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South America is a heterogeneous continent, with diverse prison realities. Its prison population is estimated at 600,000 inmates, of whom 10,000 are declared insane. Physical and mental health care supplied to the inmates is precarious and preventive programs in progress are rare. The authors’ comment on the Roman Law tradition and describe the situation in Brazil and Argentina, from the point of view of their legal backgrounds. They also consider the kind of mental health resources found and the types of treatment offered, mainly in Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals. Their conclusion emphasizes the need to improve the conditions of penitentiaries in South America, which, because of their deficiencies, often violate the human rights of prisoners.

It is basically a primarily legal philosophical and political problem whether or not mentally disordered persons “belong” in prison. Countries applying the construct of criminal responsibility or incompetence to stand trial can prevent mentally disordered persons from being imprisoned. Secure confinement can then be ordered in a forensic psychiatric institution, if necessary. Of course this principle does not prevent people from becoming mentally unwell when put in a prison environment, nor does the presence or a history of mental disorder automatically result in the absence of criminal responsibility. The still high prevalence of mental disorders in prisoners has been impressively demonstrated in more recent surveys. In a systematic review of 62 surveys from 12 different western countries including 22,790 prisoners (mean age 29 years, 81% men), 3.7% of the men had psychotic illnesses, 10% major depression, and 65% a personality disorder, while 4% of women had psychotic illnesses, 12% major depression, and 42% a personality disorder. In comparison to the general population, prisoners have an increased risk of suffering from a mental disorder that transcends countries and diagnoses. Psychotic disorders increase the risk of suicide, which as a rule is considerably higher in prisoners than in the general population. Suicide is the leading cause of death in penal institutions, especially during the early stages of confinement.

This study aims to evaluate the impact breaking energy of the parts manufactured by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. The evaluation considers the use of the epoxy resin coating, different materials and different printing orientations.

The authors developed an experimental statistical design using 54 experimental trials. The experiments’ output variable is the impact break energy of the parts manufactured by the FFF method. The input variables for the experiments consist of an epoxy resin coating (XTC-3D®, generic resin and without resin coating), different filament materials (nylon + carbon fiber, polyethylene terephthalate and polycarbonate) and different printing orientations (flat, edge and vertical) used. The authors carried out the tests following the EN ISO 179-1.

The use of resin coating has a significant influence on the impact energy of parts manufactured using the FFF method. The resin coating increases the impact resistance of parts processed by FFF by almost 100% of the value as compared to the parts without a resin coating. Post-processing is useful on ductile materials and increases impact breaking energy at weak print orientations.

This research opens a new opportunity to improve the mechanical properties of parts manufactured using the FFF method. The use of a resin coating reinforces the parts in weak print orientation.

This paper aims to propose future public policy guidelines (FPPG) in sustainable regional development for Guaviare (Colombia) – a territory affected by environmental and social distress – for the year 2035.

Following collective action theory and sustainable regional development literature, a foresight exercise was conducted using site focus groups and semi-structured interviews with local participants to identify future strategic change drivers and the most relevant social actors for the attainment of economic, social and environmental development in the Guaviare through FPPG.

The findings suggest that the development of public policies regarding building consensus around Guaviare’s economic, environmental and social issues, reducing conflict between the region’s cultural and environmental ways, decreasing isolation from the centers of decision-making, increasing the transparency of public institutions and reducing insecurity to attract investments are all crucial to attaining sustainable regional development.

Interdisciplinarity is implicit in the local perspectives on the problem that impedes sustainable development in San José del Guaviare. The paper’s main contribution is the long-term vision that breaks away from the traditional short-termism in public policy guidelines in a Latin American context. Methodologically, the significant contribution is the convergent alignment of specific foresight methods toward public policy guidelines’ analysis and design processes.

To understand if certain board traits can contribute to attract CEO directors

Panel data model with firm fixed effects of individual and firm level attributes from 450 public firms in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru

Higher levels of masters abroad, board ties, government experience and foreign members are all negatively related to the appointment of CEO directors

The use of non-performance outcome variable such as CEO experience in the family led emergent environment of Latin America

Entender si hay características de un consejo que ayudan a atraer consejeros CEOs

Modelo con datos panel y efectos fijos usando información individual y de empresa de 450 empresas públicas en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú

Mayores niveles de maestrías en el extranjero, lazos de consejo, experiencia de gobierno y presencia de extranjeros están relacionados negativamente con el nombramiento de nuevos consejeros CEOs

El uso de una variable que no es de desempeño como experiencia de CEOs en el contexto de empresa familiar en Latinoamérica

The chapter analyzed the knowledge transfer processes of the Latin American academy to the actors in its environment, and the Science, Technology, and Innovation policy that facilitates or inhibits the processes of generation and use of this university knowledge. The cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico were analyzed to understand the practice of the university knowledge transfer model at different levels – strategic, organizational, and operational – and the complexities involved in the process. It was evidenced by the urgent demand for the transformation of the Latin American University through sustainability and digitalization approaches to be a catalyst for development in the region. The chapter closes with a critical analysis of the phenomenon, future lines of research, and implications of the praxis.

Medellín, Colombia, experienced a remarkable social transformation in just two decades, leaving behind its troubled past of violence and insecurity. This study aims to identify the key actors and initiatives contributing to this transformation, considering cultural and social values shaping residents’ and visitors’ perceptions and determining the potential for the city’s brand. The research uses identity-based place branding theory and Delphi rounds to compare expert and promoter perspectives through surveys and tourist insights. The findings reveal recognising having a transformation in mind having offers guidelines for residents to propose tourism initiatives, aiding strategic city promotion and brand-building in collaboration with various organisations.

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the conceptual framework related to the Lean and Green practices, paradigms, future prospects and problems, indicating points of convergence and divergence between them.

Based on this premise, through vast literature systematization, the authors sought to categorize studies in order to consolidate constructs, reinforcing aspects regarding the positive and negative approaches and pointing out the gaps in the current state of the art. Broad literature systematization was carried out; the authors found 107 articles published between 2014 and 2018, separated into 10 categories.

The main constructs confirmed are the positive approximation of the Lean and Green union, evidenced by studies premised on the independent variable category demonstrating that their union influences other environmental performance variables.

The present research is a systematization of the literature, so its results have to be confirmed by other studies.

The study supports the Lean and Green theme, confirming converging issues between the two areas and launching new topics for future research.

The study contributed to the environmental theme by confirming synergies of the Lean and Green union and presenting new research themes.

To assert that Lean and Green systems union is sustainable, with regard to the tripod of sustainability, more studies on the social category are necessary.

The study examines the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and stock liquidity, and the mediating role of investor sentiment.

This study draws on a sample of 4,620 firm-year observations covering nonfinancial firms in the United States from 2007 to 2020. We employ multiple regression analysis with panel data and path analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the impact of EPU on stock liquidity in detail.

EPU significantly enhances stock liquidity. However, at elevated levels of EPU, this relationship reverses. The path analysis results indicate that EPU positively affects stock liquidity via the investor sentiment channel. This sentiment partially mediates the relationship between EPU and both trading volume and turnover rate, and fully mediates the relationship between EPU and both turnover price impact and illiquidity.

Our findings underscore the importance of liquidity for investors, who may require higher returns for holding more illiquid stocks. Second, they can help the government understand the implications of changes in EPU, highlighting the need for clear communication and the implementation of appropriate capital market policies.

While considerable research focuses on the relationship between EPU and stock market liquidity, the analysis of the channels through which EPU influences stock market liquidity remains largely unexplored. Our study highlights the importance of investor sentiment in explaining this relationship.