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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2010

John W S Hearle

The last 65 years have seen a development of modelling of the structural mechanics of textiles at the same time as computation moved from primitive calculations to powerful…

25

Abstract

The last 65 years have seen a development of modelling of the structural mechanics of textiles at the same time as computation moved from primitive calculations to powerful software and hardware. The development of means of access to computing is described. Early work could only deal with numerical solutions at the end of analyses of simple, general models. Now it is possible to follow individual fibre elements in space and time. The paper reviews topics covered by myself and my associates in the University of Manchester and elsewhere after my retirement: fibre fine structure; yarn mechanics; fabric mechanics; product mechanics; and rope modeling. The final part of the paper discusses modeling for the 21st century, including the problem of the “virtual catwalk” and the development of software for 3D fabrics used in composites. In contrast to aesthetic design where computer aided design (CAD) has become the common mode, the industry has not taken to modeling for technical textiles. This means that there is a lack of creative interchange between academia and industry. CAD is bound to come, but it is not possible to say when and how.

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Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2004

John W.S. Hearle

Textiles have developed high‐quality materials on the basis of highly developed but empirical craft skills. The second half of the 20th century resulted in many academic papers on…

577

Abstract

Textiles have developed high‐quality materials on the basis of highly developed but empirical craft skills. The second half of the 20th century resulted in many academic papers on the analysis of the applied mechanics of fibre assemblies. However, although these researches led to useful qualitative insights, there was almost no quantitative application by the industry. Several factors indicate that the time is now ripe for a change to an engineering design culture. There are major challenges in dealing with assemblies of millions of fibres, with non‐linear, visco‐elastic‐plastic mechanical properties, in anisotropic structures subject to large deformations and strains. The paper describes two approaches to accessible model: fibre rope modelling and TechText CAD. The most useful methodology for modelling yarns, woven fabrics and fabric buckling, is discussed. The priority is to develop a software that industry uses, thus setting up a creative interchange, which will lead to advances.

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International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 16 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1995

G. Stylios, T.R. Wan and N.J. Powell

True 3‐D garment design (CAD) systems are fundamental for the next generation of intelligent textile and garment manufacture and retailing. Reports a new approach for modelling…

322

Abstract

True 3‐D garment design (CAD) systems are fundamental for the next generation of intelligent textile and garment manufacture and retailing. Reports a new approach for modelling fabric. The fabric model is developed based on a physical analogue to a deep shell system for describing and predicting the real 3‐D shape of clothes. The fabric motion is determined by deformation energy, gravity and external constraints, such as collision forces, using the deformable node bar concept. The advantages of this model are that engineering parameters can be used as model parameters directly and that the model is configured based on the surface co‐ordinate system, which is believed to be important as the basis of a powerful fashion CAD system. The model successfully simulated fabric drape and has been implemented on a synthetic female model.

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International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 7 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1926

15. This Part of this Order shall apply in the case of every sanitary inspector appointed or re‐appointed by any local authority in London and of any other sanitary inspector…

412

Abstract

15. This Part of this Order shall apply in the case of every sanitary inspector appointed or re‐appointed by any local authority in London and of any other sanitary inspector one‐half of whose salary is intended to be repayable by a county council or county borough council in pursuance of any statute in that behalf.

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British Food Journal, vol. 28 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1952

Mr N. McPherson, General Manager, has been appointed a Director of Aluminium Corporation Ltd, which is a subsidiary of the British Aluminium Company Limited, of Norfolk House, St…

19

Abstract

Mr N. McPherson, General Manager, has been appointed a Director of Aluminium Corporation Ltd, which is a subsidiary of the British Aluminium Company Limited, of Norfolk House, St. James's Square, S.W.I.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 24 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2004

George K. Stylios

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects…

3831

Abstract

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

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International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2005

Deb Hearle, Jane Prince and Valerie Rees

In 2002 there were 19.8 million people in the United Kingdom over the age of 50 and it is estimated that by 2031 there will be close to 27 million (UK National Statistics Office…

291

Abstract

In 2002 there were 19.8 million people in the United Kingdom over the age of 50 and it is estimated that by 2031 there will be close to 27 million (UK National Statistics Office, 2005). Predictions about the older population changes in the next twenty years indicate that although overall growth will be low, the numbers of ‘young old’ (65‐74) and ‘middle old’ (75‐84) remaining stable until 2011, the ‘old old’ (85+) will show a substantial increase (Grundy, 2004).Bowling et al (2002) stressed the importance of maintaining independence and control over one's life with ageing. This, together with having social roles and participating in social and voluntary activities/hobbies to include those performed alone, contributes to the foundation of good quality of life in old age. New European policies for older adults focus on the provision of equal opportunities, health promotion and stress their involvement in decision‐making (Fletcher, 2000). The increase in the ageing population is evident in the corresponding rise in the growth of nursing and residential homes, sheltered accommodation and home care support and it is anticipated that greater provision will be needed (Wittenberg et al, 1998), particularly if the aspirations of European policy are to be realised. However, some studies (eg, Sheppard, 2003) have documented the paucity of rehabilitation in residential and nursing homes and highlighted the disempowerment experienced by residents. The process of transition in the later stages of the life span from full independence in a familiar home environment to one of total care while providing security may engender feelings of helplessness with a decrease in psychological well‐being.This article outlines and discusses the findings of a study using narratives with older adults, undertaken to explore such effects of life changes, including transition, on their self‐concept.

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Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1471-7794

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1954

E. Terner

The problem of stress analysis of swept wings has been approached in different ways. Here a method is briefly surveyed in which swept structures are treated as orthotropic…

78

Abstract

The problem of stress analysis of swept wings has been approached in different ways. Here a method is briefly surveyed in which swept structures are treated as orthotropic sandwich plates of varying thickness; the resulting non‐linear partial differential equation is linearized by suitable assumptions. Thus differential bending, flexure‐torsion coupling, etc. can be treated with ease, and no virtual elastic axis is needed. Functions derived are regarded as two‐dimensional analogues of the well‐known concepts of one‐dimensional Engineers beam theory.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 26 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 17 October 2023

Samridhi Garg, Vinay Kumar Midha and Monica Sikka

In experiments utilising sweat solution and distilled water, seamed ensembles performed less thermally efficiently than unseamed fabrics.

97

Abstract

Purpose

In experiments utilising sweat solution and distilled water, seamed ensembles performed less thermally efficiently than unseamed fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach

Water may not accurately reflect perspiration when testing multi-layered clothes for thermal comfort in wet state. Most researchers used water or sodium chloride (NaCl) to measure wet state thermal comfort. However, human perspiration is an extremely complex mixture of aqueous chemicals, including minerals, salts, lipids, urea and lactic acid. This study compares the effects of simulated sweat solution to distilled water on the thermal behaviour of a multi-layered fabric assembly with different seam patterns.

Findings

Experiment results show that stitching decreases thermal resistance and thermal conductivity. Seam pattern of 10 cm diagonal spacing is more thermally resistant than 2.5 cm diagonal spacing. In comparison to that of simulated sweat, fabric that has been moistened with distilled water exhibits increased thermal conductivity. Hollow polyester wadding or micro polyester wadding as the intermediate layer exhibits greater thermal resistance than multi-layered construction with spacer fabric as middle layer.

Originality/value

This study considers human perspiration while designing protective clothing for wet thermal comfort.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 35 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Publication date: 1 May 1947

Under this heading are published monthly news of recent professional appointments, industrial developments and business changes, etc.

17

Abstract

Under this heading are published monthly news of recent professional appointments, industrial developments and business changes, etc.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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