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Article
Publication date: 3 July 2013

David Terpstra, André Honorée and John Friedl

This study aims to examine whether the demographics of the US federal judiciary and the type of employment discrimination charge influence federal employment discrimination case…

1014

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine whether the demographics of the US federal judiciary and the type of employment discrimination charge influence federal employment discrimination case outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The outcomes of 401 randomly selected employment discrimination cases were examined by utilizing chi square analysis to test the interaction effects of race and gender along with four different charges of employment discrimination.

Findings

The findings suggest that the outcomes of employment discrimination cases are a function of the interaction of the judges' gender and race along with the type of discrimination charge (e.g. gender, race, age, or disability discrimination) involved in the case.

Research limitations/implications

More research studies with larger cell sample sizes for certain discrimination claims should be conducted to ascertain the validity of the current results.

Practical implications

Potential litigants in employment discrimination cases (both plaintiffs and defendants) may find these results relevant in determining their chances for success in the courtroom.

Social implications

These findings could help judges become more aware of potential biases and help guard against being influenced by them. These findings may also have implications for the selection and appointment of judges and suggest that judicial bodies that are more diverse may render more unbiased rulings.

Originality/value

Previous research regarding the influence of the sex and race of the judge on court case outcomes has yielded contradictory and confusing findings. However, by controlling for the possible influence of the type of charge involved in the cases, the findings of the current study suggest that judges' rulings are a function of the interaction of the judges' demographic characteristics with the type of discrimination charge.

Details

International Journal of Law and Management, vol. 55 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-243X

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Article
Publication date: 3 July 2013

Chris Gale

54

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Law and Management, vol. 55 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-243X

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Book part
Publication date: 30 December 2004

David M. Penetar and Karl E. Friedl

Understanding how health status and physiological factors affect performance is a daunting task. This chapter will discuss physiological, behavioral, and psychological factors…

Abstract

Understanding how health status and physiological factors affect performance is a daunting task. This chapter will discuss physiological, behavioral, and psychological factors that influence or determine the capacity to fight, and will consider metrics that can be used to measure their status. The premise of this discussion is that there is a set of physiological and psychological factors that intimately affect performance and that the relative contribution of these variables is individually unique. These factors can be identified and assessed, and are amenable to modification. A fuller understanding of these variables can lead the effort to maintain and improve performance in the adverse and challenging environments of military operations.

Details

The Science and Simulation of Human Performance
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-296-2

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Article
Publication date: 22 April 2010

Kris Portz and John C. Lere

As business becomes increasingly global, it is important for managers to appreciate that practices that work well in one country may not work as well in other countries. This…

1046

Abstract

As business becomes increasingly global, it is important for managers to appreciate that practices that work well in one country may not work as well in other countries. This article compares cost center practices under Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK), a common approach to cost accounting in Germany, and typical cost center practices in the United States. Differences between Germany and the United States on Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension and in workforce and management education provide possible explanations for differences in the responsibility assigned to cost center managers between Germany and the United States. Differences in cost center practices concerning classification of costs, measures to use when considering changes in costs, and the size and scope of the cost center between Germany and the United States all support these differences in cost center manager responsibility.

Details

American Journal of Business, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1935-519X

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Article
Publication date: 17 May 2013

Srikanta Routroy and Sudeep Kumar Pradhan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sourcing alternatives (i.e. supplier development (SD), supplier switching (SS) and in‐house production (IP)) in an Indian manufacturing…

1491

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sourcing alternatives (i.e. supplier development (SD), supplier switching (SS) and in‐house production (IP)) in an Indian manufacturing supply chain environment.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 14 attributes are identified through an extensive literature review and discussion held with managers/engineers of different Indian manufacturing companies for analyzing the sourcing alternatives. A systematic methodology is proposed and applied, comprising a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for analyzing the sourcing alternatives followed by the application of classical analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for result verification.

Findings

From the results obtained from both AHP and FAHP, it is established that the SD is the most preferred alternative in comparison to other two alternatives (i.e. SS and IP) for the considered Indian manufacturing environment.

Research limitations/implications

The same problem can be extended by incorporating the dynamic behavior of the attributes. The findings cannot be generalized for any other company as it is based on a single Indian manufacturing company.

Practical implications

The paper demonstrates a methodology to evaluate the sourcing alternatives considering judgment of multiple experts in a systematic way. It is believed that it will be quite useful for the supply chain manager to analyze sourcing alternatives by capturing his manufacturing environment into priority weights, which can reflect his priority considerations.

Originality/value

Although SD, SS and IP have been widely researched individually, no study has been reported in the literature to evaluate and rank these three alternatives in any specific Indian manufacturing environment.

