Virginia De Jorge-Huertas and Justo De Jorge-Moreno
This paper analyzes the regulatory effects on homeownership and rental prices in Spain in the years between 1977m1 and 2019m5, taking into account the economic crisis. It also…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper analyzes the regulatory effects on homeownership and rental prices in Spain in the years between 1977m1 and 2019m5, taking into account the economic crisis. It also studies the causal relationship of the prices of private housing (owned and rented).
Design/methodology/approach
Interrupted time series analysis has been used to analyze the legislative impact on the construction sector. Also, the Box–Cox transformation has been used to carry out the above analysis. Finally, Granger's test has made possible to determine the causal relationship between the price series.
Findings
The results obtained in this work show the partial positive effects of legislative instrumentalization, which in general result in decreasing trends of prices in both types of housing use. Likewise, the causal relationship between the prices of owned and rented housing shows that the latter do not provide any incentive with respect to the former.
Social implications
The social implications in this work could be important since this paper analyzes the effects of (de)regulation on housing prices in Spain, and the policy implications could help to control the speculation in housing.
Originality/value
The results obtained in this work could be relevant, both from the point of view of future housing policies and of the agents involved and that of society in general. In addition, this work could contribute to fill the existing gap in this field in Spain, given the scarce literature that raises the objective, using quantitative methodologies.
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Justo De Jorge-Moreno and Virignia De Jorge-Huertas
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a benchmark analysis of European cities based on the estimation of a composite index of efficiency from the dimensions of the Cultural and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a benchmark analysis of European cities based on the estimation of a composite index of efficiency from the dimensions of the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor 2017 (CCCM). The study helps to initiate a new exploration path based on this information, using a segmentation criterion of countries according to their economic and demographic characteristics, in search of greater comparative homogeneity.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the metafrontier methodological proposal with data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been used to compare the groups of cities individually with their joint reference.
Findings
The results obtained indicate, from a greater control of heterogeneity, through the segmentation of the sample of cities and the metafrontier methodology, that the composite index (IEC3) through the enveloping data analysis methodology (DEA) is more robust than that obtained with the arbitrary assignment of CCCM weights. The analyses carried out make it possible to study and conduct more real and rigorous comparisons of the cities that experience the best practices, unlike other more distant ones. Reference to cities such as Paris, Louvain and Cork could serve as a basis for possible improvements.
Originality/value
It is important to bear in mind that the possible urban policies of a city and the creative strategies and their derived impact are different, because of the diversity in each city. These new comparability possibilities could serve as a tool for economic policy makers, companies and local managers to carry out learning and simulation processes in the improvement of creative cities.
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Justo De Jorge-Moreno and Fernando Martín Meana
This study provides new results on the efficiency on health centers in Madrid (Spain).
Abstract
Purpose
This study provides new results on the efficiency on health centers in Madrid (Spain).
Design/methodology/approach
The objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of primary care centers in the Community of Madrid in the period 2016–2018. Special attention has been paid to the detailed study of the best practices carried out. Likewise, the factors affecting efficiency have been analyzed. The methodologies used were nonparametric DEA radial, nonradial and bootstrap, for the estimation of efficiency. The main results reveal that, despite the differences in the techniques used, fundamentally the radial versus non-radial criterion, the results dynamically show the deterioration of the efficiency of the health Centers of the Community of Madrid, when compared by subperiods 2017/18–2016/17. The benchmark analysis identified the best practices of the health centers in the period analyzed. The application of cluster analysis, through kernel distributions (Azzalini and Menardi, 2014), segments the sample in two, and shows the top 20% of health Centers in resource management, in the case of radial DEA. Subsequently, a detailed analysis using pairwise comparison and their presence in the formation of the production frontier captures the benchmark health Centers, as they are present in the three years analyzed in the formation of the production frontier. The analysis of the second stage reports that the explanatory factors of efficiency are centered on the inverse relationship between the population assigned to the health Centers and positively with teaching versus those that do not. It also confirms the extent to which the pressure of care compromises the efficiency of the health Centers.
Findings
A methodological approach based on three efficiency analysis methodologies (radial, non-radial and bootstrap) is applied. Likewise, a cluster analysis criterion is used (Azzalini and Menardi, 2014), little explored in the field of Healthcare.
Originality/value
The Benchmark analysis applied in this study could contribute to decision making for managers, professionals, and policy makers in the health sector. The provision of a greater quantity and quality of public health resources is an important challenge that must be met in order to maintain levels of excellence.
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Justo de Jorge and Cristina Suarez
The aim of this paper is to estimate the (in)efficiency of European railways, through an econometric estimation of frontier functions. The methodology used is the panel data…
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to estimate the (in)efficiency of European railways, through an econometric estimation of frontier functions. The methodology used is the panel data method. The statistical source covers 19 companies observed over the period from 1965 to 1998. Two different specifications are estimated, first a “factor requirements function” and second a more flexible functional form “quadratic function”. Results indicate that the means of the efficiency indicator are around 0.6 and 0.4 for the factor requirement specification and the quadratic specification, respectively, and a great rate of technological progress over the period is also indicated.
