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Article
Publication date: 18 May 2023

Adam Biggs, Greg Huffman, Joseph Hamilton, Ken Javes, Jacob Brookfield, Anthony Viggiani, John Costa and Rachel R. Markwald

Marksmanship data is a staple of military and law enforcement evaluations. This ubiquitous nature creates a critical need to use all relevant information and to convey outcomes in…

1046

Abstract

Purpose

Marksmanship data is a staple of military and law enforcement evaluations. This ubiquitous nature creates a critical need to use all relevant information and to convey outcomes in a meaningful way for the end users. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how simple simulation techniques can improve interpretations of marksmanship data.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses three simulations to demonstrate the advantages of small arms combat modeling, including (1) the benefits of incorporating a Markov Chain into Monte Carlo shooting simulations; (2) how small arms combat modeling is superior to point-based evaluations; and (3) why continuous-time chains better capture performance than discrete-time chains.

Findings

The proposed method reduces ambiguity in low-accuracy scenarios while also incorporating a more holistic view of performance as outcomes simultaneously incorporate speed and accuracy rather than holding one constant.

Practical implications

This process determines the probability of winning an engagement against a given opponent while circumventing arbitrary discussions of speed and accuracy trade-offs. Someone wins 70% of combat engagements against a given opponent rather than scoring 15 more points. Moreover, risk exposure is quantified by determining the likely casualties suffered to achieve victory. This combination makes the practical consequences of human performance differences tangible to the end users. Taken together, this approach advances the operations research analyses of squad-level combat engagements.

Originality/value

For more than a century, marksmanship evaluations have used point-based systems to classify shooters. However, these scoring methods were developed for competitive integrity rather than lethality as points do not adequately capture combat capabilities. The proposed method thus represents a major shift in the marksmanship scoring paradigm.

Details

Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics, vol. 7 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2399-6439

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Article
Publication date: 21 September 2010

Iain R. Black, George C. Organ and Peta Morton

This paper aims to examine the role of personality in how people respond to sexual appeals in advertising. The impact of three traits (extraversion, neuroticism and openness) was…

5367

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the role of personality in how people respond to sexual appeals in advertising. The impact of three traits (extraversion, neuroticism and openness) was tested.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed‐factor experimental design was used. Gender, level of sexual appeal (manipulated over two levels) and participants' standing on each of the three personality trait scales were the between‐subjects factors. Relevance of the product to the appeal, which was also manipulated over two levels, was the within‐subjects factor. The sample comprised 156 undergraduate students, and each student was randomly assigned to either a mild appeals or an overt appeals condition.

Findings

The results show that levels of extraversion and openness directly affect responses to advertisements as measured with attitude towards the advertisement.

Research limitations/implications

Recommendations are made, including that overt sexual appeals should not be used on a target audience of “introverts”, or people who are characterised as quiet, shy and reserved.

Originality/value

This research extends existing work on the effect of individual differences on consumers' reactions to advertising and is the first to show that personality traits affect responses to sexual appeals.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 44 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Book part
Publication date: 20 August 1996

Abstract

Details

The Peace Dividend
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44482-482-0

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1992

John Hill, Ricardo Costa and Eduardo Jardim

Jobbing production tends to be a relatively neglected area inoperations planning and control partly because of the relativecomplexity of scheduling in low‐volume/high‐variety…

696

Abstract

Jobbing production tends to be a relatively neglected area in operations planning and control partly because of the relative complexity of scheduling in low‐volume/high‐variety systems, and partly because firms tend to be small and spend little on management software/systems. Describes a package which uses discrete event simulation as an aid to managers/planners in this area. This computer system makes it possible to describe the workload of a jobbing firm, together with the constraints imposed by product structure and manufacturing capacity. The manager is able to test alternative Queue Disciplines, priorities and extensions to capacity, in order to find a schedule of work which balances the strategic objectives of the firm and the requirements of the customer.

Details

Integrated Manufacturing Systems, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-6061

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Article
Publication date: 12 September 2008

Chuck Huff, Laura Barnard and William Frey

The purpose of this paper is to present a four component model of ethical behavior (PRIMES) that integrates literature in moral psychology, computing ethics, and virtue ethics as…

5386

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a four component model of ethical behavior (PRIMES) that integrates literature in moral psychology, computing ethics, and virtue ethics as informed by research on moral exemplars in computing. This is part 1 of a two‐part contribution.

Design/methodology/approach

This psychologically based and philosophically informed model argues that moral action is: grounded in relatively stable PeRsonality characteristics (PR); guided by integration of morality into the self‐system; shaped by the context of the surrounding moral ecology; and facilitated by morally relevant skills and knowledge (S).

Findings

The model seeks to explain the daily successful (and unsuccessful) performance of moral action by computing professionals and to provide groundwork for a pedagogy that emphasizes ethically effective performance.

Practical implications

The model has significant implications for how ethical action might be taught to computer professionals and other design professionals. It also makes recommendations about what is needed to measure to construct a complete picture of sustained ethical action in a profession.

Originality/value

Most accepted models of ethical behavior are unidimensional, emphasizing either principled reasoning or a simplistic model of integrity/character. This model brings together a variety of disparate literatures in the light of its emphasis on sustained moral action in the profession. It thereby provides researchers and educators with a picture of what is needed to construct a complete understanding of moral action in the profession.

