The quantity and scope of the information that has materialized so far on the subject of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) has increased significantly since the first…
Abstract
The quantity and scope of the information that has materialized so far on the subject of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) has increased significantly since the first case of the syndrome in the United States was diagnosed in 1981. Initially, information could be found only in a few articles in the medical periodical literature or in a few newspapers. Gradually, more information appeared in health care, allied health, and other professional journals and periodicals. As the incidence of the syndrome increased, more newspapers and the mass market magazines and the electronic media began covering the syndrome, and both health care professionals and the general public found themselves presented with a steady stream of information, research, and education on the subject of AIDS.
Peter Hawkins and Jonathan Winter
The dramatic increase in enrolments in UK universities since the 1980s, together with the changes taking place in the workplace, mean that the traditional recruiters of graduates…
Abstract
The dramatic increase in enrolments in UK universities since the 1980s, together with the changes taking place in the workplace, mean that the traditional recruiters of graduates are not able to absorb all the numbers. Looks at the opportunities provided by small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Considers the skills that graduates will need to work in SMEs and highlights examples of initiatives which enable graduates to overcome various barriers to an easier transition. Provides case studies of a number of strategies in practice.
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The purpose of this article is to examine US cinema audiences' reactions to advertising. Cinema advertising and other failures of customer relations management by movie exhibitors…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to examine US cinema audiences' reactions to advertising. Cinema advertising and other failures of customer relations management by movie exhibitors explains how consumers are discouraged from going to a cinema to see newly released movies. To avoid commercials, consumers increasingly turn to VCR rentals, DVD purchases and computer downloads, all of which feed production company profits at the expense of the movie theater owners.
Design/methodology/approach
Historical observations on the origins and growth of cinema advertising in the USA, coupled with notes on the overall decline of the cinema viewing experience.
Findings
Cinema advertising swiftly grew from “underused” to commonplace in the early 1980s, while losing track of theater owners' early concerns for potential harm to the viewing experience for ticket purchasers. The presence of advertising is not in itself the cause for consumer dislike of the theater experience, but the increasing quantity of messages are often poorly written or produced, previously seen by audiences ad nauseam on television and written for a small target group of cinema audiences while boring or offending the rest.
Practical implications
There are limits to consumer tolerance of ambush media vehicles, and a failure to take this consumer abuse into account contributes to a loss of customers. In a similar vein, over commercialization of over‐the‐air radio encourages consumers to use subscription systems, satellite radio or other forms of in‐car entertainment. Increasing television advertising clutter is a major factor in declining ratings for programs, as well as decreased attention to advertising messages by audiences that remain.
Originality/value
A call to action for movie theaters to see ticket sales as a function of factors other than the appeal of the latest blockbusters, with overuse of advertising discouraging repeat customers.
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Most of the literature on the World Bank struggles to understand precisely how effective are the Bank’s projects and policies, emphasizing at the same time as reaffirming certain…
Abstract
Most of the literature on the World Bank struggles to understand precisely how effective are the Bank’s projects and policies, emphasizing at the same time as reaffirming certain universal parameters with which to measure the good and the bad. This article, by contrast, argues for a different way of seeing the World Bank, that is, for scholarship that interrogates the political rationalities which underlie these distinctions and categories and which make these parameters and measures viable, necessary, and enduring. Indeed, most writings – including the innumerable self‐evaluations carried out by the Bank – simultaneously note the enormity of the Bank’s past misdeeds as well as its unique position as the only global institution up to the monumental task of translating global truths into global plans of action. Because of its unique role as the global development expert, the Bank is always two steps ahead of the pack, always re‐assessing and re‐tooling for improvement in ways that most national and international institutions cannot. Who else can respond so quickly to catastrophes around the globe – appearing one month in Thailand, the next in Argentina, and, in a bomb’s flash, in Afghanistan and Iraq? In a world in which global crises routinely erupt and “require” global experts of development to resolve them, the Bank and its affiliates in the World Bank Group have no rivals. But, rather than ask why the Bank’s responses are ultimately insufficient or flawed, we must first ask how problems get defined in terms of global crises and their solutions in terms of global development institutions in the first place? How did these ideas and institutions become so influential? What power dynamics do they embody?
