Qudsia Enayat, Kate Yorke, Dolores Mullen, Alireza Talebi, Steve Willner, Jon Dunn, Sum Yee Chan, Joseph Heskin, Katy Sinka, Stephanie J. Migchelsen, Hamish Mohammed and Chantal Edge
People in prison face a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but there is a paucity of evidence on trends in STIs in prisons in England. This study…
Abstract
Purpose
People in prison face a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but there is a paucity of evidence on trends in STIs in prisons in England. This study aims to describe trends in chlamydia test-positivity and syphilis prevalence by using two different methodologies in prison settings.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used routinely collected chlamydia surveillance data reported by all primary diagnostic laboratories in England from 2018 to 2022 to identify tests undertaken in prisons. Separately, this study used data from a pilot syphilis serology pilot study of four prisons in England. A descriptive analysis was undertaken to describe chlamydia test-positivity and syphilis seroprevalence by demographic characteristics.
Findings
Between 2018 and 2022, the number of chlamydia tests carried out in prisons increased by 2.0% (17,177–17,514) whilst the number of positive diagnoses decreased by 12.0% (957–840). The overall test-positivity in 2022 was 4.8% (840/17,514) which was marginally lower than that of the community; test-positivity was highest in 15–19 year-olds. Overall, syphilis prevalence was 3.9% (43/1064). Prevalence was highest in the women’s prison site at 6.4% 27/398). The range in male prison sites was between 0.5% and 3.5%.
Originality/value
Use of two methods enabled us to better understand the burden of STIs in a vulnerable population. Chlamydia test positivity was marginally lower than community levels but still indicated a high burden of infection, in particular for the 15–24 age group. Syphilis prevalence was high across all age groups in prisons, highlighting the need for more systematic assessment of STIs in prisons to allow for earlier identification and treatment of infections.
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It takes more than a computer, hard disk, diskettes, display, keyboard, and software to make a fully productive computer system. In this article, the author discusses the…
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It takes more than a computer, hard disk, diskettes, display, keyboard, and software to make a fully productive computer system. In this article, the author discusses the finishing touches: some of the peripherals (excluding printers) that you will want to consider for your new or existing personal computer. You might even consider the “ultimate peripheral,” a portable computer. The second section of this article divides portable computers into their basic categories, discusses the premium you pay for portability, and notes the greater importance of vendor survival for portable computers. The first quarter of 1993 seemed unusually rich in noteworthy articles in PC magazines. That may be at least partially because PC Sources has increased its editorial scope and partially because the author is now including several Windows‐specific magazines (one new) in the mix.
Torbjörn Ylipää, Anders Skoogh, Jon Bokrantz and Maheshwaran Gopalakrishnan
The purpose of this paper is to identify maintenance improvement potentials using an overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) assessment within the manufacturing industry.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify maintenance improvement potentials using an overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) assessment within the manufacturing industry.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper assesses empirical OEE data gathered from 98 Swedish companies between 2006 and 2012. Further analysis using Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to study how each OEE component impacts the overall OEE.
Findings
The paper quantifies the various equipment losses in OEE, as well as the factors availability, utilization, speed, quality, and planned stop time. From the empirical findings, operational efficiency losses are found to have the largest impact on OEE followed by availability losses. Based on the results, improvement potentials and future trends for maintenance are identified, including a systems view and an extended scope of maintenance.
Originality/value
The paper provides detailed insights about the state of equipment effectiveness in terms of OEE in the manufacturing industry. Further, the results show how individual OEE components impact overall productivity and efficiency of the production system. This paper contributes with the identification of improvement potentials that are necessary for both practitioners and academics to understand the new direction in which maintenance needs to move. The authors argue for a service-oriented organization.
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Dan Dunn, Jon Hulak and D. Steven White
Reports findings from a major study done by a Boston consulting firm showing four solution‐based market segments in high‐tech industries. They are the specialized solution, the…
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Reports findings from a major study done by a Boston consulting firm showing four solution‐based market segments in high‐tech industries. They are the specialized solution, the customized solution, the value solution, and the packaged solution. One segment is the be‐first “contrarian” buyer. One segment responds to aggressive selling while another reacts to market pull. And the fourth segment is retail‐oriented. This article may be useful to both buyers and sellers of technology in emerging, unsaturated markets.
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To debate some of the commonly;held assumptions about social enterprises.
Abstract
Purpose
To debate some of the commonly;held assumptions about social enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach
The three main assumptions that are commonly applied to the development and characteristics of social enterprises are discussed, namely: that social enterprise must be a collective or democratic pursuit; that social enterprise is institutionally different from earlier mechanisms designed to usher in a “third way”; and that social enterprise is better than doing nothing. Analyses the development of these three assumptions through the framework offered by DiMaggio and Powell (1983) on institutional isomorphism.
Findings
There are indications that the social enterprises sector would benefit from more co‐ops taking an ever‐greater market share in an ever‐increasing range of industries, but that this should be the outcome of decisions freely made by individual, autonomous organizations that are free to choose social enterprises over other available options. Concludes that the practical danger posed by the wrong kind of isomorphic tendencies is to the potential flourishing of alternative organizational forms, alternative business models, and alternative ways of seeing the economic world.
Originality/value
Clarifies some of the commonly‐held views concerning social enterprises.