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The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the efficiency and productivity of the European retailers.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the efficiency and productivity of the European retailers.
Design/methodology/approach
Applying a two‐stage approach at individual and global levels, in this study the paper adopts the efficient frontier approach using the Malmquist index, based on DEA to measure productivity of European retailers.
Findings
An efficiency and productivity evaluation process is developed incorporating non‐parametric techniques in the European retail sector for the period of 1998‐2006. The author proposes an integrated benchmarking framework illustrated in two stages. In the first stage, work is carried out in an individualized way at the country level identifying the firms that form the corresponding efficient frontier. In a second stage a benchmarking analysis is carried out starting from the selection of the best firms made in the first stage. In this case the firms belonging to different countries are compared against each other. The aim of this procedure is to seek out those best practices that will lead to improved performance throughout the whole sample. The results confirm that convergence/divergence in efficiency and productivity growth do not have the same behaviour patterns, concluding that some countries experienced improvements while others worsened. Individual scrutiny (benchmarks) in the second stage shows that there are four groups of firms that have allowed us to extract important managerial implications.
Originality/value
The paper proposes an integrated benchmarking framework illustrated in two stages. With this methodology answers can be given to important questions such as, how efficient and productive is European retailing? What is the evolution of the productivity over time in Europe? Do different patterns of convergence/divergence of the efficiency exist among the analysed countries? What characteristics do the firms with the best managerial practices belonging to the European global frontier have?
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Justo de Jorge Moreno and Oscar Rojas Carrasco
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competitive position of the company Inditex in the period 1990-2013 as a case study, identified by academics and professionals as a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competitive position of the company Inditex in the period 1990-2013 as a case study, identified by academics and professionals as a successful company. The analysis has focussed on the comparison of Inditex with its competitive environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used to achieve the objectives was: data envelopment analysis for the analysis of efficiency and for the second the Tobit regression to determine the factors explaining efficiency. The authors have used additional methodologies such as social networks or cluster analysis.
Findings
The individual company analysis reveals that the average efficiency level by years for the period 1990-2013, is relatively high 88.8 percent. The determinants of efficiency have been; the resources of the company in terms of assets whose relationship with is U-shaped curvilinear, where the minimum value (trend change) is produced between years 2002 and 2003. The degree of internationalization of the firm, is positively related to efficiency. As the company increases its expansion, experience and skills, increases efficiency. Finally, the effect of liberalization of textile trade in 2005 had no influence on the efficiency levels.
Research limitations/implications
The limitations involving the methodology, in terms of representativeness, possible generalizations and type of secondary information used, can be offset by the ability to provide good vision and establish alternatives for possible studies.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the fast-fashion retail industry literature by emphasizing the importance of the case study.
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Justo De Jorge-Moreno and Oscar Rojas Carrasco
The purpose of this paper is to provide new evidence about the technical efficiency and its determinants in Spanish textile sector during the period 2002-2009. The empirical…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide new evidence about the technical efficiency and its determinants in Spanish textile sector during the period 2002-2009. The empirical results suggest that the effects of trade liberalization have led to higher levels of inefficiency in the Spanish sector, due to the lack of flexibility of firms to adjust to the environment, and perhaps to aggressive competition with fuzzy rules of the game. Controlling for specific factor like age, intensity of capital, salary by worker, regions and market share, the authors have obtained that the interaction between market share and size indicates that as firms have more size are also more inefficient.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the stochastic frontier production function is considered, specifically, a panel data version of Battese and Coelli (1995), in which the technical inefficiency is estimated from the stochastic frontier and simultaneously explained by a set of variables. This approach avoids the inconsistency problems of the two-stage approach used in other empirical works when analyzing the inefficiency determinants.
Findings
This work provides new evidence about the technical efficiency and its determinants can be due to environmental or firm-specific factors in Spanish textile sector during the period 2002-2009. The authors have estimated the Cobb-Douglass stochastic production frontier following Battese and Coelli (1995) model to analyze an unbalanced panel.
Originality/value
The empirical results suggest that the trend of the inefficiency shows a curvilinear behavior in the form of U (turning point third-quarter of 2004). This result is related to the efficiency analysis through Kernel distributions (in static and dynamic form) confirmed a clear process of divergence. In the period 2002-2005 the efficiency of the firms analyzed maintained higher levels than the 2005-2009 period where there is deterioration. This may be related to the increased competition due to the end of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement in January 2005 and the entry of Chinese products in 2004.
