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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2000

K. Rashid, J.A. Ramírez and E.M. Freeman

Many engineering optimisation problems are difficult to describe mathematically and as such can not be easily optimised. Recently attention has focussed on developing methods to…

348

Abstract

Many engineering optimisation problems are difficult to describe mathematically and as such can not be easily optimised. Recently attention has focussed on developing methods to create approximations of the real object function using numerical model data instead. The approximated function can then be optimised using a suitable optimisation method. This paper describes the extraction of derivative information from a neuro‐fuzzy system. Subsequently, this permits the application of classic deterministic optimisation methods in order to identify the global minimum of any approximated objective function. For non‐differentiable functions this approach is of great benefit. Results from an analytical optimisation example, in which the objective function and the solution are known, and a two variable loudspeaker optimisation problem are discussed. In both cases, the neuro‐fuzzy system worked well to model the physical problem and the extracted derivative served to locate the minimum.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2001

K. Rashid, M. Farina, J.A. Ramirez, J.K. Sykulski and E.M. Freeman

When dealing with problems entailing time consuming finite element solutions alternative methods are sought which can reduce the number of function calls whilst preserving…

354

Abstract

When dealing with problems entailing time consuming finite element solutions alternative methods are sought which can reduce the number of function calls whilst preserving solution accuracy. Two different strategies for practical electromagnetic design and optimisation are presented and compared. The main features and performance of each are described and evaluated on an analytical and a physical problem.

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COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 20 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 30 April 2024

Farooq H. Ali, Mushtaq F. Almensoury, Atheer Saad Hashim, Qusay Rasheed Al-Amir, Hameed K. Hamzah and M. Hatami

This paper aims to study the effect of concentric hot circular cylinder inside egg-cavity porous-copper nanofluid on natural convection phenomena.

109

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to study the effect of concentric hot circular cylinder inside egg-cavity porous-copper nanofluid on natural convection phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach

The finite element method–based Galerkin approach is applied to solve numerically the set of governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions.

Findings

The effects of different range parameters, such as Darcy number (10–3 = Da = 10–1), Rayleigh number (103 = Ra = 106), nanoparticle volume fraction (0 = ϑ = 0.06) and eccentricity (−0.3 = e = 0.1) on the fluid flow represent by stream function and heat transfer represent by temperature distribution, local and average Nusselt numbers.

Research limitations/implications

A comparison between oval shape and concentric circular concentric cylinder was investigated.

Originality/value

In the current numerical study, heat transfer by natural convection was identified inside the new design of egg-shaped cavity as a result of the presence of a circular inside it supported by a porous medium filled with a nanofluid. After reviewing previous studies and considering the importance of heat transfer by free convection inside tubes for many applications, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current work is the first study that deals with a study and comparison between the common shape (concentric circular tubes) and the new shape (egg-shaped cavity).

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 34 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 17 December 2024

Maryam Javed, Nadia Nasir, Adnan Bashir, Kashif Mehmood and Hammad Akhtar

This study aims to analyze chief executive officer (CEO) duality in corporate governance by using Scopus data. It explores CEO duality research trends across diverse corporate…

29

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to analyze chief executive officer (CEO) duality in corporate governance by using Scopus data. It explores CEO duality research trends across diverse corporate governance contexts and disciplines, shaping the future research agenda, and proposing recommendations for further investigations in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

This analysis is conducted through VOSviewer software and Biblioshiny by extracting the bibliometric network from the output files of the Scopus bibliographic database.

Findings

Research on CEO duality centers on keywords such as corporate governance, agency theory, board of directors, board size and firm performance. Word tree maps uncover various research areas and gaps. Top authors are Elsyed K. & Rashid K, with the University of Utara Malaysia as the leading organization. Main disciplines are “Business Management and Accounting” followed by “Economics.” “Corporate Governance: An International Review” tops the journals with 1,120 citations. Quantitative methods using secondary data dominate (94%), mostly from nonfinancial industries (96%). Theoretical lenses include agency theory, stewardship theory, stakeholder theory, resource dependence theory and institutional theory. Firm performance is the most researched aspect (38% of studies) concerning CEO duality.

Practical implications

Bibliometric and systematic analysis offer researchers a general overview and in-depth insights into current CEO duality research trends, influential articles and keywords in corporate governance. This study’s findings benefit research institutions, professional bibliometric users and funding agencies alike.

