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Article
Publication date: 6 March 2017

Jurgita Rimkeviciene, John O’Gorman and Diego De Leo

Recent reports raise suicidality among asylum seekers as a pertinent issue in current Australian offshore detention centres. However, knowledge on the nature of the suicidality in…

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Abstract

Purpose

Recent reports raise suicidality among asylum seekers as a pertinent issue in current Australian offshore detention centres. However, knowledge on the nature of the suicidality in these centres is very limited. The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth how suicidality arises and develops in offshore detention centres.

Design/methodology/approach

A single case study approach was used.

Findings

This case study presents the findings on the suicidal process of an asylum seeker who attempted suicide three times while in Nauru Regional Processing Centre, the last of which being a near-lethal one. The prolonged mandatory detention, together with lack of clarity about the timeframes of detention and constant postponing of the legal processes were identified as the main factors driving the suicidal intent. The suicidal behaviour escalated from an interrupted attempt to a near lethal one within two years, which signals lack of adequate suicide prevention within detention.

Practical implications

The resources for mental health being limited in Nauru, it is likely overall changes in refugee status processing may be a more effective suicide prevention strategy rather than implementation of other additional measures.

Originality/value

Studies in offshore processing facilities have been scarce due to barriers for researchers to access the detention centres. This study offers a unique insight into suicidality in this hard to reach population.

Details

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-9894

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Article
Publication date: 28 September 2018

Abhimanyu Ghosh, Eph Sparrow and John Gorman

This paper aims to investigate and understand the fluid mechanics of piezometer rings, a device frequently encountered in engineering practice.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate and understand the fluid mechanics of piezometer rings, a device frequently encountered in engineering practice.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation, implemented by numerical simulation, is based on turbulent flow in a pipe with a 90-degree bend. The pipe Reynolds numbers ranged from approximately 50,000 to 200,000. Two rings, with different dimensions, were investigated. Each ring consisted of four radially deployed straight segments of tubing which connect the pipe to a surrounding circular ring. The interconnections between the pipe and the ring were situated at 90-degree intervals around the circumference of the pipe.

Findings

The focus was directed to optimal circumferential locations of the radial connections, the optimal circumferential locations for accurate pressure measurements and the pressure drop penalty incurred by the use of a piezometer ring. For both of the investigated piezometer ring configurations, it was found that measurement locations situated just beyond the points of intermediate circumferential pressure variations were suitable for determining accurate values. The pressure drop was seen to increase because of the presence of the ring. For the smaller ring configuration, the increase in relative pressure drop was on the order 15 per cent, whereas the larger ring configuration lead to a 10 per cent increase.

Originality/value

This is the first attempt known to the authors to investigate and understand the fluid mechanics of piezometer rings.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 28 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 14 September 2018

John Gorman and Eph Sparrow

The purpose of this study is to examine the physical processes experienced by a particle-laden gas due to various types of collisions, different heat transfer modalities and jet…

118

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the physical processes experienced by a particle-laden gas due to various types of collisions, different heat transfer modalities and jet axis switching. Here, attention is focused on a particle-laden gas subjected to jet axis switching while experiencing fluid flow and heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used to model and solve these complex problems is numerical simulation treated here as a two-phase turbulent flow in which the gas and the particles keep their separate identities. For the turbulent flow model, validation was achieved by comparisons with appropriate experimental data. The considered interactions between the fluid and the particles include one-way fluid–particle interactions, two-way fluid–particle interactions and particle–particle interactions.

Findings

For the fluid flow portion of the work, emphasis was placed on the particle collection efficiency and on independent variables that affect this quantity and the trajectories of the fluid and of the particles as they traverse the space between the jet orifice and the impingement plate. The extent of the effect depended on four factors: particle size, particle density, number of particles and the velocity of the fluid flow. The major effect on the heat transferred to the impingement plate occurred when direct heat transfer between the impinging particles and the plate was taken into account.

Originality/value

This paper deals with issues never before dealt with in the published literature: the effect of jet axis switching on the fluid mechanics of gas-particle flows without heat transfer and the effect of jet axis switching and the presence of particles on jet impingement heat transfer. The overall focus of the work is on the impact of jet axis switching on particle-laden fluid flow and heat transfer.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 28 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 3 January 2017

Yilmaz Bayazit, Eph Sparrow and John Gorman

The purpose of this paper is to provide both directly applicable fluid-flow results and fluid-mechanic fundamentals for flow impinging at an angle of attack on a perforated plate.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide both directly applicable fluid-flow results and fluid-mechanic fundamentals for flow impinging at an angle of attack on a perforated plate.

