Jordan Parsons and Chelsea Cox
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibility of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an HIV harm reduction intervention in prisons. PrEP is primarily discussed in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibility of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an HIV harm reduction intervention in prisons. PrEP is primarily discussed in relation to men who have sex with men (MSM), meaning other high-risk populations, such as prisoners, are often side-lined. The authors wanted to consider how it could prove beneficial beyond the MSM community.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors discuss whether the common objections to existing HIV harm reduction interventions in prisons, such as needle exchanges, are applicable to PrEP. The authors then apply common objections to the provision of PrEP in the general population to the provision of PrEP in a prison context in order to assess their strength. Finally, the authors discuss what the authors anticipate to be a key objection to PrEP in prisons: post-incarceration access.
Findings
The authors argue that both sets of common objections considered are easily refuted in the case of PrEP in prisons. The unique setting and nature of the intervention are such that it is without immediately apparent flaws. In addressing post-incarceration access, the authors suggest that a longitudinal consideration of a prisoner’s HIV risk undermines the objection.
Originality/value
This discussion is of importance due to the significantly heightened risk of HIV infection prisoners are subject to. Not only do effective HIV prevention interventions in prisons contribute to fair access to health for incarcerated individuals, but also to the wider fight against HIV. The authors demonstrate that PrEP has potential as a new approach and call for further research in this area.
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Fayez A. Simadi and Ghazi S. Nahar
This paper aims to provide a thorough historical, legal, or political narrative of the refugee camps in Jordan.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide a thorough historical, legal, or political narrative of the refugee camps in Jordan.
Design/methodology/approach
The study has analyzed three parts: the first part attempts to clarify Jordan's policy toward Palestinian refugees and their socioeconomic status in Jordan. The second part examines the refugee settlements in Jordan as social systems and applies Parsons' four functions system (AGIL). The third part analyzes the interrelationships between refugees and local host communities from the perspective of Coser's conflict functionalism.
Findings
Results indicated that the Palestine refugees have found in Jordan a second home to protect them and help them to survive in dignity. And Coser's functional conflict theory seems more applicable to the refugee situation in Jordan than Parsons' theory.
Originality/value
The study offers some new information and data about the situation of Palestine refugees in Jordan that are very limited or not offered in the libraries.
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The “Helping Autism Diagnosed Navigate and Develop Socially” (HANDS) project developed a suite of mobile apps for smartphones, which support children with Autism spectrum…
Abstract
Purpose
The “Helping Autism Diagnosed Navigate and Develop Socially” (HANDS) project developed a suite of mobile apps for smartphones, which support children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with social and life skills functioning – areas of ability which tend to be impaired in this population. The apps were field tested in four special schools. The purpose of this paper is to report on an exploratory investigation of the potential use of this and similar technology to support the inclusion of children with ASD in mainstream secondary schools.
Design/methodology/approach
A series of technology familiarization sessions and follow up focus groups were held with children with ASD, teachers, teaching assistants and parents at three mainstream secondary schools. A thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts was undertaken.
Findings
The analysis indicated common themes across schools relating to challenges and opportunities in the use of smartphones to develop social and life skills. Wider debates in the available literature and the general media about national and local school policy on the use of smartphones in the classroom were reflected in the themes identified. Conclusions are drawn about the potential use of smartphones to promote inclusion of children with ASD, and recommendations are made in regards of national and local policy on the use of mobile technology in schools.
Originality/value
There is little literature on the use of smartphones with children with ASD to support inclusion in mainstream. As such, this initial exploratory report will be of interest to policy makers, school managers and researchers.
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Mark Jeffery, Zev Kleinhaus, Twinkle Ling, Itaru Matsuyama, Thien Nguyen-Trung and Keita Suzuki
In March 2009, Steve Fowler, vice president of strategy and client service at full-service advertising agency Ayzenberg, had just completed what he considered to be one of the…
Abstract
In March 2009, Steve Fowler, vice president of strategy and client service at full-service advertising agency Ayzenberg, had just completed what he considered to be one of the most innovative campaigns he had ever handled. Capcom, a leader in the video gaming industry, had just launched Resident Evil® 5 (RE5), the latest release of one of the industry's most valuable game franchises. RE5, a powerful asset with a passionate fan base, had warranted the use of an online viral, or word-of-mouth (WOM), campaign for its worldwide game launch. Although the creative work and appropriate media for the RE5 launch had been meticulously planned, Fowler was also interested in measuring the effectiveness of the campaign to better serve his client. In the past, measuring WOM was practically impossible. However, a software company named Meteor Solutions had found a way to do exactly that. Fowler and his team had worked with Meteor to execute several campaigns for other clients, but he had never applied Meteor tools on such a large scale. Fowler knew Capcom would want to hear specific WOM figures. What was the return on investment for the RE5 campaign and the implications for future campaigns? Had the Meteor tools provided comprehensive and actionable information, or was more work needed before these solutions could be widely used in advertising?
