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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2003

John Dewey and Joseph Yiu

Every day, landlords and tenants are confronted with the dilemma of financing tenant improvements. Both parties see financing tenant improvements as a necessity. The landlord sees…

304

Abstract

Every day, landlords and tenants are confronted with the dilemma of financing tenant improvements. Both parties see financing tenant improvements as a necessity. The landlord sees his tenant improvement investment as a necessity to consummate leasing transactions, while the tenant sees its tenant improvement investment as a necessity to build out vacant space. But at the end of the day, the investment dilutes the balance sheet for both parties since tenant improvements are non‐earning depreciating assets with no residual value. This paper introduces a new financing methodology for tenant improvements that take both the landlord and tenant out of the business of financing these non‐earning assets.

Details

Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-001X

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Book part
Publication date: 22 November 2017

Huub Ruël and Luisa Suren

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are experiencing a number of major challenges in the international business arena. Can business diplomacy help them to deal with these challenges…

Abstract

Purpose

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are experiencing a number of major challenges in the international business arena. Can business diplomacy help them to deal with these challenges effectively? In this introductory chapter we conceptualize and identify the relationship between MNCs’ international business diplomatic activities and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a literature review and interviews with five large MNCs that are operating in distinctive industries. Business diplomatic activities have been classified into three particular areas to support the analysis, namely: (1) MNC–Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) relations, (2) MNC–Host Government relations, and (3) MNC–Local Community relations.

Findings

The main findings suggest that international business diplomacy has a direct positive effect on firm performance with regard to so-called soft or nonfinancial indicators. These indicators include knowledge sharing, reputation, company image, and marketing possibilities. The effect can in turn lead to a better financial performance and market stance in the long run.

Originality/value

The results of this study are important for the future awareness and execution of business diplomacy in large MNCs.

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Book part
Publication date: 22 November 2017

Joseph C. Marques

This chapter applies the business diplomacy concept to Brazil, a leading emerging economy and a member of the BRICS group. Brazil’s emergence as a new economic power has…

Abstract

Purpose

This chapter applies the business diplomacy concept to Brazil, a leading emerging economy and a member of the BRICS group. Brazil’s emergence as a new economic power has facilitated the emergence of several large national champions whose international behavior is understudied.

Design/methodology/approach

The chapter presents an extensive review of secondary sources and selective use of previous survey data compiled by the author.

Findings

This chapter adds to the literature on business diplomacy and contributes empirical research on a leading emerging power. Brazil’s ambitious diplomatic agenda is matched by the country’s growing number of internationalized companies. Brazilian corporate managers need to increase their business diplomacy competency to effectively leverage their presence and legitimacy abroad.

Research limitations/implications

Additional case studies will foster a more robust theory regarding business diplomacy of emerging economies.

Practical implications

A growing number of cases of business diplomacy in Brazil will benefit both business and diplomacy communities and facilitate greater research collaboration.

Social implications

How Brazilian business diplomats navigate between the boundaries of international business, diplomacy, and foreign policy are important questions for a country concerned with its international role and its goal of becoming a key actor in the international arena. A better understanding of how business diplomacy works in Brazil together with more case studies will benefit a new generation of business leaders.

Originality/value

The behavior of Brazilian business elites in international affairs remains largely unexplored. This work’s original contribution is precisely in the form of its focus on Brazilian business diplomats and how business diplomacy is exercised by Brazilian companies.

Details

International Business Diplomacy
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-081-5

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Article
Publication date: 28 November 2022

Cuijuan Liu, Zhenxin Xiao, Yu Gao, Maggie Chuoyan Dong and Shanxing Gao

Although manufacturer-initiated rewards are widely used to secure distributors’ compliance, the spillover effect on unrewarded distributors (i.e. observers) in the same…

224

Abstract

Purpose

Although manufacturer-initiated rewards are widely used to secure distributors’ compliance, the spillover effect on unrewarded distributors (i.e. observers) in the same distribution channel is under-researched. Using insights from social learning theory, this paper aims to investigate how manufacturer-initiated rewards affect observers’ expectation of reward and shape observers’ compliance toward the manufacturer. Furthermore, this paper explores how such effects are contingent upon distributor relationship features.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrapping analyses were performed using survey data from 280 Chinese distributors.

