THE development of air transportation since World War II has been dramatic, consistently exceeding the predicted rate of expansion resulting from market surveys throughout the…
Abstract
THE development of air transportation since World War II has been dramatic, consistently exceeding the predicted rate of expansion resulting from market surveys throughout the period. This has been at least partly due to the boost given to originality and inventiveness by a continually expanding market, and the present speed, comfort, reliability and economy of modern aircraft far surpass the wildest dreams of pioneers. At the time of writing there is no indication of a slackening off in the rate of progress, indeed, rather the reverse, and the scope for imaginative exploration in all areas of aircraft design and operation has never been so wide as at the present time.
ANY aircraft development or innovation is news. Where it is specifically or related to powerplant it invariably becomes big news, with the potential of overseas users and national…
Abstract
ANY aircraft development or innovation is news. Where it is specifically or related to powerplant it invariably becomes big news, with the potential of overseas users and national prestige uppermost in the mind. The recent keen competition for engine sales in the American market received due prominence, and with the three contestants all still in the field and sharing the largest order book in aeronautical history, the debut of this new generation of engines is eagerly awaited. Now when a substantial step forward in engine fundamentals and/or manufacturing techniques has been made, the tendency is to suppose that further advance will be small and some way off. But the fascination of the aerospace business is that there is yet no sign of slowing down in the rate of progress, and it is interesting to speculate on what may be around the corner and to ask, what next? A review of development over the last decade is illuminating and provides a lead to further discussion.
WE do not apologize for devoting space this month to the Scottish Government Report on Libraries. It is, as our writers affirm, an important document and many themes for debate…
Abstract
WE do not apologize for devoting space this month to the Scottish Government Report on Libraries. It is, as our writers affirm, an important document and many themes for debate may emerge from it. If a reading circle of young librarians were formed in any district it could consider this document page by page with much profit. It is, for an official document, interesting in style. It starts many old ideas, it has the verve and certainty which we look for in the amateur rather than the professional writer. To some of its statements, for example its assertion that “libraries have reached or are approaching a temporary limit to their usefulness, because the schools have not yet given adequate training in the use and power of books,” librarians may well ask “why?” in relation to the second part of this statement; and they certainly refuse to admit or believe the first part of it. In fact, the use of libraries in such universal manner is largely the result of the work of modern libraries for children. The librarian teaches children what to read. We have not reached any such limit as is affirmed ; we are indeed only on the margin of our possibilities.
These details and drawings of patents granted in the United States are taken, by permission of the Department of Commerce, from the ‘Official Gazette of the United States Patent…
Abstract
These details and drawings of patents granted in the United States are taken, by permission of the Department of Commerce, from the ‘Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office’. Printed copies of the full specification can be obtained, price 10 cents each, from the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. They are usually available for inspection at the British Patent Office, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.2.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the increasing use of rotary or angle encoders and examine two distinct types of non‐contact encoders that employ novel technologies to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the increasing use of rotary or angle encoders and examine two distinct types of non‐contact encoders that employ novel technologies to meet the demands of very different applications.
Design/methodology/approach
Firstly, examines the design characteristics of optical angle encoders which are used for precision applications such as rotary format computer‐to‐plate pre‐press machines, machine tool A, B and C axes, and surface mount machines. Then considers magnetic encoder design, including the latest OnAxis™ technology for lower cost applications which require less precision, but are often more physically demanding.
Findings
Different rotary motion applications demand different combinations of performance and features to optimise their function – some require accuracy, others repeatability, high‐resolution or low‐cyclic error for velocity loop control, plus cost can also be a key consideration.
Practical implications
There is an increasing need to control rotary motion. An appreciation of the design principles of optical angle and rotary magnetic encoders is necessary to ensure that the correct choice of encoder is made for each application. For an angle encoder system, trade‐offs should be made to determine a realistic specification, and whilst many factors can limit achievable accuracy, techniques are available for reducing any shortfall. For applications where cost constraints and lower accuracy specifications demand a magnetic encoder, robust OnAxis™ sensor technology is gaining acceptance amongst designers, and whilst many of the basic design principles of optical encoders still apply, other specific technical aspects, such as much lower resolution and accuracy must be understood before using these devices. Hidden design costs should also be understood such as installation timings and the environmental suitability of magnets.