Design/methodology/approach

A physical situation was modeled with high fidelity, and the model was implemented by numerical simulation. The simulations spanned all possible flow regimes including laminar, intermittent (transitional) and turbulent, and the Reynolds numbers that defined each flow regime were definitively determined. The Reynolds numbers ranged from 0.1 to 30,000, the angles of attack included 0, 5, 15 and 22.5° and the host duct dimensions varied appropriately.

Findings

It was found that the perforated-plate pressure drop decreased moderately with an increasing angle of attack, an outcome directly relevant to design. The pattern of fluid flow caused by the presence of the plate was dominated by a large recirculation zone situated downstream of the plate in a corner between the plate and an adjacent wall. The recirculation zone played the role of a blockage which deflected the flow emerging from the apertures in the plate toward the opposite wall.

Originality/value

(a) Pressure drop information directly applicable to design, (b) downstream distance from the plate at which the plate-created flow disturbance disappears, (c) account taken of the intermittent flow regime between laminar and turbulent, (d) implementation of a new metric to characterize the strength of turbulence.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 27 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 20 June 2019

Phillip Tanner, John Gorman and Eph Sparrow

The purpose of this study is to quantify the relationship between the fluid flow and pressure drop for perforated plates. The homogenization of non-uniform fluid flows is often…

992

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to quantify the relationship between the fluid flow and pressure drop for perforated plates. The homogenization of non-uniform fluid flows is often accomplished by passing the fluid through perforated plates. The underlying principle for the accomplishment of flow homogenization is a tradeoff of pressure drop for flow uniformity.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation, implemented by numerical simulation, is based on turbulent flow in pipes and across perforated plates. The approach is as follows: (a) to devise a model to determine pressure drop’s fluid flow information from a single-aperture, (b) to obtain this information for apertures of different shapes, (c) to determine this type of information for perforated plates situated in a circular pipe, (d) to compare the entire perforated-plate pressure drop with that for a single-aperture modular and (e) to analyze two identical perforated plates in series.

Findings

The pressure drop results for the single-aperture modular model agreed very well with those for a whole perforated plate in a round pipe, therefore negating the need to simulate the more complex situation. In addition to the parametric study with aperture shape and Reynolds number, porosities (20-60 per cent) and plate thicknesses were also varied. The results obtained here compared favorably with experimental data.

Originality/value

This work demonstrates an efficient method for analyzing and obtaining useful pressure drop information for perforated plates. For the first time, the porous media approach for modeling perforated plates is compared directly to complete, full-scale perforated plate applications and identical plates in series.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 3 April 2017

John Gorman, Eph Sparrow and Kevin Krautbauer

The study described here aims to set forth an analysis approach for a specific biomedical therapeutic device principally involving fluid mechanics and resulting sound generation…

145

Abstract

Purpose

The study described here aims to set forth an analysis approach for a specific biomedical therapeutic device principally involving fluid mechanics and resulting sound generation. The function of the therapeutic device is to clear mucus from the airways of the lungs. Clearance of the airways is a primary means of relief for cystic fibrosis and is also effective in less profound dysfunctions such as asthma. The complete system consists of a device to periodically pulse air pressure and a vest that girdles the abdomen of the patient and receives and discharges the pulsating airflow. The source of pulsed air can be tuned both with respect to the amplitude and frequency of the pressure pulsations.

Design/methodology/approach

The key design tools used here are computational fluid dynamics and the theory of turbulence-based sound generation. The fluid flow inside of the device is multidimensional, unsteady and turbulent.

Findings

Results provided by the fluid mechanic study include the rates of fluid flow between the device and the inflatable vest, the rates of air supplied to and extracted from the device, the fluid velocity magnitudes and directions that result from the geometry of the device and the magnitude of the turbulence generated by the fluid motion and the rotating component of the device. Both the velocity magnitudes and the strength of the turbulence contribute to the quantitative evaluation of the sound generation.

