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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2014

C. Lowe, K. Gaudion, C. McGinley and Alex Kew

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a people-centred, design-led approach to the different needs and aspirations of adults with autism could help inform the design of…

1896

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a people-centred, design-led approach to the different needs and aspirations of adults with autism could help inform the design of space, objects and activities for individuals in their own homes to enhance everyday life experiences. There are dozens of studies that have reported the health benefits associated with good design and the Kingwood Trust set out to research what that might mean for the adults with autism it supports.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper describes three projects: Housing Design, Garden Design and Exploring Sensory Preferences whose design interventions were realised through a process of design ethnography, to include and work with the people that Kingwood support who have limited verbal speech and learning disabilities. Participatory observation, co-design workshops, interviews, visual probes and mapping tools were created to gather insights about how a person perceives and engages with the physical environment, with a particular focus on their sensory sensitivities and special interests.

Findings

The outcome of the project is a holistic, design-led approach to identifying the sensory preferences and special interests of adults with autism to inform the design of residential accommodation. A second project will be published at a later date, which will test and evaluate the effectiveness of the design interventions described in this paper as part of a PhD by practice supported by Kingwood Trust.

Originality/value

Autistic adults with limited verbal speech and additional learning disabilities, are often excluded from design research. This paper bridges this gap by selecting and adapting design methods that invite the people that Kingwood support to be active participants within the design process. The revised DSM-5 is an important milestone that puts the sensory environment back onto the roadmap within autism research, however the relationship between people with autism and the physical environment is a relatively under-researched area. This paper bridges this gap in research and illustrates how an autistic person's interaction and reaction to their home environment, can create understanding, tangible insights and clues to inform the design and adaptation of environments to reduce triggers of anxiety, making them more comfortable, enjoyable and meaningful for that person.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 30 January 2025

Madeleine Ella Granland, Toar Sadia and Elizabeth Cooper

This study explored the relationship between architectural excellence and designing for neurodiversity in museums and galleries. It examined the conflicts and overlaps in design…

29

Abstract

Purpose

This study explored the relationship between architectural excellence and designing for neurodiversity in museums and galleries. It examined the conflicts and overlaps in design preferences between neurodivergent groups in relation to the materials and spatial layout of museums and galleries. It also compares these design preferences to existing theories of architectural excellence.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods approach was used including an online survey directed at neurodivergent populations that generated 281 survey responses (from 23 countries). Survey results were analysed alongside seven interviews with neurodivergent people that were conducted in three case study museums: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, British Museum, and Mathematics: The Winton Gallery, Science Museum. In both the survey and interviews, a diverse range of neurodivergent conditions were recorded.

Findings

Results showed that almost half of neurodivergent participants are avoiding museums and galleries due to sensory overload or underload. Participants indicated that sensory mapping in 3D/isometric formats would assist with managing their experience when visiting these sites. The findings suggested that preferences for architectural features (such as layouts and materials) were associated more strongly with individual preference than neurodivergent condition.

Originality/value

The study found that applying elements of prospect, refuge and context theory were successful predictors of design preferences for neurodivergent populations. Therefore, the application of these themes is expected to lead to improved visitor experiences in museums and galleries. Future research should expand on the use of prospect, refuge and context theories when designing for neurodiversity.

Details

Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2631-6862

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Article
Publication date: 31 March 2022

Joan Scott Love

The study aims to evaluate: (1) How university students from interior architecture can create a forward-looking “Sensory Living” brief informed by both external autism experts and…

544

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to evaluate: (1) How university students from interior architecture can create a forward-looking “Sensory Living” brief informed by both external autism experts and a specialist tutor, evidenced through Leeds City Council's live autism adult accommodation project. (2) Issues involved with moving an experimental studio teaching model online during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

A grounded theory approach informs an innovative teaching model, run over two years, to create a better normal; challenges and opportunities are critiqued.

Findings

Feedback from experienced autism-specific experts raises recurring sensory and communication issues which frame a series of design problems to help inform the student briefs. Students learn that the designer as advocate for vulnerable users is imperative. Aspects of online teaching that can benefit an experimental studio teaching model are identified.

Practical implications

Identification of the responsive “Sensory Living Model” illustrates (1) How local authorities can avoid seclusion and integrate meaningful “continuous learning opportunities” into autism-friendly adult accommodation for post-pandemic health and wellbeing. (2) How to embed autism-friendly design in the university curriculum.

