The purpose of this paper is to present issues regarding broadband access in the coming years with at least four different competing broadband access forms. It aims to present…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present issues regarding broadband access in the coming years with at least four different competing broadband access forms. It aims to present regulatory issues in relation to that. It also aims to describe the use of profitability analyses as the basis for price decisions both in regulatory policy and in business strategy considerations.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a description of trends for demand and supply for broadband access and regulatory policy, and presentation of a methodology for profitability analyses.
Findings
The most probable outcome for the coming decade is that no one of the four different broadband access forms can obtain more than a maximum of 30‐40 per cent penetration, which has an impact of the size of obtainable benefits of economies of scale and scope. Profitability analyses are a necessary and useful tool to make price decisions both for the regulator and for the big companies in the sector.
Originality/value
The paper has not been presented elsewhere. In autumn 2011, however, it will be used in a Telecommunications Economics course at Copenhagen University.
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The purpose of this paper was to present a number of issues regarding broadband access strategies in the coming years with at least four different competing broadband access…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to present a number of issues regarding broadband access strategies in the coming years with at least four different competing broadband access forms. Pricing, investment and financing in relation to these issues are presented. The developments of interconnection and Internet governance are also presented.
Design/methodology/approach
Description of trends for demand and supply for broadband access and the challenges for financing of the necessary investments.
Findings
The most probable outcome for the coming decade is that a broadband access strategy is very dependent on where you believe the saturation level for the demand of bandwidth from normal residential household will be. Wireline and mobile wireless solutions will probably mainly be complements. Furthermore, there is a challenge for the whole telecommunication sector in relation to financing the necessary investments, because several factors are forcing the profit level in the sector downwards. The ongoing merger of two different interconnection regimes has an impact on the economy for network operators. Finally, the challenge of how to govern the Internet is emphasized.
Originality/value
The paper provides a new structure for how to analyse the challenges for the telecom operators regarding choice of access strategy, financing of investments and governance.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the necessary analyses to be made by incumbents and other players in the telecommunication sector regarding the change from PSTN voice…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the necessary analyses to be made by incumbents and other players in the telecommunication sector regarding the change from PSTN voice services to voice over IP (VoIP). This change will in many circumstances be combined with the supply of TV via the broadband access connection (TVoIP). Thereby, triple play can be offered.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper provides a description of trends for demand and supply for VoIP and TVoIP and analyses of consequences for market structure, prices and regulation.
Findings
Price issues as well as strengths and weaknesses for the different players are presented. The introduction of VoIP and of TVoIP will also change the regulatory regime. Two‐way access interconnection problems will increase and the choice between the peering or termination payment needs to be made.
Originality/value
The paper provides a framework allowing different kinds of player to assess strategies of whether, how and when they might enter the VoiP market.
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Robert E. Looney and Peter C. Frederiksen
This paper examines the relationship between defense spending and budgetary allocations to various programs for twelve Middle Eastern and North African/Mediterranean countries in…
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between defense spending and budgetary allocations to various programs for twelve Middle Eastern and North African/Mediterranean countries in an attempt to see if spending patterns vary systematically with changes (both anticipated and unanticipated) in the budget deficit or defense expenditures. Detailed results are presented for Syria and Oman although general patterns are discussed for all countries. Not surprisingly, we found that budget tradeoffs are complex and reflect different priorities across countries. Increases in deficits can either offset or reinforce changes in defense spending. Defense and socio-economic tradeoffs vary considerably depending on whether the country spends relatively a lot or little on defense. We conclude that there are probably some long-run costs associated with sample countries cutting growth intensive programs to accommodate defense.
The relationship between trust, accountability and procedural justice is studied via research into British credit unions (CUs) following regulatory reform to remedy problems…
Abstract
Purpose
The relationship between trust, accountability and procedural justice is studied via research into British credit unions (CUs) following regulatory reform to remedy problems exposed by the 2007–2008 global financial crisis.
Design/methodology/approach
Interviews at 13 case studies of different types and sizes of credit unions in Glasgow, Scotland, are examined using template analysis and abductive theorizing to understand the effects of disproportionate reforms on small credit unions.
Findings
Smaller credit unions found three regulatory changes – namely dual regulators, increased minimum reserves and introduction of the Senior Managers and Certification Regime – excessive. Excessive change generated distrust in regulators. Regulators' insufficient attention to procedural justice contributed to this distrust.
Originality/value
Linkage of multidimensional confluent trust to a multilevel system of accountability provides an original way of understanding how indiscriminate attempts at trust repair damage some elements of trust in formal regulatory systems. Recognition of the need for procedural justice to enable smaller credit unions to articulate their extant checks and potential exemption from formal regulations provides another valuable contribution. The explanation of the abductive logic employed is also original.
