Y. Kobayashi, S. Ishida, K. Ihara, Y. Yasuda and T. Morita
This work describes a metal-metal bonding process by the use of Cu nanoparticles as a filler material. The Cu particles used were prepared by reduction of Cu2+ with hydrazine in…
Abstract
This work describes a metal-metal bonding process by the use of Cu nanoparticles as a filler material. The Cu particles used were prepared by reduction of Cu2+ with hydrazine in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a dispersing agent (uncoated Cu particles). Polypyrrole (PPy)-coated Cu nanoparticles were also used as the filler. Strong bonding for Cu discs was not obtained by using the PPy-coated particles. For the uncoated Cu particles, a shear strength required for separating the discs bonded by annealing at 400°C in H2 gas was as large as 18.1 MPa.
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The subject of this paper is high temperature corrosion in chlorine and hydrogen chloride gaseous environments. The discussion will be limited to metals and alloys such as iron…
Abstract
The subject of this paper is high temperature corrosion in chlorine and hydrogen chloride gaseous environments. The discussion will be limited to metals and alloys such as iron and carbon steel, iron‐chromium alloys and stainless steels, nickel and nickel alloys which are of interest in the petroleum industry.
This chapter examines possible regulatory updates to address the challenges of monetary sovereignty and singleness of money. These two challenges are particularly pertinent to the…
Abstract
This chapter examines possible regulatory updates to address the challenges of monetary sovereignty and singleness of money. These two challenges are particularly pertinent to the new means of payments enabled by the use of distributed ledger technology (DLT). These new means of payment include cryptoassets such as bitcoin and ether, stablecoins and tokenized deposits. The degree to which these new means of payment can be a threat to monetary sovereignty and singleness of money can differ widely, depending on the contexts of the jurisdictions, as well as the details of these new means of payment themselves.
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This chapter starts by reviewing four broad regulatory approaches that exemplified state-of-the-art in major jurisdictions: market-driven approach (the United States)…
Abstract
This chapter starts by reviewing four broad regulatory approaches that exemplified state-of-the-art in major jurisdictions: market-driven approach (the United States), state-driven approach (China), rights-driven approach (the European Union) and innovation-driven approach (the United Kingdom, Singapore, Hong Kong SAR). This chapter then examines possible regulatory updates with regards to walled gardens and shadow banking, the first two of the challenges first identified in Chapter 3. The next two chapters will then examine possible regulatory updates to address the remaining challenges identified.
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This paper reviews some of the important processes underlying high temperature degradation of structural materials used in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Particular…
Abstract
This paper reviews some of the important processes underlying high temperature degradation of structural materials used in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Particular emphasis is palced in degradation processes involving the interaction of structural metals and alloys with environments containing sulfidizing, carburizing, and halogenizing species. In addition the effect of gaseous hydrogen environments at elevated temperatures and pressures on the mechanical properties of steels will be discussed. The mechanism of attack and the effect of alloying elements in these phenomena will be described and discussed.
The aim of this paper is to outline an innovative multilevel conceptual model capable of explaining “karoshi” (death from overwork) and its relationship to molecular-, micro-…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to outline an innovative multilevel conceptual model capable of explaining “karoshi” (death from overwork) and its relationship to molecular-, micro-, meso- and macro-competitive productivity (CP).
Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical model, grounded in the evolutionary biological, psychological, organizational and sociological literatures, is provided.
Findings
Karoshi is a function of molecular (genetic), micro (individual), meso (organizational) and macro (cultural) evolutionary forces. It is also demonstrated to be a function of time, geography, agri-climate and cultural and ethnic homogeneity.
Research limitations/implications
The analysis is purely theoretical and its theoretically informed hypotheses are not tested empirically. As such, further data-driven research is indicated. Additional analyses are also needed to further unpack the recursive nature of the relationship between karoshi and CP and the subtle differences between genetic evolution and cultural and organizational evolution.
Practical implications
Karoshi-related deaths are a public health epidemic and increasingly a major obstacle to sustainable CP. As such, organizations can leverage these analyses to help them implement interventions aimed at reducing incidents of work-related deaths, not only in Japan, but across the world.
Originality/value
This multilevel conceptual framework makes a unique contribution to the cross-cultural and strategic management literatures. More specifically, it constitutes a new and innovative contribution to one’s current understanding of CP by uniquely integrating biology, psychology, organization studies and cultural studies into one overarching model.
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Timothy S. Rich, Andi Dahmer and Carolyn Brueggemann
This article addresses Taiwanese public opinion on same-sex marriage, connecting it to the 2020 general election.
Abstract
Purpose
This article addresses Taiwanese public opinion on same-sex marriage, connecting it to the 2020 general election.
Design/methodology/approach
Original survey data are combined with analysis of the existing literature and 2020 election results.
Findings
Original survey data find that nearly one in five respondents have changed their views on same-sex marriage since its legalization, with most of those who have changed their views more opposed to legalization than before. However, this shift and its related support for the Kuomintang (KMT) do not appear to have influenced election results.
Social implications
The results suggest that positions on same-sex marriage remain somewhat in flux, while the success of the pro-legalization Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) may lead to additional LGBT rights.