Originality/value

By visualizing bibliometric networks and conducting systematic analysis of top-cited articles, this study not only advances the academic understanding of CEO duality in corporate governance but also provides actionable recommendations for researchers, practitioners and policymakers to enhance governance practices and contribute to the field’s evolving body of knowledge.

Details

Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1472-0701

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Article
Publication date: 20 May 2024

Abdullah Al Masud and Burhan Uluyol

Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a major milestone for a company. It allows a private company to issue shares to a much broader group of investors and become public. But…

121

Abstract

Purpose

Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a major milestone for a company. It allows a private company to issue shares to a much broader group of investors and become public. But conclusive evidence of the driving forces behind investors’ demand is yet to be identified. Therefore, the major purpose of this study is to assess the level of investors’ demand in IPO and how investors’ demand in IPOs is affected.

Design/methodology/approach

The study will employ 80 IPO companies of a Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, starting from 2013 to 2021 with application of linear and quantile regressions. Apart from that, t-test will be used to compare means of groups of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms and IPOs under fixed-price and book-building mechanism.

Findings

Oversubscription is higher for IPOs issued through fixed-price method compared to book-building method, but no significant difference is found in oversubscription for Shariah firms compared to non-Shariah firms based on t-tests. The authors found IPO size, firm size, IPO risk, proportion of shares offered to public, and bank interest rate to have significant impact on the IPO demand. Some models found non-Shariah compliance status of IPO companies to be a significant factor for the investors to demand IPO. Quantile regression results found board independence to have a positive association with larger, less-subscribed firms and board size to have a negative relation with IPO demand, for smaller firms with high demand.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies may apply the findings to other settings, especially into the reasons behind preference for non-Shariah-compliant firms and higher demand for IPOs during higher interest rate. Equity issuing firms and issue managers can benefit from this study by wisely deciding on the proportion of shares for public, issue size and board of director composition. Shariah considerations cannot be ignored given that more information on Shariah compliance is disseminated among investors despite current non-preference for Shariah-compliant IPOs. On the other hand, institutional investors and general investors should consider firm-specific, governance and macroeconomic factors in IPO investment. Likewise, regulators would do well to bring in quality IPOs with characteristics mentioned in this study for ensuring stability of the market.

Originality/value

The main contribution of the study is identifying determinants of IPO demand: faith, governance, macro issues – understanding whether one or many of the above factors drive investor demand in IPOs of a Muslim-majority country will be the main contribution.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

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Publication date: 13 August 2024

Patricia Guerrero, David F. Arena and Kristen P. Jones

While scholarship has identified the bias that maternal women (Arena et al., 2023; Grandey et al., 2020) and racial minority employees (King et al., in press) endure, few have…

Abstract

While scholarship has identified the bias that maternal women (Arena et al., 2023; Grandey et al., 2020) and racial minority employees (King et al., in press) endure, few have taken aim at understanding how these identity characteristics might combine to concomitantly shape work experiences. Drawing from stigma theory (Goffman, 1963), the primary purpose of our chapter is to examine how the stereotypes of maternity might interact with race-based stereotypes to shape the experiences of working women. In doing so, we will be able to identify which stereotypes of maternity (i.e., incompetence or disloyalty; Grandey et al., 2020) might be exacerbated or weakened when varying race-based stereotypes are considered. After reviewing the potential for intersecting stereotypes, we then argue that mothers might experience different work and health outcomes – both pre- and postpartum – based on their race. We close by providing insight for future scholars and identify additional identity characteristics that may shape mothers' workplace experiences.

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Article
Publication date: 27 August 2024

Waqas Mehmood, Rasidah Mohd-Rashid, Ruzita Abdul-Rahim and Attia Aman-Ullah

A critical factor to the success of IPOs is investor demand, which can be observed from the IPO subscription pattern. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the…

135

Abstract

Purpose

A critical factor to the success of IPOs is investor demand, which can be observed from the IPO subscription pattern. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the studies on the demand of IPOs, including empirical and theoretical literature, due to the substantial growth of IPOs over the last two decades.

Design/methodology/approach

This study extracted secondary data regarding IPO demand published from 1988 to 2022 from the Scopus database. We conducted a meta-literature review for qualitative and quantitative methods on the resulting 284 articles using citation analysis (Harzing’s Publish or Perish and VOS viewer software) and content analysis.