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Karin Hellerstedt, Karl Wennberg and Lars Frederiksen
This chapter investigates how regional start-up rates in the knowledge-intensive services and high-tech industries are influenced by knowledge spillovers from both universities…
Abstract
This chapter investigates how regional start-up rates in the knowledge-intensive services and high-tech industries are influenced by knowledge spillovers from both universities and firm-based R&D activities. Integrating insights from economic geography and organizational ecology into the literature on entrepreneurship, we develop a theoretical framework which captures how both supply- and demand-side factors mold the regional bedrock for start-ups in knowledge-intensive industries. Using multilevel data of all knowledge-intensive start-ups across 286 Swedish municipalities between 1994 and 2002 we demonstrate how characteristics of the economic and political milieu within each region influence the ratio of firm births. We find that knowledge spillovers from universities and firm-based R&D strongly affect the start-up rates for both high-tech firms and knowledge-intensive services firms. Further, the start-up rate of knowledge-intensive service firms is tied more strongly to the supply of university educated individuals and the political regulatory regime within the municipality than start-ups in high-tech industries. This suggests that knowledge-intensive service-start-ups are more susceptible to both demand-side and supply-side context than is the case for high-tech start-ups in general. Our study contributes to the growing stream of research that explains entrepreneurial activity as shaped by contextual factors, most notably academic institutions, such as universities that contribute to knowledge-intensive start-ups.
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This chapter explores the multifaceted present-day social and cultural constructions of adolescence in a Nordic Atlantic society, the Faroe Islands. Based on young people’s…
Abstract
This chapter explores the multifaceted present-day social and cultural constructions of adolescence in a Nordic Atlantic society, the Faroe Islands. Based on young people’s perspectives and narratives, this chapter delves into the transition from youthhood to adulthood in the context of a small-scale, family-oriented society in shift. Drawing on sociological theoretical writing about “waiting” and “waithood” in relation to the (often temporally extended or delayed) transition from adolescence to full adulthood in a globalizing world, as well as social anthropological studies of future-making, my aim is to outline the new futural orientations of contemporary adolescence with focus on aspirations for work and family life. Young people, the chapter argues, are waiting and navigating in a society with multiple parallel temporalities: When to marry? When to get children? When to earn your own money and have your own home? These and many other questions define waithood in contemporary society, which is characterized by an increasingly precarious avenue toward promising futures resonating the socially accepted ways of performing adulthood. In the Faroe Islands, an island society with roughly 54,000 inhabitants, young people’s waiting is very often also a question of staying or leaving, that is, mobility and migration strategies. The waiting entails pace as a strategy for the future (Eisenstein, 2021). Adolescent islanders aim to “hit the right pace” in their future imaginaries. This chapter contributes to sociological discussions on the social construction of adolescence with focus on the meaning of time and temporalities. It relies on empirical material from extensive qualitative studies in the Faroe Islands.
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Jonathan Led Larsen, Katrine Schepelern Johansen, Julie Nordgaard and Mimi Yung Mehlsen
Cannabis use in the context of psychosis has been shown to have a negative impact on prognosis and yet it is difficult to treat. Recent randomized controlled trials all have…
Abstract
Purpose
Cannabis use in the context of psychosis has been shown to have a negative impact on prognosis and yet it is difficult to treat. Recent randomized controlled trials all have negative findings and novel approaches is sought after. This paper aims to use an embodied cognition framework to add to the understanding of cannabis use in psychosis.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents longitudinal, qualitative data on two individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and using cannabis at least twice weekly prior to inclusion in the study. Factors influencing cannabis use were mapped in dialogue with the participants. Each participant was interviewed six times over the course of a year. The analysis was informed theoretically to describe processes maintaining or ameliorating cannabis use over time.
Findings
This study shows that a systems approach for understanding changes in cannabis use is meaningful; the richness of observations add to the understanding of differences in outcomes. Findings suggest that reductions in cannabis use in psychosis could be dependent on synergistic effects between contextual conditions. Attending closer to the experience of patients may help inform future interventions. However, interventions focusing on single mechanisms may be futile, if an array of individual, formative experiences are a prerequisite for change. A systemic understanding of dual diagnosis calls for tailored, individualized interventions.
Originality/value
The research tests a novel systemic perspective on cannabis use in psychosis by applying it to qualitative longitudinal data. Adding a systemic perspective may help develop future interventions addressing cannabis use in psychosis, which has long been considered a “hard problem” in dual diagnosis treatment.
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An outstanding example of the development of the co‐operative movement in U.S. higher education is the University Council for Educational Administration. An outgrowth of the…
Abstract
An outstanding example of the development of the co‐operative movement in U.S. higher education is the University Council for Educational Administration. An outgrowth of the Kellogg — C.P.E.A. program, U.C.E.A. membership now numbers 48 leading universities. The Council's mission is to improve the professional preparation of administrative personnel in education through the creation and use of new modes of university inter‐communication and co‐operation. Much attention has been paid to the development of case studies (written, taped and filmed) and simulation materials, and to the encouragement of research and the development of theory in educational administration. Present plans include the establishment of a professional journal, the establishment of an abstracting service and the promotion of communication on the international level.