How to measure the value and fully leverage social media marketing including key success factors, challenges, metrics and implications for future campaigns and other industries.
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This study aims to test the role of the state of occupation, represented in Israel, as one of the most significant challenges, which faces the Jordanian water security. Where…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to test the role of the state of occupation, represented in Israel, as one of the most significant challenges, which faces the Jordanian water security. Where Israel expands in its policy and ideology everyday its hydro-hegemony over the Jordanian waters. Hence, its acts result in negative consequences on the Jordanian water and food security, which in turn affects the Jordanian national security as a whole.
Design/methodology/approach
This study relied on the following two approached to tackle its problem: first: descriptive approach: the descriptive approach depends on defining the apparent features and describing their nature and the type of the relationship between its variables. It aims to achieving a better and deeper understanding on the situation of its future policies and measures. And research uses the system analysis approach to handle the subject matter. Given the influence of water on the development, Jordan, as an organic or a political and social state, takes into account the reasons and causes of development. Jordan turns into an active political state, with water as an influencing factor on it. This premise represents the core of the system analysis approach.
Findings
The research concluded that the Israeli theft of the Jordanian waters is the main factor in the Jordanian water crisis. If Jordan had received its usurped water rights by Israel, it could have been able to solve its water issue represented in the increasing deficit in its water balance. Therefore, the Israeli hydro-hegemony on the Jordanian water resources caused the imbalance in its water security and, in turn, caused the development process to falter in general.
Originality/value
The value of the research lies in the fact that it addresses the most important reasons behind the water crisis in Jordan, represented in the Israeli control over the Jordanian water resources and the research shows that the amount of water stolen by Israel is enough to solve the water crisis in Jordan.
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Neal M. Ashkanasy, Ashlea C. Troth, Sandra A. Lawrence and Peter J. Jordan
Scholars and practitioners in the OB literature nowadays appreciate that emotions and emotional regulation constitute an inseparable part of work life, but the HRM literature has…
Abstract
Scholars and practitioners in the OB literature nowadays appreciate that emotions and emotional regulation constitute an inseparable part of work life, but the HRM literature has lagged in addressing the emotional dimensions of life at work. In this chapter therefore, beginning with a multi-level perspective taken from the OB literature, we introduce the roles played by emotions and emotional regulation in the workplace and discuss their implications for HRM. We do so by considering five levels of analysis: (1) within-person temporal variations, (2) between persons (individual differences), (3) interpersonal processes; (4) groups and teams, and (5) the organization as a whole. We focus especially on processes of emotional regulation in both self and others, including discussion of emotional labor and emotional intelligence. In the opening sections of the chapter, we discuss the nature of emotions and emotional regulation from an OB perspective by introducing the five-level model, and explaining in particular how emotions and emotional regulation play a role at each of the levels. We then apply these ideas to four major domains of concern to HR managers: (1) recruitment, selection, and socialization; (2) performance management; (3) training and development; and (4) compensation and benefits. In concluding, we stress the interconnectedness of emotions and emotional regulation across the five levels of the model, arguing that emotions and emotional regulation at each level can influence effects at other levels, ultimately culminating in the organization’s affective climate.
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This study aims to explore how insurance organisations interpret organisational resilience; to identify potential objectives, elements and practices of organisational resilience…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore how insurance organisations interpret organisational resilience; to identify potential objectives, elements and practices of organisational resilience within insurance organisations; and to investigate the impact of culture on resilience.
Design/methodology/approach
An empirical study in the insurance industry in Jordan was undertaken. The population consists of all 28 insurance companies registered at the Amman Stock Exchange. Data were collected via a survey questionnaire followed by three semi-structured interviews.
