is developed to predict the optimal fiber orientation in composite cylindrical shell. The optimization is carried out by coupling analytical and finite element (FE) results with a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization scheme developed in MATLAB. Linear eigenvalue were performed to evaluate the buckling behaviour of composite cylinders. In analytical part, besides the buckling analysis, Tsai-Wu failure criteria are employed to analyse the failure of the composite structure.

Findings

The optimal result obtained through this study is compared with traditionally used laminates with 0, 90, ±45 orientation. The results suggest that the application of this novel optimization algorithm leads to an increase of 94% in buckling strength.

Originality/value

The proposed optimal fiber orientation can provide a practical and efficient way for the designers to evaluate the buckling pressure of the composite shells in the design stage.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Book part
Publication date: 24 November 2010

Terrance S. Newell

Learning-via-gaming is an emerging area of interest and research within kindergarten to grade 12 (k-12), in US schools. As a vital part of the k-12 instructional mission, school…

Abstract

Learning-via-gaming is an emerging area of interest and research within kindergarten to grade 12 (k-12), in US schools. As a vital part of the k-12 instructional mission, school libraries are exploring the potential role of videogames in mediating information-oriented skills development. Although the general concept of learning-via-gaming is not new to school libraries (e.g., library review card games), empirical knowledge of videogames’ representational landscapes is needed to assist school librarians in developing instructional programming. This study examined representations of information across three distinct genres of mainstream videogames (shooters, action-adventure, and role-playing). Specifically, qualitative content analysis was used to examine the types of inscribed, information resources that players could use to generate solutions during problem-solving events. Across the three video gaming genres studied, there were seven strata of information: socially constructed, interpersonal, environmental, process, resource, task, and symbolic stratums. The results of this study could assist school librarians in (1) designing instructional lessons around videogames and/or (2) guiding students through the process of transporting meanings from the domain of gaming to other domains (e.g., academic, community, and everyday information problem-solving).

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Advances in Librarianship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-979-4

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Article
Publication date: 8 February 2021

Shim Lew, Tugce Gul and John L. Pecore

Simulation technology has been used as a viable alternative to provide a real life setting in teacher education. Applying mixed-reality classroom simulations to English for…

774

Abstract

Purpose

Simulation technology has been used as a viable alternative to provide a real life setting in teacher education. Applying mixed-reality classroom simulations to English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) teacher preparation, this qualitative case study aims to examine how pre-service teachers (PSTs) practice culturally and linguistically responsive teaching to work with an English learner (EL) avatar and other avatar students.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an embedded single case study, three PSTs’ teaching simulations and interviews were collected and analyzed.

Findings

This study found PST participants made meaningful connections between theory and practices of culturally and linguistically responsive teaching, particularly by connecting academic concepts to students’ life experiences, promoting cultural diversity, using instructional scaffolding and creating a safe environment. Nevertheless, they needed further improvement in incorporating cultural diversity into content lessons, creating a challenging and supportive classroom and developing interactional scaffolding for ELs’ language development. The findings also show that while PST participants perceived simulation technology as very beneficial, expanding the range of technological affordances could provide PSTs an opportunity to undertake a full range of critical teaching strategies for ELs.

Originality/value

This research contributes to broadening the realm of mixed-reality technology by applying it to ESOL teacher education and has implications for both ESOL teacher educators and simulation technology researchers.

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Book part
Publication date: 30 January 2014

Ashley Gromis

Campaign songs have been staples of U.S. presidential elections for more than 200 years, but have undergone important changes in not only structure over time, but who uses them…

Abstract

Campaign songs have been staples of U.S. presidential elections for more than 200 years, but have undergone important changes in not only structure over time, but who uses them and why. Following a discussion of the concentration of the American popular music industry and the shift from party-based to ideology-driven electoral politics, a two-dimension typology and hypotheses are formulated to help discern the distinct roles of these institutions in the transformation of the U.S. presidential campaign song. Data was systematically collected on the most prominent songs associated with each presidential campaign from 1788 to the present. In order to provide greater context for the use of songs in presidential campaigns over time, additional newspaper articles were collected for four elections. Results suggest that changes in the structure of the American music industry and the organization of presidential campaigns significantly affect the form of U.S. presidential campaign songs.

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Voices of Globalization
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-546-3

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Book part
Publication date: 11 December 2023

Gráinne Perkins

Free Access. Free Access

Abstract

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Danger in Police Culture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-113-4

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Book part
Publication date: 13 October 2016

Florian Bauer, Svante Schriber, David R. King and Borislav Uzelac

Acquisition integration is important to realize synergies and to achieve acquisition success. However, there is a lack of clarity on pertinent integration approaches suggesting…

Abstract

Acquisition integration is important to realize synergies and to achieve acquisition success. However, there is a lack of clarity on pertinent integration approaches suggesting that integration is more complex and dynamic than traditionally assumed. In this chapter, we shed light on ambiguous cause effect relationships by investigating the effect of integration related decisions on intermediate goals. Additionally, we argue that entrepreneurial integration skills, or proactivity under ambiguity, are needed to keep pace with the dynamism inherent in acquisition integration. Based on primary data on 116 acquisitions, we find that entrepreneurial integration skills can display both advantages and disadvantages. While it helps to realize expected and serendipitous synergies, it can also trigger employee uncertainty due to decreased transparency. In supplementary analysis, we show measures to outperform with various integration approaches. Implications for management research and practice are identified.

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Mergers and Acquisitions, Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-371-9

Keywords

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Abstract

Details

Advances in Library Administration and Organization
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-7623-1410-2

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 27 December 2022

Giacomo Frulla, Enrico Cestino, Federico Cumino, Alessio Piccolo, Nicola Giulietti, Eugenio Fossat and Ehsan Kharrazi

The purpose of this study is to investigate a new and innovative sandwich material evaluating its capability for use in space habitat structural components in deployable and…

1615

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate a new and innovative sandwich material evaluating its capability for use in space habitat structural components in deployable and foldable configurations. The main habitat requirements were considered in the preliminary design of a typical space outpost, proposing a preliminary architecture.

Design/methodology/approach

The stiffness properties of the innovative sandwich (MAdFlex ®) were evaluated using numerical and experimental investigations. Four-point bending tests were performed for complete sandwich characterization. Numerical FE simulations were performed using typical material properties and performance. The application to a space habitat main structure as a basic material has also been discussed and presented.

Findings

MAdFlex basic stiffness performances have been determined considering its double behavior: sufficiently stiff if loaded in a specific direction, flexible if loaded in the opposite direction and enhanced folding performance. Successful application to a typical space habitat confirms the validity and convenience of such a material in designing alternative structures.

Research limitations/implications

The innovative material demonstrates wide potential for structural application and design in demanding space situations under operating conditions and in stored ones at launch.

Practical implications

Several simple deployable structural components can be designed and optimized both for the space environment and for the more traditional terrestrial applications.

Social implications

Simplification in structural design can be derived from deployable low-weight items.

Originality/value

Innovative customized material in sandwich configuration has been proposed and investigated with the aim to demonstrate its potentiality and validity in alternative design architecture.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 95 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

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