Findings

The magnitude of a manufacturer-initiated reward to a distributor stimulates expectation of reward among observers, which enhances compliance; observers’ expectation of reward mediates the impact of reward magnitude on compliance. Moreover, network centrality (of the rewarded peer) negatively moderates the positive impact of reward magnitude on observers’ expectation of reward, whereas observers’ dependence (on the manufacturer) positively moderates this dynamic.

Practical implications

Manufacturers should pay attention to the spillover effects of rewards. Overall, they should use rewards of appropriate magnitude to show willingness to recognize outstanding distributors. This will inspire unrewarded distributors, which will then be more compliant. Furthermore, manufacturers should know that specific types of distributor relationship features may significantly vary the spillover effects.

Originality/value

This study illuminates the spillover effects of manufacturer-initiated reward by opening the “black box” of the link between reward magnitude and observers’ compliance and by specifying the effects’ boundary conditions.

Details

Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 38 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0885-8624

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Article
Publication date: 13 March 2007

E.C.M. Hui, C.Y. Yiu and Y. Yau

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between market positioning and rents of retail facilities in Hong Kong.

3576

Abstract

Purpose

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between market positioning and rents of retail facilities in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

Regression analysis is deployed in the paper to find out the impact of various attributes, in terms of a retail facility's physical characteristics, market positions, and location, on the annualized per‐area net rental income. The sample data obtained from the initial public offerings of the Link real estate investment trust (REIT), one of the largest REITs in the world, is used for analysis.

Findings

The study finds that district centers command the highest average rental levels, followed by local and estate centers. As the effects of positive externalities for unorganized shops are smaller, the average rental levels for shops are generally lower. In terms of the impact of individual attributes on rents, a retail property's age and its efficiency ratio have negative relationships with rents, while its size (in terms of gross floor area) and the amount of shops positively affect the facility's rental levels.

Research limitations/implications

Although obtaining the largest possible dataset in the Link REIT portfolio for the study, the sample is not considered big enough to detect the impact of the location of a retail facility on its rental adjustments. Further studies are required with regard to this issue.

Originality/value

The results of this study give planners and developers of retail facilities some insights about the effects of market positioning on a retail facility's performance on the leasing market.

Details

Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

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Book part
Publication date: 11 August 2014

Shige Makino

The world consists of diverse and distinctive economic systems. Due to the unique historical, cultural and location-specific contexts embedded in each economy, a comparison of…

Abstract

The world consists of diverse and distinctive economic systems. Due to the unique historical, cultural and location-specific contexts embedded in each economy, a comparison of strategic behaviors across economies is unlikely to provide a causal estimate of the influence of these contextual factors on strategy–performance relationships. In this paper, I outline three approaches to researching multinational firms that address this dilemma. They include the multilevel, historical and variance-centered perspectives, all of which can help international-business (IB) researchers develop stronger theoretical foundations from which to explain why country-specific contexts matter in designing IB action and research.

Details

Multidisciplinary Insights from New AIB Fellows
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-038-4

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Article
Publication date: 19 July 2013

Nabil Mzoughi and Wafa M’Sallem

This research aims to describe three profile segments (postponers, opponents and rejectors) of non‐adopters of internet banking in Tunisia, and attempts to predict consumers’…

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Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to describe three profile segments (postponers, opponents and rejectors) of non‐adopters of internet banking in Tunisia, and attempts to predict consumers’ willingness to adopt this new technology using a range of factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical background was mainly based on dispositional resistance to change theory, as well as previous literature on internet banking. A total of 595 surveys were collected via face‐to‐face interviews. In order to predict consumers’ intentions, selective factors were proposed (i.e. perceived usefulness, perceived risk, dispositional resistance to change, demographics). Data was assessed through multinomial logistic regression.