Findings
Results revealed that respondents understand the meaning of organisational resilience differently. Various factors constitute organisational resilience in Jordanian insurance organisations. Nevertheless, some key factors that have the potential to improve organisational resilience were missing. Culture influenced the level of organisational resilience considerably.
Practical implications
This study provides insights into the factors that enable organisations to withstand future risks, which, in turn, ensures long-term survival. It also reveals how culture affects the level of organisational resilience. This paper provides a basis for policymakers in Jordan to start actively considering existing resources and cultural trends to introduce new frameworks for improving resilience in the insurance sector.
Originality/value
This study is made in the context of an emerging economy; Jordan. It uses quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It is also one of the few studies to discuss resilience in relation to culture and within the insurance sector.
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Margarita Skiba, Viktoria Vorobyova, Alexander Pivovarov and Inna Trus
This paper aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles using atmospheric discharge plasma in contact with liquid at different pressure in reactor and to assess their catalytical…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles using atmospheric discharge plasma in contact with liquid at different pressure in reactor and to assess their catalytical properties for reducing 4-nanoparticles (NP).
Design/methodology/approach
The Ag colloidal NPs was rapidly synthesized as a result of non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma formation between an electrode and the surface of AgNO3 solution for 5 min at different pressure in reactor. Synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with common analytical techniques. Ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning microcopy analysis were used to study the formation and characteristics of silver nanoparticles.
Findings
The formation of silver colloidal solutions under plasma discharge at different pressure in reactor is characterized by the presence of surface resonance peak in the spectra. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of spherical particles having a size distribution in the range of 15-26 nm. The AgNPs solution showed excellent rapid catalytic activity for the complete degradation of toxic 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) into non-toxic 4-aminophenol (4-APh) within 18 min.
Research limitations/implications
Further studies are necessary for confirmation of the practical application, especially of deposition Ag NPs on TiO2.
Practical implications
The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of colloidal solutions of Ag NPs for degradation of organic pollutants (4-NPh) in water and wasters water.
Originality/value
Atmospheric discharge plasma in contact with liquid at different pressure can be used as an effective technique for synthesis of nanomaterials with catalytic properties.
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COVID-19 has rendered many firms' business models, strategies and performance vulnerable, including entrepreneurial financials. Some managed to survive, while others drowned in…
Abstract
Purpose
COVID-19 has rendered many firms' business models, strategies and performance vulnerable, including entrepreneurial financials. Some managed to survive, while others drowned in the epidemic swamp. This study offers an exceptional model to fill the gap.
Design/methodology/approach
Employing a rigorous qualitative design, the study utilizes a novel framework that integrates institutional theory (IT) and corporate entrepreneurial strategy (CES). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis identified key themes: external environment, institutional environment and organizational response, CES and performance and survival.
Findings
The study reveals the dual nature of the external and institutional environment, acting as both facilitators and barriers for entrepreneurial financial firms (EFFs). It highlights the robust CES exhibited by these firms during the pandemic, demonstrating their adept balancing and integration of different CES components in their organizational response. The EFFs employ a mix of financial and nonfinancial indicators for performance assessment, yielding varied outcomes based on contextual factors.
Practical implications
EFFs and stakeholders are guided to adapt their business models, balance institutional pressures, implement CES and evaluate performance. It advocates collaboration within the entrepreneurial finance ecosystem and leveraging opportunities emerging from the pandemic, including new market segments, technologies, innovations and regulatory changes.
Originality/value
This topic is underexplored in many emerging economies. Fresh perspectives and rigor frameworks are developed on how EFFs navigate and capitalize on the pandemic under uncertainties.
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Zakaria Ali Aribi, Rateb Mohammad Alqatamin and Thankom Arun
The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between female representation on the board and forward-looking information disclosures (FLIDs).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between female representation on the board and forward-looking information disclosures (FLIDs).
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses the content analysis to analyze the narrative evidence from the annual financial reports of non-financial Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. The final sample consists of 1,206 firm-year observations during the period 2008-2013.
Findings
The study provides evidence that gender diversity on boards positively affects the level of FLIDs. Further to this, the study reveals that family firms disclose more information than non-family firms.
Practical implications
Results of this study could be beneficial for a number of users of financial information such as, regulators, investors, auditors and lenders. The users might consider the findings of this study when they are using the company’s financial information. Consequently, users of this information could be better assisted to make right decisions.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by identifying the role of gender on the level of FLID, particularly on family and non-family, a relatively little researched area.