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Peter Johnstone and Mark Jones
Over the past decade the Russian Mafia has established itself as capable of causing serious disruptions within the world's financial markets. Organised crime groups control a…
Abstract
Over the past decade the Russian Mafia has established itself as capable of causing serious disruptions within the world's financial markets. Organised crime groups control a substantial number of the banks within Russia and as a consequence they are capable of infiltrating major sources of money supply and taking control of legitimate businesses, both foreign and domestic. Once an organised crime group has entered the banking structure, it can expand its operations by using the veneer of legitimacy provided by the bank as a source of utility for further criminal ventures. The laundering of illegal proceeds, both national and international, has now become one of the major activities conducted by Russian organised crime groups in the former Soviet Union.
Jill M. Gradwell, Jonathan Amidon, Danielle LaJudice and Mary Westlake-Douds
This lesson uses Steel Town to explore the making of steel and life in a steel mill town during the Great Depression. Moving through four centers, students explore resources such…
Abstract
This lesson uses Steel Town to explore the making of steel and life in a steel mill town during the Great Depression. Moving through four centers, students explore resources such as photographs, first-hand accounts, recipes, and songs from the era to learn what life was like at a steel mill, in a steelworker’s home and neighborhood, and throughout the town. Based on their analyses of the resources provided, students compare the benefits and drawbacks of technology to answer the ultimate question regarding steel production: “Is it worth it?” This lesson was created for use in a second or third grade classroom but can be adjusted for older students with the extensions provided.
James J. Connors, Jonathan J. Velez and Benjamin G. Swan
Leadership is a concept that has always been a major component of Colleges of Agriculture. Undergraduate student have numerous opportunities to develop their leadership skills and…
Abstract
Leadership is a concept that has always been a major component of Colleges of Agriculture. Undergraduate student have numerous opportunities to develop their leadership skills and abilities though formal coursework, collegiate organizations, and personal leadership activities. This ethnographic qualitative research study investigated the leadership characteristics of outstanding seniors in the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (CFAES) at The Ohio State University. The study utilized a semi-structured interview methodology. The objectives of the study were to 1) Determine the leadership development experiences of the outstanding seniors prior to their enrolling in college, 2) Identify the leadership development activities in which they participated during their undergraduate studies, 3) Identify their self-perceived strengths, weaknesses, and leadership influences, 4) Identify the personal and professional leadership goals. Results indicate that the outstanding seniors had significant leadership development experiences in FFA and 4-H while in high school. They continued to participate in leadership activities in dozens of different collegiate organizations, both within and outside of the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. The outstanding seniors had a passionate belief in their own leadership ability, believed strongly in servant leadership, and used their leadership to the benefit of the organizations in which they were members.
Tatiana Borisova, Tia M. McDonald, Clayton Winters-Michaud, Noah J. Miller and Jonathan Law
This paper explores the relationship between droughts and U.S. agricultural sector profitability in select U.S. regions. We also examine the extent to which the farm safety net…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper explores the relationship between droughts and U.S. agricultural sector profitability in select U.S. regions. We also examine the extent to which the farm safety net, including direct government payments and the federal crop insurance program, may compensate for the impacts of drought on farm sector profitability.
Design/methodology/approach
Fixed effect regressions estimate the relationship between drought and profitability for the farm sector. The analysis uses a panel of annual, state-level net farm income and its subcomponents (from the USDA, Economic Research Service) and state-level annual drought measures constructed from county crop damage days (as reported in the Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the United States, or SHELDUS). SHELDUS includes Severe (D2) or more intense drought shocks for the states east of the Rocky Mountains, and these states provide the focus for our analysis.
Findings
Market net farm income negatively correlates with the drought measures. This relation is partially driven by the increase in production expenses during drought episodes. Further, sales from inventories tend to increase during drought periods. A significant share of damages to sector performance are offset by federal crop insurance program indemnities. Finally, our results show that drought impacts and the effects of the farm safety net are distributed differently across geographic regions.
Originality/value
To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to examine drought impacts on the components of agricultural profitability, including the farm safety net and production expenses, at the sector level.