Findings

Significant differences were observed between the three segments (postponers, opponents and rejectors) on the basis of the proposed predictors. Moreover, dispositional resistance to change as a personality trait plays a significant role in behavioral intentions.

Originality/value

Dispositional resistance to change as a personality trait is still underdeveloped in marketing research studies. This paper provides managerial recommendations for Tunisian bank practitioners to better profile their targets.

Details

International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 31 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-2323

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Book part
Publication date: 12 November 2016

Artie W. Ng and Wallace Tang

This study explores the interrelationship between regulatory risks and strategic controls within the financial supervision architecture of an emergent global financial centre of…

Abstract

Purpose

This study explores the interrelationship between regulatory risks and strategic controls within the financial supervision architecture of an emergent global financial centre of China that embraces innovation as part of its strategic objectives.

Methodology/approach

This paper employs a longitudinal case study approach to examine the institutional dynamics of the key financial regulators in connection with the regulated financial institutions in Hong Kong before and after the financial tsunami of 2008.

Findings

First, this study reveals an organic development of a specialised financial regulatory architecture that resists transforming itself structurally despite the significant impact of externalities. Second, in this post-financial crisis analysis, regulated financial institutions swiftly respond by strengthening their risk controls through compliance with the guidelines imposed by the regulator. Institutional dynamics in influencing the implementation of risk controls through a top-down interactive mechanism are observed. Such dynamic and pertinent rapid responses induce the pursuit of optimal risk management within a regulatory framework.

Originality/value

This paper provides a longitudinal case study to reveal regulatory risks and strategic controls of the global financial centre of China. It unveils mitigating risk control measures in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. The study demonstrates how regulatory institutions strive to take precautionary, coercive measures such that the regulated institutions mimic and implement prudent mechanisms.

Details

The Political Economy of Chinese Finance
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-957-2

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2008

Brenda Sternquist, Carol A. Finnegan and Zhengyi Chen

China’s economy is transforming at a brisk pace. A partially dismantled command economy and introduction of competition have fueled consumer demand for a greater selection of…

616

Abstract

China’s economy is transforming at a brisk pace. A partially dismantled command economy and introduction of competition have fueled consumer demand for a greater selection of innovative new products in the retail market. The challenge for retail buyers is to adjust their procurement processes to respond to consumer needs in an efficient and effective manner. This study examines factors influencing buyer‐supplier relationships in a transition economy. We present a model to explain the factors driving retail buyer dependence on suppliers. We find that retailer evaluation of supplier credibility mediates the relationship between retailer perceptions of a supplier ability to add value to its business and the ability to achieve its desired goals. In part, this is due to the supplier’s market orientation. Interestingly, guanxi ties have no impact on the retailer perceptions of the supplier credibility, but have a positive affect on retailer dependence on its supplier partners.

Details

Journal of Asia Business Studies, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1558-7894

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Article
Publication date: 19 October 2015

Joseph Amankwah-Amoah

Although big data have emerged at the cornerstone of business and management research, past studies have failed to offer explanations and classifications of different levels of…

4050

Abstract

Purpose

Although big data have emerged at the cornerstone of business and management research, past studies have failed to offer explanations and classifications of different levels of capacity and expertise possessed by different countries in utilising big data. The purpose of this paper is to examine the different capacities of governments in utilising big data.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a comprehensive synopsis of the literature on big data and the role of governments in utilising and harnessing big data.

Findings

The study provides an array of explanations to account for why some countries are adept at using big data to solve social problems, while others often faltered.

Research limitations/implications

The study offers a range of explanations and suggestions, which include skills upgrading, to help countries improve their capabilities in data collection and data analysis.

Originality/value

In this paper, data collection-data analysis matrix was developed to characterise the role of governments in data collection and analysis.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 115 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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