Findings

The findings revealed significant elements of the literature, including countries, institutions, journals, authors, articles and topics. Based on the IPO literature review and analyses, this paper developed future research questions to facilitate an extension of the research. Additionally, this paper developed a dual perspective of the present state of IPO research. First, it asserts that the demand for IPOs is not limited to certain countries, jurisdictions or vintages. Second, there are very few studies on demand for IPOs available despite IPOs’ economic worth.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to present an empirical evaluation of demand for IPOs using inclusive mapping.

Details

EuroMed Journal of Business, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1450-2194

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Article
Publication date: 29 April 2021

Ameer Sardar Rashid, Kifah Tout and Ammar Yakan

This study attempts to find out the impact of the human behavioral factors (HBFs) including emotion, factors of deals with processes within and between groups as well as with the…

1370

Abstract

Purpose

This study attempts to find out the impact of the human behavioral factors (HBFs) including emotion, factors of deals with processes within and between groups as well as with the impact of these processes on individuals’ attitudes and moods, personality, beliefs and values, perception and motivation on the knowledge management system–cycles (KMS-Cs) which comprises sharing; it considers findings from social psychology and discusses their applicability in knowledge management (KM) research and practice; social psychological concepts that strongly influence knowledge processes in organizations are first introduced. It is creating, storing and transferring of academic staff while analyzing the certificates on the acquired behaviors and knowledge which were involved in each of the communications, decision-making, creating new ideas, providing new knowledge, idea diversity, progressing, enhancing and improving the organization, using up-to-date technology and proactivity between the independent and dependent variables. In order to test the study hypotheses, data of 219 respondents working at the University of Sulaimani were collected. The results of the study revealed the academic staff psychology effect on KMS-Cs with a substantial relationship between the HBFs and cycles of KM during academic and administrative work. Also, it surged their academic staff efficiency through a conceptual model called KM behavior (KMB); knowledge management systems (KMSs) are applications of the organization's communication and information systems (CISs) designed to support the various KM processes. They are generally not technologically distinct from the CISs but rely on databases, such as those designed to put organizational participants in contact with recognized experts in a variety of topic areas (Yakan, 2008; Al Hayani, 2020). Information technology (IT) used in KM is known as KMS. In general, KMSs are computer systems that enable organizations to manage knowledge that is efficient and cost-effective. KMS is a class of information systems applied to the management of organizational knowledge. KMS is a system that increases organizational performance by enabling employees to make better decisions when applying their knowledge as part of their daily business activities.

Design/methodology/approach

Research hypotheses Ho: HBFs and KMS-Cs are not correlated. H1: HBFs have no impact on KMS-Cs. H2: certificates have no effect on HBFs and KMS-Cs. Data collection and sample demographics: in this study, the relevant information for assessing the HBFs and their impact on the KMS-Cs was gathered through a questionnaire survey. The HBF was measured using the following items: emotions, attitudes and moods, personality, beliefs and values, perception and motivation. The knowledge management cycle (KMC) was measured using the following items: knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, knowledge storing and knowledge transfer. The total number of employees at the University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniya, at the time of data collection (May, 2019) was 117. Since the information available on the number of academic staff at the University of Sulaimani is according to the departments, this study employed a proportionate stratified random sampling method to select the number of academic staff from colleges and departments at the University of Sulaimani. The total number of academic staff at the University of Sulaimaniis is 1,740. Therefore, the appropriate sample size for this study is at least 5% of the population (i.e. 90 respondents) (Langham, 1999). The questionnaire was administered personally through Google Form where questionnaires were collected from the respondents. Examination of the response rate shows that the response rate for this study is excellent. The research instrument consists of two main sections. The first section incorporates a nominal scale to identify respondents' demographic information. The second section uses the five-point Likert-type scale from fully disagree (1) to fully agree (5). All of the measurement items went through backward translation (translated from English into Korean and back into English) to ensure consistency and to resolve discrepancies between the two versions of the instrument (Mullen, 1995; Aldiabat et al., 2018). The participants were almost equal in terms of gender, 59 were males and 58 were females. The certificate for each one of the PhD, MSc and BSc was 39 participants. The number of participants whose age was between 23 and 32 years was 26, between 33 and 42 years was 50, between 43 and 52 years was 29, between 53 and 62 years was 10 and above 62 years was 2. Validity and reliability: in addition to the steps mentioned earlier to assess the validity and reliability of the study tools, a further test was executed. The reliability to measure many inner variables in regularity, Cronbach’s alpha is generally utilized in order to evaluate it and the value should exceed 0.70 for each variable (Alharbi, and Drew, 2014) (Table 1). Cronbach's alpha regards to the test of reliability of a skill for each of the HBF and KMC.