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Article
Publication date: 18 January 2022

Jiafeng Gu

The study aims to investigate the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') prenatal testosterone exposure, absorptive capacity and e-commerce adoption by small and…

815

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') prenatal testosterone exposure, absorptive capacity and e-commerce adoption by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a study of 1,519 SMEs led by a male CEO in China, the impact of entrepreneur's digital ratio on e-commerce adoption is empirically analyzed through a multivariate logistic model.

Findings

The results show that the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a reverse measurement of prenatal testosterone exposure, is negatively correlated with the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs. This evidence suggests that CEOs with high prenatal testosterone exposure have a higher probability of adopting e-commerce. In addition, this research indicates a positive correlation between absorptive capacity, which is defined by market innovation, process innovation and marketing innovation, and the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs.

Originality/value

This research can contribute to the discussion by providing new insights into the antecedents of the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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Book part
Publication date: 28 August 2018

Vincenzo Nicolò

The title of this book suggests the possibility that new ways of managing innovative processes may favour an evolution of the economy towards an altruistic model. This chapter…

Abstract

The title of this book suggests the possibility that new ways of managing innovative processes may favour an evolution of the economy towards an altruistic model. This chapter argues that the acceleration of innovative processes at the turn of the millennium has produced, or at least has not avoided, phenomena of the concentration of wealth and power in which it is difficult to discern an altruistic root. It is observed that the cultural models developed to interpret innovative phenomena are also focused on the profit of individual companies and not on altruistic values. The author goes on to indicate the appropriateness of referring to less limited phenomenological models and suggests exploring an analogy of innovation with Darwinian evolution. An outline of this approach is provided.

Details

Exploring the Culture of Open Innovation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-789-0

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Book part
Publication date: 6 September 2021

Paul B. Lester

Despite the widespread attribution that stressful crucible experiences result in important individual developmental change within leaders, a deeper exploration of the mechanisms…

Abstract

Despite the widespread attribution that stressful crucible experiences result in important individual developmental change within leaders, a deeper exploration of the mechanisms of that change is warranted. Likewise, literature linking the crucible and individual change to social and organizational considerations, including how organizations can plan for and sponsor institutionalized crucibles, is sparse. Thus, the intent of this chapter is to begin to synthesize the crucible, cognitive development, and stress literatures to show important linkages, risks, and outcomes, then provide a basic blueprint of planning considerations for organizations that desire to establish their own crucible events that target leader development.

Details

Examining and Exploring the Shifting Nature of Occupational Stress and Well-Being
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-422-0

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Article
Publication date: 27 May 2022

Zhi Wang, Arvind Upadhyay and Anil Kumar

Facing the challenges posed by the pandemic of COVID-19, this paper aims to contribute to the resilience of businesses through the development of a real options approach (ROA…

209

Abstract

Purpose

Facing the challenges posed by the pandemic of COVID-19, this paper aims to contribute to the resilience of businesses through the development of a real options approach (ROA) that provides alternatives and opportunities for a decision process under situations when future events and outcomes are unknown and not capable of being known from current information.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper involves a stochastic modelling process in generating a set of absolute option values, using available data and scenarios from the COVID-19 pandemic event. The modelling and simulations using ROA suggest how strategic portfolios resolve the growing problem during the endemic to all but in the most isolated societies.

Findings

This study finds the emergent correlation between circuit breakers and lockdowns, which have brought about a “distorted gravity” effect (inverse growth of global businesses and trades). However, “time-to-build” real options (i.e. deferral, expand, switch and compound exchange) start to function in the adaptive-transformative capabilities for growth opportunities of both government and corporate sectors. Significantly, some sectors grow faster than others while the compound exchange remains primarily challenging. Clearly, the government and corporate sectors are entangled, inevitably, the decoherence allows for the former to change uncertainty in the latter; therefore, government sector options change option values in the corporate sector.

Originality/value

The ROA by empirically focusing on both government and corporate sectors demonstrates under conditions of uncertainty how options in decision-making generate opportunities that hitherto have not been recognised and exercised upon by research in the immediate context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, the ROA provides an insightful concatenation (capability–behaviour approach) that drives resilience.

Details

Journal of Modelling in Management, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5664

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1992

Betty A. Dobratz

It is, of course, Aristotle who pointed out that “Man is by nature a political animal” (quotation taken from Lipset, 1981:vii). One could of course speculate whether he meant only…

237

Abstract

It is, of course, Aristotle who pointed out that “Man is by nature a political animal” (quotation taken from Lipset, 1981:vii). One could of course speculate whether he meant only the male half of the human species were political animals. It is, however, the case that men tend to participate more in politics than women. This particular study focuses upon men and women's political participation in Greece, the place many regard as the birthplace of democracy.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 12 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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