Originality/value
This combines original survey data with election results to analyze the effects of same-sex marriage legalization on the election outcome.
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H.Z. Shams, M.H. Helal and F.A. Mohamed
Three series of azo dye systems are considered, namely, 5‐oxo‐2‐pyrazoline azo dye systems 9 a‐d,1‐oxo‐pyrazolo pyrazole azo dye systems 10 a, b, c, e, 11 a, b, c, e, 12 a, b, c…
Abstract
Three series of azo dye systems are considered, namely, 5‐oxo‐2‐pyrazoline azo dye systems 9 a‐d,1‐oxo‐pyrazolo pyrazole azo dye systems 10 a, b, c, e, 11 a, b, c, e, 12 a, b, c, e, 13 a‐d and 6‐oxo‐pyranopyrzole azo dye systems 14 a‐d. The shifts of ultraviolet‐visible absorption maxima affected by the structural configuration of the pyrazole dye systems are investigated. The structural effects of the polyfunctionally substituted pyrazole dye systems on the intensity of colour and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics are also discussed. The data of these studies are listed. Colour shades of the synthesized dyes on nylon and acetate fabrics are indicated.
Yoshio Kobayashi, Tetsuya Ayame, Kyosuke Shibuya, Tomohiko Nakagawa, Yohsuke Kubota, Kohsuke Gonda and Noriaki Ohuchi
This paper aims to propose a simple method for stabilizing silica-coated silver iodide (AgI/SiO2) core-shell particles, of which a colloid solution functions as an X-ray contrast…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a simple method for stabilizing silica-coated silver iodide (AgI/SiO2) core-shell particles, of which a colloid solution functions as an X-ray contrast agent.
Design/methodology/approach
A colloid solution of AgI nanoparticles was prepared by mixing silver perchlorate and potassium iodide in water. The AgI/SiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated by a sol-gel method using NaOH, H2O and tetraethylorthosilicate in ethanol in the presence of AgI nanoparticles surface-modified with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Findings
The silica shells of AgI/SiO2 particles were dissolved near the AgI nanoparticle surface, when they were washed by a process composed of centrifugation, removal of supernatant with decantation, addition of water as a washing solution and a shake with a vortex mixer. In contrast, the shells were not damaged by using ethanol as the washing solution, i.e. ethanol-washing. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the silica was changed after the ethanol-washing, which indicated that the ethanol-washing had an effect on the chemical bonds in silica. The effect also acted on the silica shells of AgI/SiO2 particles, which did not damage the core-shell structure, i.e. controlled the dissolution of shell.
Originality/value
The paper demonstrates that the ethanol-washing is quite useful for stabilizing the core-shell structure composed of the silica shells.
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In this paper, it can be seen from AFM images of the as-deposited ZnO and CZO films, and the particle size and shape are not clear, while by increasing annealing temperature, they…
Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, it can be seen from AFM images of the as-deposited ZnO and CZO films, and the particle size and shape are not clear, while by increasing annealing temperature, they become distinguishable. By increasing temperature to 600°C, ZnO and CZO, CAZO and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films particles became almost spherical. Due to high content of Cu in CZO target, and of Al in AZO target which was 5% weight ratio, doping plays a great role in the subject. Therefore, the annealing processing strongly affect the size and the shape of nanoparticles.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors tried to study, in detail, nobel optical characterizations of ZnO films doped by transition metals in different annealing temperature. The authors found that the values of skin depth, optical density, electron–phonon interaction, steepness parameter, band tail width, direct and indirect carriers transitions and the dissipation factor, free carriers density and roughness of films affect the optical properties, especially the optical absorptions of ZnO films doped by transition metals. Also these properties were affected by annealing temperatures. The authors also found that topography characterizations strongly were affected by these parameters.
Findings
The CZO films have maximum value of coordination number ß, with considering NC = 4, Za = 2, Ne = 8. The CZO films annealed at 500 °C have maximum value of optical density. The as-deposited CAZO films have maximum value of steepness parameters in about of 0.13 eV. The as-deposited AZO films have maximum value of dispersion energy Ed in about of 5.75 eV. Optical gap and disordering energy plots of films can be fitted by linear relationships Eg = 0.49 + 0.2 EU and Eg = 0.52 + 0.5 EU, respectively.
Originality/value
With considering Nc = 4, Za = 2, Ne = 8 for ZnO films, coordination number ß has maximum value of 0.198. CZO nanocomposites films annealed at 500°C have maximum value of optical density. Different linear fitting of ln (α) for films were obtained as y = Ax + B where 5<A < 17 and 5<B < 12. As-deposited CAZO nanocomposites films have minimum value of electron phonon interaction in about of 4.91 eV. Optical gap and disordering energy plots can be fitted by linear relationships Eg = 0.49 + 0.2 EU and Eg = 0.52 + 0.5 EU for as-deposited films and films annealed at 500°C, respectively. Steepness parameters of as-deposited CAZO nanocomposites films have maximum value of 0.13 eV. Dispersion energy Ed for as-deposited AZO nanocomposites films has maximum value of 5.75 eV.