Findings

The study is considered the organizations relationship between HBFs and KMS-Cs and the influence of the factors on the cycles. So, the new ideas emerge to create knowledge about product development among employees. The group experience works as an essential element (Grimsdottir and Edvardsson, 2018). Knowledge resides in human minds and, as a result, employee behavior and explanatory skills are the key drivers of KM (Prieto and Revilla, 2005). First, knowledge creation, sharing and storing is increased when the organization has motivated the employees. Second, knowledge is shared rapidly when the employees have owned a strong personality, new idea, impression and perception. Third, both the beliefs and values lead to creating new knowledge when the employees obtained it inside the organization. Then, the emotion factors illustrated the weak relation with knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, knowledge storing and knowledge transfer.

Originality/value

Knowledge is considered as a great factor in achieving organizational goals (Hammami and Alkhaldi, 2017). Therefore, this study has explained that knowledge is an essential element for employees and organizations. Furthermore, it progresses the skills and capabilities during the job. Nevertheless, this knowledge is impacted through human behaviors because the behavior evolves crucial factors that help the academic staff to create, share, store and transfer the knowledge through motivation, perception, personality, attitudes, moods, beliefs and values. Knowledge sharing is a culture of social interaction involving the exchange of knowledge, experiences and skills of employees across the organization (Zugang et al., 2018). Organizations need to pay particular attention to the method of communication used where knowledge becomes useless if employees are not encouraged to study and use it in their daily activities (Boatca et al., 2018). Knowledge sharing can be achieved by taking into account technical standards (KMS), social standards (environment) and personality (motivation) (Özlen, 2017).

Details

Business Process Management Journal, vol. 27 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-7154

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Article
Publication date: 29 July 2022

A.W. Ainol-Basirah and A.K. Siti-Nabiha

This paper aims to systematically review studies of waqf accountability to conceptualise accountability in this unique setting.

940

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to systematically review studies of waqf accountability to conceptualise accountability in this unique setting.

Design/methodology/approach

This review followed the realist and meta-narrative evidence syntheses guidelines for meta-narrative review and used systematic searching for studies related to accountability in waqf institutions, based on the two main social sciences databases (Scopus and Web of Science). Thematic analysis was used to assess patterns regarding how researchers approached the concept of accountability in their studies, along with the context, the theories and the methods they used.

Findings

The number of research papers investigating the issue of waqf institutions’ accountability was severely limited in comparison to the growing literature on waqf institutions themselves. Existing research varies, with accountability practices understood through accounting, reporting and management perspectives, holistic accountability and studying various aspects antecedent to the achievement of accountability, such as governance, performance measurement and intellectual capital.

Originality/value

This study was conducted to fill the gap regarding a systematic review placing specific focus on accountability in the waqf institutional setting. The narrative from the review and suggestions for future research are provided to strengthen understanding of the current state of knowledge on accountability and direction, to enhance its usefulness in both theoretical building and practical improvement.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

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Article
Publication date: 12 September 2017

Ferdous Farhana Huq, Rabeya Akter, Roxana Hafiz, Abdullah Al Mamun and Mashrekur Rahman

Built heritage is a unique resource, an irreplaceable expression of the richness and diversity of our past and of the generations who have gone before us. Old Dhaka has an…

647

Abstract

Purpose

Built heritage is a unique resource, an irreplaceable expression of the richness and diversity of our past and of the generations who have gone before us. Old Dhaka has an outstanding built heritage that is of significance not only in the local, but also in a national and regional context. But senseless urbanization and ignorance of such an important issue in the existing detailed area plan is destroying the built heritages of Dhaka. As a result, many heritage buildings of Dhaka have been destroyed and the destruction is going on unabated. Therefore, there is a need to re-examine how such destruction can be prevented. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This research aims at the identification of heritages, their assessment and classification which is utterly significant for preserving the invaluable heritages. Heritages are classified according to their present condition which will show which type of heritage needs which type of attention.

Findings

The research indicates the way how a conservation planning for heritages can be done in a systematic and logical way. It reveals the present condition of the heritage buildings which will point out the way of preservation. There is no such document available which will tell general people about the most important or rare or significant heritages, the location of these heritages, or their background information. This research addresses these all issues.

Originality/value

To date, no conservation plans were implemented for Dhaka and there are no attempts to improve Old Dhaka through an urban design. The methodological approach in this research is new and effective for conserving heritages.

Details

Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1266

Keywords

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