While substantial literature has addressed the benefits that sponsors seek from linking with a sports property, relatively little attention has been given to the potential costs…
Abstract
While substantial literature has addressed the benefits that sponsors seek from linking with a sports property, relatively little attention has been given to the potential costs businesses risk from such relationships. This paper suggests that beyond ambushing there are eight risks companies are likely to consider. Four can be controlled relatively easily: liability exposure; insensitivity to public sentiment to changing established rules or formats, the name of a facility or team or a team's uniform; insensitivity to the prevailing societal and political environment; and opposition from workers or stockholders. Companies have less control over: poor presentation of the event; poor performance by either the sponsored team/player or the company's products if the event is being used as a demonstration platform; association with disreputable behaviour; and trauma to performers.
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Patricia A. Maguire and Muzaffer Uysal
Crompton (1979) has stated that the raison d'être of leisure service delivery Systems is to ensure that adequate opportunities exist through the provision of recreation activities…
Abstract
Crompton (1979) has stated that the raison d'être of leisure service delivery Systems is to ensure that adequate opportunities exist through the provision of recreation activities and programs for members of the community to enjoy. It is not important who provides these opportunities as long as they are provided at an equitable price. This may be true in the abstract, however, in the U.S.A. today, like most western nations, there is a mixed economy in which public and private sectors co‐exist, co‐operate and compete in recreation/tourism development. Today, there are many issues and much controversy regarding the appropriate roles which should be taken by public and private suppliers of tourism/recreation.
Cet article se propose d'étudier les caractéristiques du Grand Tour et celles du tourisme actuel afin de dégager des bases théoriques permettant par la suite d'élaborer un modèle…
Abstract
Cet article se propose d'étudier les caractéristiques du Grand Tour et celles du tourisme actuel afin de dégager des bases théoriques permettant par la suite d'élaborer un modèle d'éducation au loisir touristique. Ce modèle viserait à dépasser Ie ‘comment voyager’ pour donner au touriste les outils nécessaires à un développement cognitif, affectif, culturel et social. Cette ambition repose sur des données de diverses disciplines des sciences sociales et sur Ie fait que Ie tourisme n'est pas seulement une industrie, mais avant tout un agent de développement humain. Comme Ie souligne François Ascher “ce n'est pas Ie tourisme qui permet Ie développement économique, mais celuice qui rend profitable Ie tourisme.”
Few issues in recent times have so provoked debate and dissention within the library field as has the concept of fees for user services. The issue has aroused the passions of our…
Abstract
Few issues in recent times have so provoked debate and dissention within the library field as has the concept of fees for user services. The issue has aroused the passions of our profession precisely because its roots and implications extend far beyond the confines of just one service discipline. Its reflection is mirrored in national debates about the proper spheres of the public and private sectors—in matters of information generation and distribution, certainly, but in a host of other social ramifications as well, amounting virtually to a debate about the most basic values which we have long assumed to constitute the very framework of our democratic and humanistic society.
The goal of a behavior analysis approach to travel studies is to understand the psychological forces that motivate an individual traveler, that influence the various…
Abstract
The goal of a behavior analysis approach to travel studies is to understand the psychological forces that motivate an individual traveler, that influence the various travel‐related decisions the individual makes, and that impact the level of satisfaction with a destination region (Chon, 1989). A number of tourism and recreation researchers have investigated the reasons why people travel; studied the traveler's travel purchase behavior; and emphasized the image of a tourist destination and the tourist's perception of an attitude toward a tourist destination.
If you ask most people about cost and price they believe they understand exactly what is meant. Cost is what you pay for an item and price is what the seller asks — and for most…
Abstract
If you ask most people about cost and price they believe they understand exactly what is meant. Cost is what you pay for an item and price is what the seller asks — and for most buyers the transactions are the same. However, cost and price are different to different players in a transaction. There is the cost of creating, developing, producing, marketing, supporting, distributing, storing, and selling an item. There is the retail or list, wholesale, sale, or discounted price at which the item is sold and which the purchaser pays. It sounds simple, but in reality it is a complex process involving a high degree of subjective judgment.
Alan J. Bush and David I. Ortinau
One unique group of consumers which has recently attracted the attention of many marketing professionals is the yuppie (young urban professional) market segment. Yet little is…
Abstract
One unique group of consumers which has recently attracted the attention of many marketing professionals is the yuppie (young urban professional) market segment. Yet little is known or understood about this segment's service needs, preferences, and behavior or about the marketing strategies necessary to attract this type of consumer to various types of services. The study described here directly investigates yuppie consumers and their preferences and habits concerning services. This article utilizes a study among yuppies concerning a particular service, as well as previous literature on the yuppie market, to provide meaningful insights as to how marketing decision makers can develop more effective marketing strategies to attract yuppie consumers to the various service offerings.
Erdener Kaynak and Orsay Kucukemiroglu
The purpose of this empirical study is to find out the similarities and differences between first and multiple time Hong Kong holiday makers in their selection of foreign holiday…
Abstract
The purpose of this empirical study is to find out the similarities and differences between first and multiple time Hong Kong holiday makers in their selection of foreign holiday destinations and the type of activities they are engaged in while spending their vacations away from home. Study results indicate that there are demographic, socio‐economic and behavioral differences between first and multiple time Hong Kong overseas visitors. These pronounced differences between the two segments can be used in the development of appropriate marketing strategies to attract higher numbers of tourists to the same destination.
Ali Bavik, Chen-Feng Kuo and John Ap
Numerous scales have been developed and utilized in the tourism and hospitality field, yet, their psychometric properties have not been systematically reviewed and evaluated. This…
Abstract
Numerous scales have been developed and utilized in the tourism and hospitality field, yet, their psychometric properties have not been systematically reviewed and evaluated. This gap compromises researchers' ability to develop better measures and improve measurement decisions. In this current study, 56 scales were identified and evaluated in terms of their psychometric properties. It was found that most scales were imperfect in measuring tourism and hospitality domains, and most scales did not provide explicit information about the scale development procedures that were adopted. The scale development procedure and psychometric properties of the reviewed scales are summarized, evaluated, and recommendations are made for future tourism and hospitality scale development.
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Arthur Seakhoa-King, Marcjanna M Augustyn and Peter Mason