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Justo de Jorge Moreno and María Sanz‐Triguero
The purpose of this work is twofold: on the one hand, recent methodologies will be used to estimate efficiency and productivity in Spain's non‐specialized retail sector for the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this work is twofold: on the one hand, recent methodologies will be used to estimate efficiency and productivity in Spain's non‐specialized retail sector for the period of 1997‐2007. In particular, the order‐m approach proposed by Cazals et al., which is based on the concept of expected minimum input function. On the other hand, the results obtained applying the methods mentioned in the Spanish retail sector can contribute to opening up a new field of analysis since the results may be compared by means of the methodologies proposed as well as those which already exist in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper used data envelopment analysis stochastic (order‐m) and bootstrapping Malmquist index to measure productivity and efficiency in 12 sectors in Spanish retail trade 1997‐2007.
Findings
In order to illustrate the methodology proposed in this paper different phases involved; first, we have estimated the efficiency in 12 sectors of the retail sector four digits NACE, we found high levels of inefficiency in most of the sectors analyzed over the period of analysis. Next, we will deepen and simplify the analysis by concentrating on food‐predominant sectors in non‐specialised shops (5211). The evolution of the efficiency of firms belonging to this sector decreases over the period of analysis. Analyzing the relationship between firms and size, the results obtained in this work shows that the firm's size have a positive influence on efficiency that suggest that the management may have incentives to grow in order to improve their efficiency levels. Our second contribution has to do with the use of bootstrapping Malmquist productivity indices. Productivity decreased at an average rate of −4.1 percent over the entire period of 1997‐2007. On average, this deterioration was due to efficiency change −6.1 percent. Technical progress is increased at an average rate of 2.1 percent. All rates at global level are statistically significant at 95 percent.
Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is to provide an efficiency analysis using a non‐parametric approach with a robust estimator that has been suggested recently by Cazals et al. This methodology is that the first time that is applied in the analysis of retail sector. In addition, we analyze productivity growth using bootstrapping Malmquist indices. This methodology allows for a more careful analysis of what happens at firm level. Differences in conclusions between the original estimates and the bootstrap results are more evident when we scrutinize the sample firms and individual levels.
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This study aims to present an approach for analyzing hypermarkets efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) in Spanish retailing. In particular, the influence of the Retail Trade…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to present an approach for analyzing hypermarkets efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) in Spanish retailing. In particular, the influence of the Retail Trade Act of 1996, by means of which the Spanish state transferred authority to concede licenses for opening commercial establishments to the regions, is to be studied.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is based on a DEA model that allows for the evaluation of categorical variables in DEA in cross‐section data.
Findings
The findings suggest the existence of three different production frontiers in relation to the markets' regulation process where the hypermarkets operate; high, medium and low regulation. In the second place, the effect of the regulatory restrictions carried out by the autonomous communities is corrected in the second stage. This correction (once managerial inefficiencies have been eliminated) allows the hypermarkets operative in areas with low restrictions to be more efficient than those located in areas of greater regulation.
Research limitations/implications
The generalization of the conclusions of the study to the whole sector should be made with caution, because only one of the players in the distribution channel has been analyzed.
Practical implications
The implications that can be derived from the analysis carried out could be of great interest to policy makers in Spain with regard to the influence of the Retail Trade Act of 1996.
Originality/value
The paper uses the model mentioned as evaluation of the efficiency in relation to the environment or regulation carried out in the sector. The methodology proposed to analyze the impact of this environment variable is one of the main contributions of the work.
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Justo De Jorge‐Moreno, Leopoldo Laborda Castillo and María Sanz Triguero
This paper aims to evaluate the effect of participation in business and economics education programs on the student's entrepreneurial intention in terms of perceptions of the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the effect of participation in business and economics education programs on the student's entrepreneurial intention in terms of perceptions of the desirability and personal feasibility of starting a business.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used to measure the student's entrepreneurial intention is the data envelopment analysis (DEA). This approach involves mathematical programming and as a new tool in this field has permitted enrichment of the results achieved.
Findings
Results reveal that the explanatory factors for both types of students are different. This could be explained because the students choose one career or another according to their expectations of employment. In this sense, the student's entrepreneurial intention decreases in the business students when they progress in their studies and they are closer in contact with the business reality. However, the student's entrepreneurial intention increases in the case of business students when they choose a future work option different to work in public administration.
Research limitations/implications
Although the work reaches conclusive findings, further research is required in a longitudinal way.
Practical implications
The article provides new methodology and results in the field of entrepreneurship and employability in higher education in Spain.
Originality/value
In the context of the theory of planned behavior, the article is innovative on a methodological level in arguing for “connected” perceptions of the desirability and personal feasibility of starting a business with an approach toward employability and enterprise development for students. The authors think that the understanding of the sources of “entrepreneurial intention” at the students' level is crucial for policymakers to develop appropriate educational polices to improve entrepreneurship performances.