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In the US minimum wages were initially enacted by individual states, beginning with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1912. These laws were modeled on legislation enacted over the previous two decades in Australia, New Zealand, and England (Fisher, 1926, chap. 8; Hammond, 1915, 1913; Hobson, 1915; Hart, 1994, chaps. 2 & 3; Morris, 1986). From 1912 to 1923, the legislatures of 16 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia passed minimum wage legislation, although not all of them were operational by the end of this period (Brandeis, 1935, p. 501; Clark, 1921; Millis & Montgomery, 1938, chap. 6; Morris, 1930, chap. 1).

The vast bulk of the discourse surrounding reproduction is centered on women. Yet, the rate of childlessness in the United Kingdom (and much of the world) is higher among men. Recently, there has been an increased focus on fatherhood and fathering in academia, policy, practice, and the general media. However, data on men who do not become fathers has been excluded and their experiences minimized and dismissed. Infertility research has shown that failure to achieve the high social status of parenthood has the similar effects on mental and physical health as a diagnosis of life-threatening illness. In this chapter, I will draw on two qualitative research studies to show how not achieving the pronatalist ideal of parenthood impacts on men’s identity, sense of self, behaviors, health and well-being and social networks across the life course. The workplace is an arena where people who do not fit socio-cultural norms and expectations are overtly and/or covertly stigmatized and discriminated against through policy, working practices and everyday interaction between groups and individuals. I will argue that failing to acknowledge men’s experience of non-reproduction has a significant impact on both individuals and institutions alike.

The paper's aim is to determine the role of non‐profit organizations (NPOs) in filling possible gaps in primary health care (PHC) service provision.

District (n=10) and sub‐district needs (n=14) analyses were conducted in five South African provinces. In each case, the district/sub‐district manager was interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide.

The service gaps identified were understaffing/lack of capacity, difficulty in retaining and recruiting staff, service disparities, inaccessibility of services/low‐service utilisation and limited funding. It was believed that NPOs could fill these gaps. About 83 per cent perceived the relationship between government and NPOs as good. Contract monitoring, quality of service, communication and quality control were said to be unsatisfactory. The majority of sub‐districts (11) indicated that they provided supplies to NPOs; 50 per cent perceived the relationship between the sub‐districts and NPOs as good or very good. NPOs have critical role to play in PHC service delivery.

The study provides critical information required to make informed effective strategic decisions that support district/sub‐district performance and sustainability in a decentralized health system.

The so‐called information revolution has reached the stage where the publishing industry had joined in, beginning a transformation into electronic forms as computer technology impacts in a more significant way on a relatively traditional industry. The transformation required is, over the long term, essentially a change from mass manufacture to flexible manufacturing and requires an increased marketing orientation. Technology is the enabler both of the product and, in part, of organizational change towards innovation cultures provided it is focused on the market and technology users, both within and outside the firm. This paper examines the use of an IT strategy survey of managers and key staff within a publishing organization where they have been selected from both IT and business functions. It demonstrates the method may be useful in creating an awareness of issues to be confronted to create the transformation required not just in terms of IT, but also marketing orientation and organizational modernization. It is argued that this awareness is a necessary adjunct to the formulation of corporate strategy in publishing companies as the electronic era gathers pace.

April 18, 1967 Confidence — Confidential information — Duty — Patented invention — Confidential disclosure of similar features during business negotiations — Unconscious use of information without consent — Partly public and partly private information — Damages.

Major concern over monopolies and trusts was one of the distinguishing marks of the American Economic Association from its foundation and lasted well into the early 1900s (Coats, 1960). The failed merger attempt of the Northern Securities Company and the subsequent panic of 1902–1903, the 1907 financial crisis and its aftermath, as well as the ostensibly illegal financial practices of many conglomerates, all contributed to keep the trusts issue alive on academic circles. But it was only after the 1911 Court decisions that the debate on the trust problem and the necessary measures to amend the existing antitrust legislation acquired new vigor and incisiveness.³

This paper argues for the need for a public health psychology based on the same epidemiological principles that came from the medical work of John Snow in the Victorian era.

Based on the work of a national advisory group set up in 2006, evidence is put forward that supports the existence of universal psychological needs underlying the human condition and human well‐being. In a country with a low rating from UNICEF for well‐being amongst its young people, the case is made for using these principles to inform health practice and policy rather than responding reactively to mental health disorders as discrete conditions.

The paper finds that effective health services and happier communities can only hope to be built by having an explicit scientific model of the human condition that includes universal psychological needs.

The paper argues the need for an effective public health psychology based on the universal psychological needs of the human condition.

The March issue of the Journal of Chemical Technology contains the following article, with every word of which we cordially agree. It is gratifying to find that there is one—if only one—of our scientific Journals which has the courage and the patriotism to speak out and to do so in vigorous terms. The indictment of the flabby persons belonging to the Chemical Profession who by their ineptitude and inertia are condoning the bestial crimes of the modern Huns is well‐timed and thoroughly deserved.