Social implications

The study helps address some of the UK Government's “National strategy for autistic children, young people and adults: 2021 to 2026”.

Originality/value

“Ten Novel Sensory Living Themes” are uncovered to help inform the design of autism-friendly adult accommodation. These are of value to (1) local authorities and design practitioners in formulating design briefs and (2) universities in educating future designers of inclusive spaces.

Details

Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2631-6862

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Article
Publication date: 30 December 2022

Phuong Nguyen, Viviana d'Auria and Ann Heylighen

This scoping review aims to (1) summarize research and design writings on residential design for adults on the autism spectrum in peer-reviewed and grey literature, (2) identify…

261

Abstract

Purpose

This scoping review aims to (1) summarize research and design writings on residential design for adults on the autism spectrum in peer-reviewed and grey literature, (2) identify research gaps in this field and (3) understand the concept of independent living based on this literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic search was conducted in seven databases using 47 search terms related to residence, design and autism. It was supplemented with a manual search for recommended authors and architectural websites.

Findings

A final review of 37 sources highlighted that existing residential design guidelines are supported by weak evidence due to the lack of methods for involving and limited direct contact with autistic adults. Moreover, the needs of people living or working with them tend to be overlooked. Finally, the role of independent living has received little attention in the literature on residential design for adults on the spectrum.

Research limitations/implications

The findings show a need for taking on board autistic people's understanding of independent living. Future research about residential design for autistic adults should be conducted with them, in diverse housing settings, providing nuanced insight into their housing needs and those of the people around them.

Originality/value

This scoping review is the first to provide an overview of what is known about residential design for autistic adults with a focus on the concept of independent living.

Details

Open House International, vol. 48 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0168-2601

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Article
Publication date: 28 March 2022

Nigel Newbutt and Ryan Bradley

The potential of head mounted displays based virtual reality (HMD-based VR) for autistic groups has been well documented. However, the deployment and application of this…

412

Abstract

Purpose

The potential of head mounted displays based virtual reality (HMD-based VR) for autistic groups has been well documented. However, the deployment and application of this technology, especially in schools, has been extremely limited. One of the main criticisms in this field has been the lack of involvement from practitioners in research on educational approaches for autistic populations and the gap between research and practice in real-life settings.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual article focuses on our research in a UK-based special needs school that sought to examine the effects and potential use of VR-HMDs, while seeking to establish best practices for safe and ethical application using this technology. This draws upon ethical and participatory research guidance, including British Educational Research Association and Autism Participatory Research.

Findings

The authors make recommendations on planning and implementing a participatory, safe and ethical approach to researching the use of VR-HMDs in special needs schools and engaging with the priorities of autistic children and young people and their teachers.

Originality/value

This conceptual article provides an initial first consideration of ways we can better include autistic people and their views in research that is with and about them. The value in this will mean we are able to better support autistic groups moving ahead using VR HMD-based technologies. Without this paradigm shift and including autistic people (and their stakeholders) the field might continue to build initiatives around medical-based models of disabilities rather that what the community need/want.

Details

Journal of Enabling Technologies, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-6263

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Article
Publication date: 21 June 2023

Dhammika (Dave) Guruge

This study aims to evaluate employment opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities in publicly traded companies in New Zealand.

136

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate employment opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities in publicly traded companies in New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach

The diversity and inclusion (DI) policies of 163 publicly traded companies listed on the New Zealand equity market were examined and compared to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting standards using content analysis with Leximancer software.

Findings

Only 1.84% of publicly traded companies met all of the GRI reporting standards and disclosed information about the proportion of employees with disabilities in their DI policies.

Originality/value

To the best of the researcher's knowledge, disclosure of inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in publicly traded companies in New Zealand has not been studied. This study provides insights into the level of DI in the New Zealand equity market companies related to people with intellectual disabilities.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 28 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2006

Anna Gaudion, Jenny McLeish and Claire Homeyard

This article analyses provision of health and social care for pregnant women and new families who have been unsuccessful in their asylum claims in the United Kingdom. It…

186

Abstract

This article analyses provision of health and social care for pregnant women and new families who have been unsuccessful in their asylum claims in the United Kingdom. It identifies the contribution of maternity care to child health, and examines the implications of the legislation that excludes ‘failed’ asylum seekers from free NHS secondary health care and denies them housing and financial support. Finally, the article examines the impact on pregnant women and their babies of being held in removal (detention) centers.