Details

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, vol. 6 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-996X

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Article
Publication date: 8 January 2014

Jose Maria Balmaceda, Silvia Schiaffino and Daniela Godoy

The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationships between the personality traits of linked users in online social networks. First the authors tried to discover relation…

4649

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationships between the personality traits of linked users in online social networks. First the authors tried to discover relation patterns between personality dimensions in conversations. They also wanted to verify some hypotheses: whether users' personality is stable throughout different conversation threads and whether the similarity-attraction paradigm can be verified in this context. They used the five factor model of personality or Big Five, which has been widely studied in psychology.

Design/methodology/approach

One of the approaches to detect users' personalities is by analysing the language they use when they talk to others. Based on this assumption the authors computed users' personality from the conversations extracted from the MySpace social network. Then the authors analysed the relationships among personality traits of users to discover patterns.

Findings

The authors found that there are patterns between some personality dimensions in conversation threads, for example, agreeable people tend to communicate with extroverted people. They confirmed that the personality stability theory can be verified in social networks. Finally the authors could verify the similarity-attraction paradigm for some values of personality traits, such as extroversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience.

Originality/value

The results the authors found provide some clues about how people communicate within online social networks, particularly who they tend to communicate with depending on their personality. The discovered patterns can be used in a wide range of applications, such as suggesting contacts in online social networks. Although some studies have been made regarding the role of personality in social media, no similar analysis has been done to evaluate how users communicate in social media considering their personality.

Details

Online Information Review, vol. 38 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1468-4527

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 10 August 2011

Meagan Parrish Meadows, Karina M. Shreffler and Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt

Critical occupations refer to professions in which workers perform critical duties to protect and serve the public; the nature of these jobs often exposes workers to events and…

Abstract

Critical occupations refer to professions in which workers perform critical duties to protect and serve the public; the nature of these jobs often exposes workers to events and conditions that critically impact their mental and physical well-being. In addition to the traumatic experiences part and parcel to the job, characteristics of these critical occupations – long work hours, nonstandard schedules, dangerous tasks, and a physically demanding work environment – contribute additional stressors. Yet, many workers in these occupations thrive despite the risks. Given the stressful conditions of critical occupations and potential for adverse individual and familial outcomes, it is important to consider why individuals would choose to work in critical occupations, why they might respond differently during stressful work-related events, and why some workers are particularly resilient. We posit that personality research offers intriguing insights into career selection, coping, and resilience for workers in critical occupations. Examining factors that reduce risk and promote resilience for these multiple-stressor occupations has the potential to inform research and policies that better meet the needs of employees and their families.

Details

The Role of Individual Differences in Occupational Stress and Well Being
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-711-7

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Book part
Publication date: 14 July 2014

Giuseppe (Joe) Labianca

Most network research in organizations assumes away the dissociative forces instantiated in negative ties, instead pursuing ties that reflect only associative forces, to the…

Abstract

Most network research in organizations assumes away the dissociative forces instantiated in negative ties, instead pursuing ties that reflect only associative forces, to the detriment of understanding organizational networks. This essay provides a brief history of negative tie research in organizations; discusses different definitions of negative ties, situating them within the tripartite model of interpersonal attitudes; suggests alternative paths to network dynamics when considering negative ties; covers existing and suggested paths to studying personality antecedents of negative ties; and briefly reviews the research on the consequences of negative ties in organizations and suggestions for future work.

Details

Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-751-1

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Book part
Publication date: 8 July 2010

Roy K. Smollan, Jonathan A. Matheny and Janet G. Sayers

Published studies of the relationships between personality, affect, and organizational change have been overwhelmingly quantitative, while clinical and psychodynamic approaches…

Abstract

Published studies of the relationships between personality, affect, and organizational change have been overwhelmingly quantitative, while clinical and psychodynamic approaches have seldom dealt with the context of organizational change. We used semistructured interviews to explore the “middle ground”, by researching how participants in change believed aspects of their personalities contributed to their responses, particularly on an affective level. We found that traits such as openness to experience, resilience, pragmatism, change self-efficacy, and locus of control influenced participants' perceptions of how they reacted to organizational change. The findings point to the important role that qualitative research into personality can play in improving understanding of emotional responses to organizational change.

Details

Emotions and Organizational Dynamism
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-177-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2009

John M. Trussel and Patricia A. Patrick

This paper investigates the financial risk factors associated with fiscal distress in local governments. We hypothesize that fiscal distress is positively correlated with revenue…

439

Abstract

This paper investigates the financial risk factors associated with fiscal distress in local governments. We hypothesize that fiscal distress is positively correlated with revenue concentration and debt usage, while negatively correlated with administrative costs and entity resources. The regression model results in a prediction of the likelihood of fiscal distress, which correctly classifies up to 91% of the sample as fiscally distressed or not. The model also allows for an analysis of the impact of a change in a risk factor on the likelihood of fiscal distress. A decrease in intergovernmental revenues as a percent of total revenues and an increase in administrative expenditures as a percent of total expenditures have the biggest influences on reducing the likelihood of fiscal distress.

Details

Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, vol. 21 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1096-3367

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