Originality/value

A comprehensive literature search on this type of therapeutic device to clear mucus from the airways of the lungs revealed no previous analysis of the fluid flow and sound generation inside of the device producing the pulsed airflow. The results presented in this paper pinpoint the locations and causes of sound generation that can cause audible discomfort for patients.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 27 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 21 October 2024

Aaron Atkins, Alexander L. Lancaster and Michael K. Ault

Decisions regarding the termination of organizational members are not only common but also represent difficult actions for managers. Despite their importance and frequency…

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Abstract

Purpose

Decisions regarding the termination of organizational members are not only common but also represent difficult actions for managers. Despite their importance and frequency, managers often make or avoid them based on incomplete or faulty decision-making criteria. Previous research suggests that decision-makers are subject to internal influences that play significant roles in their decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a controlled between-groups experimental design, this study, guided by the heuristic-systematic model, tested to what extent decision-makers rely on heuristic cues versus the systematic processing of more relevant information when making termination decisions.

Findings

Findings suggest the order in which information is presented influences participants’ decision-making and influences the information-processing structure.

Practical implications

Findings suggest practical considerations for managers, management trainees and others who engage in termination decisions as to potential influencing factors.

Originality/value

This research adds to the understanding of the decision-making process in organizational contexts.

Details

Journal of Communication Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-254X

Keywords

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Abstract

Details

Popular Music, Popular Myth and Cultural Heritage in Cleveland: The Moondog, The Buzzard, and the Battle for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-156-8

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Article
Publication date: 13 November 2007

Jane L. Fowler, Amanda J. Gudmundsson and John G. O'Gorman

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between specific gender combinations of mentor‐mentee and distinct mentoring functions.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between specific gender combinations of mentor‐mentee and distinct mentoring functions.

Design/methodology/approach

Of the 500 participants, 272 were mentees and 228 were mentors from public‐ and private‐sector organisations, representing all four gender combinations of mentor‐mentee. Participants completed a 36‐item measure of mentoring functions.

Findings

Hierarchical regression analyses revealed few significant relationships between gender and mentoring functions. As far as mentees were concerned, female mentors provided personal and emotional guidance to a greater extent than male mentors; female mentors provided career development facilitation to a greater extent than male mentors and female mentees were provided with career development facilitation to a greater extent than male mentees; also female mentees were provided with role modelling to a greater extent than male mentees. As far as mentors were concerned, there were no significant differences in the functions provided to female and male mentees.

Research limitations/implications

The study emphasized the need to use measurement tools that examine distinct, rather than categories of, mentoring functions. The findings also suggest that gender may not be as influential, with regard to mentoring functions, as has previously been proffered. Knowledge about the relationships between gender and particular mentoring functions may be beneficial for potential and actual mentees and mentors as they make decisions about becoming involved in mentoring relationships, engage in contracting processes, and monitor and review their relationships.

Originality/value

The study was the first to explore the perceptions of both mentees and mentors on gender differences in mentoring functions provided, using an adequate sample and a mentoring instrument designed on a gender representative sample.

Details

Women in Management Review, vol. 22 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0964-9425

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Article
Publication date: 5 September 2008

Yang‐Im Lee and Peter R.J. Trim

The purpose of this paper is to outline how a three phase marketing planning process model can assist marketing managers based in overseas companies to formulate a strategy for…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline how a three phase marketing planning process model can assist marketing managers based in overseas companies to formulate a strategy for entering the South Korean market.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of relevant literature and the development of a conceptual marketing planning process model.

Findings

South Korea has undergone rapid transformation in the past twenty years and South Korean electronics companies have established themselves as global companies. Overseas companies can operate in the South Korean market provided that they form partnership arrangements with domestic companies. Prior to attempting to enter the South Korean market, managers in overseas companies should study how South Korean companies implement their global marketing strategy(ies). This should provide them with an understanding of the Korean organizational value system and prepare them to enter into partnership arrangements based on mutuality.

Research limitations/implications

Managers based in overseas companies need to understand how facilitating technology such as the internet is helping to transform the retailing sector in South Korea.

Practical implications

There are a number of problems associated with the retail distribution system in South Korea and senior managers based in overseas companies need to have an appreciation of how South Korean companies compete and how they respond to government initiatives/pressure.

Originality/value

The model outlined in the paper should allow marketing managers in overseas companies to implement the strategic marketing approach and select the most appropriate partner organization to do business with.

Details

Business Strategy Series, vol. 9 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1751-5637

Keywords

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