Details

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-9894

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Article
Publication date: 20 June 2016

Jacqueline Barnes and Jane Stuart

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of delivering the group family nurse partnership (gFNP) programme, which combines elements of the family nurse partnership…

324

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of delivering the group family nurse partnership (gFNP) programme, which combines elements of the family nurse partnership (FNP) programme and Centering Pregnancy and is offered from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum to mothers under 25.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method descriptive feasibility study. Quantitative data from anonymised forms completed by nurses from November 2009 to May 2011 (pilot 1) and January 2012 to August 2013 (pilot 2) reporting referrals, attendance and client characteristics. Qualitative data collected between March 2010 and April 2011 (pilot 1) and November 2012 and November 2013 (pilot 2) from semi-structured interviews or focus groups with clients and practitioners.

Findings

There were challenges to reaching eligible clients. Uptake of gFNP was 57-74 per cent, attendance ranged from 39 to 55 per cent of sessions and attrition ranged from 30 to 50 per cent. Clients never employed attended fewest sessions overall compared to those working full time. The group format and the programme’s content were positively received by clients but many struggled to attend regularly. FNP practitioners were positive overall but involving community practitioners (pilot 2) placed more stress on them.

Research limitations/implications

Further feasibility and then cost and effectiveness research is necessary to determine the optimal staffing model.

Practical implications

The content and style of support of the home-based FNP programme, available only to first time mothers under 20, could be offered to women over 20 and to those who already have a child.

Social implications

A range of interventions is needed to support potentially vulnerable families.

Originality/value

This new complex intervention lacks evidence. This paper documents feasibility, the first step in a thorough evaluation process.

Details

Journal of Children's Services, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-6660

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Article
Publication date: 3 April 2020

Margaret Zimmerman and Heather Beam

The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the HISB of this group. Immigrants and refugees are at a heightened risk for negative health outcomes upon resettlement…

324

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the HISB of this group. Immigrants and refugees are at a heightened risk for negative health outcomes upon resettlement. However, little scholarship reports on the health information-seeking behaviors and information needs of this population.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reports the findings of a study into the health information-seeking behaviors of 85 immigrant and refugee women. Women were asked to fill out a survey in their native language with both multiple choice and open-ended questions that requested information on what health information they required the most, which means they used to get it and paired this with demographic information.

Findings

In their own words, the participants reported information requirements regarding dental care, nutrition, general, reproductive and child health, as well as assistance in navigating the healthcare system. However, they believed that medical professionals are the most reliable sources of information and that they frequently turned to less credible sources such as friends and family or the internet. This may be because of their self-reported barriers of language and cost, as wells difficulty in understanding how to obtain information in the USA. What sources the participants used and what their informational needs were was influenced by their age, education and time living in the USA. Some comparisons are made with a group of local women in a similar study conducted concurrently by the author.

Originality/value

The research presented in this study provides a clearer understanding of the health information requirements and behaviors of refugee and immigrant women.

Details

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-9894

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Article
Publication date: 16 November 2022

Mohd Nazri Ahmad, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Faizal Mustapha and Zulkiflle Leman

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, dimensional stability and porosity of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)–oil palm fiber…

319

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, dimensional stability and porosity of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)–oil palm fiber composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM).

Design/methodology/approach

A new feedstock material for FDM comprising oil palm fiber and ABS as a matrix was developed by a twin screw extruder. The composite filament contains 0, 3, 5 and 7 Wt.% of oil palm fiber in the ABS matrix. The tensile test is then performed on the fiber composite filament, and the wire diameter is measured. In this study, the Archimedes method was used to determine the density and the porosity of the filament. The outer surface of the wire composite was examined using an optical microscope, and the analysis of variance was used to assess the significance and the relative relevance of the primary factor.

Findings

The results showed that increasing the fiber loading from 0.15 to 0.4 MPa enhanced tensile strength by 60%. Then, from 16.1 to 18.3 MPa, the Young’s modulus rose by 22.8%. The density of extruded filament decreased and the percentage of porosity increased when the fiber loading was increased from 3 to 7 Wt.%. The diameter deviation of the extruded filaments varied from −0.21 to 0.04 mm.

Originality/value

This paper highlights a novel natural resource-based feedstock material for FDM. Its mechanical and physical properties were also discovered.

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