Originality/value
Will aid designers of rotary motion systems to make a well‐informed selection of encoder type, based on the detailed needs of their applications, including accuracy and cost budgets.
Details
Keywords
Outlines the aim, methods and content of the London Business SchoolSloan Fellowships Programme. Looks at who are the participants and theeffect the programme can have on their…
Abstract
Outlines the aim, methods and content of the London Business School Sloan Fellowships Programme. Looks at who are the participants and the effect the programme can have on their long‐term careers.
Details
Keywords
Every seaport with foreign‐going shiping trade has always had its “foreign” quarters; every large city hat had its Oriental traders and services, eg., Chinese laundries, Indian…
Abstract
Every seaport with foreign‐going shiping trade has always had its “foreign” quarters; every large city hat had its Oriental traders and services, eg., Chinese laundries, Indian restaurants, Italian restaurants, greengrocers, ice cream and biscuit manufacturers; all of which has meant that foreign foods were not unknown to food inspectors and the general public in its discerning quest for exotic food dishes. It was then largely a matter of stores specially stocking these foods for their few users. Now it is no longer the coming and going of the foreign seaman, the isolated laundry, restaurant, but large tightly knit communities of what have come to be known as the “ethnic minorities”, from the large scale immigration of coloured peoples from the old Empire countries, who have brought their families, industry and above all their food and eating habits with them. Feeding the ethnic minorities has become a large and expanding area within the food industry. There are cities in which large areas have been virtually taken over by the immigrant.
This paper extends the nature and relevance of exploring the historical roots of social and environmental accounting by investigating an account that recorded and made visible…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper extends the nature and relevance of exploring the historical roots of social and environmental accounting by investigating an account that recorded and made visible pollution in 17th century London. John Evelyn's Fumifugium (1661) is characterised as an external social account that bears resemblance to contemporary external accounting particularly given its problematising intentionality.
Design/methodology/approach
An interpretive content analysis of the text draws out the themes and features of social accounting. Emancipatory accounting theory is the theoretical lens through which Evelyn's social account is interpreted, applying a microhistory research approach. We interpret Fumifugium as a social account with reference to the context of the reporting accountant.
Findings
In this early example of a stakeholder “giving an account” rather than an “account rendered” by an entity, Evelyn problematises industrial pollution and its impacts with the stated intention of changing industrial practices. We find that Fumifugium was used in challenging, resisting and seeking to solve an environmental problem by highlighting the adverse consequences to those in power and rendering new solutions thinkable.
Originality/value
This is the first research paper to extend investigations of the historical roots of social and environmental accounting into the 17th century. It also extends research investigating alternative forms of account by focusing on a report produced by an interested party and includes a novel use of the emancipatory accounting theoretical lens to investigate this historic report. Fumifugium challenged the lack of accountability of businesses in ways similar to present-day campaigns to address the overwhelming challenge of climate change.
Details
Keywords
Describes the objectives of the Schools Involvement Programme of theMetropolitan Police Service and the range of services offered by schoolsinvolvement officers. Summarizes a…
Abstract
Describes the objectives of the Schools Involvement Programme of the Metropolitan Police Service and the range of services offered by schools involvement officers. Summarizes a variety of activities and topics for both younger and older pupils on the theme of personal safety. Provides a detailed account of tips for older pupils on staying safe in various situations, such as while on the street, travelling on public transport, earning money or out with a girlfriend or boyfriend.
Renishaw Metrology launched a Total Quality Commitment Programme nearly three years ago. Every employee is responsible for quality. Emphasis is on getting it right the first time…
Abstract
Renishaw Metrology launched a Total Quality Commitment Programme nearly three years ago. Every employee is responsible for quality. Emphasis is on getting it right the first time and prevention not detection.