This paper attempts to provide an understanding of gift‐giving for a more systematic assessment of relationship building to succeed in an Asian realm. This study proposes to…
Abstract
This paper attempts to provide an understanding of gift‐giving for a more systematic assessment of relationship building to succeed in an Asian realm. This study proposes to examine the underlying linkage between the intensity of gift‐giving and constructing relationships. The goal is to provide both researchers and businesses an insight into how to successfully manage profitable relationships in a culture‐rich environment that is growing ever more demanding and complicated. Gift‐giving is seen as an act of reciprocity, and often misconstrued as bribery by Westerners, yet it appears to be an important constituent of the Asian culture and can be seen as a form of relationship investment, that if cultivated well, can uplift interactions between businesses.
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John A. Pearce, Dennis R. Kuhn and Samuel A. DiLullo
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the United States reports a rapid increase in complaints involving religious discrimination in the workplace. Yet, because of…
Abstract
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the United States reports a rapid increase in complaints involving religious discrimination in the workplace. Yet, because of vagaries in the legislation that governs employer responsibilities, well‐intended employers are often unclear about appropriate action to take to prevent or respond correctly to religious discrimination charges by employees. This article is intended to provide employers with the guidelines they need to both respect employees’ religious beliefs and avoiding legal liability. This paper examines an employer’s duty under the laws of the United States that are intended to assure a balance between the rules and practices needed to promote the objectives of the business and the religious interests of workers. In particular, we focus on decisions the courts have reached on cases charging religious discrimination in the workplace, with special attention on the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in establishing the parameters of employer action. We also consider a proposed legislative measure that is intended to more clearly define workers’ rights. Practical Implications From our study of case law, we conclude by presenting general principles that employers in the United States should consider in their efforts to abide by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. We provide a list of circumstances that can give rise to a conflict involving religious discrimination and the need for accommodation, plus actions that employers can take to improve their awareness of their employees’ religious needs. The research that produced this article was conducted from a U.S. employer’s perspective. It was prepared to help employers understand their responsibilities and to put guidelines and procedures in place to preempt the possibility that religious discrimination in the work place. This ase‐based proactive approach to preventing religious discrimination is the contribution of this article to managerial practice.
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Considers the reasons why the insurance industry began to target the Asian American population. Looks at the strategies employed and the changes which were required in operational…
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Considers the reasons why the insurance industry began to target the Asian American population. Looks at the strategies employed and the changes which were required in operational approaches, product design and organizational structure. Examines the impact of social economic demographic changes on the industry in the 1980s. Characterizes the development of differentiation of focus strategy in an attempt to shed light on the market effectiveness of strategic development for industrial organizations.
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Kyle Turner, T. Russell Crook and Alex Miller
The purpose is to assess current construct measurement in social entrepreneurship and provide recommendations for future construct measurement on the topic.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose is to assess current construct measurement in social entrepreneurship and provide recommendations for future construct measurement on the topic.
Methodology/design
We use content analysis to assess the construct measurement practices in social entrepreneurship research. Prior studies were coded and analyzed to assess the way social entrepreneurship researchers have developed measures for key constructs in the social entrepreneurship literature. The content analysis allows for the examination of the number, type, and measures associated with social entrepreneurship research and for the comparison with the construct measurement practices in entrepreneurship research, in general.
Findings
We suggest that, while initial quantitative research has provided a useful start for empirical analysis of social entrepreneurship, future research can be improved by developing and applying stronger measures of key constructs, such as social value, mission consistency, and performance of social enterprises.
Originality/value
This chapter takes a content analytic approach to provide evidence regarding how a foundational element such as construct measurement has developed within social entrepreneurship research. We also propose directions for improving future research by validating and strengthening measurements of core constructs in social entrepreneurship.
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Archie B. Carroll and Frank Hoy
The 1960s saw the birth of corporate social responsibility. In the 1970s, companies focused on the management of social responsiveness. In the 1980s, corporations are grappling…
Abstract
The 1960s saw the birth of corporate social responsibility. In the 1970s, companies focused on the management of social responsiveness. In the 1980s, corporations are grappling with the issue of making social responsibility a part of overall strategic management. The authors examine some of the ramifications of the search for a new definition of social responsibility.
To develop and apply the social enterprise balanced scorecard (SEBS) as an amended balanced scorecard technique for use evaluating UK social enterprises.
Abstract
Purpose
To develop and apply the social enterprise balanced scorecard (SEBS) as an amended balanced scorecard technique for use evaluating UK social enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach
The study involved exploring the potential mainstream application of the balanced scorecard in UK social enterprises to learn how this process show the ways in which social enterprises can develop, and implement and track the performance of their socially driven strategies. Describes the development of an SEBS and its testing by 12 social enterprises in a pilot training programme (August 2004‐December 2004).
Findings
The results indicated that the SEBS had changed participant views about their organizations in terms of: increased employee understanding about their organization as a business; the usefulness as a business planning tool for social enterprises; the natural fit of the SEBS alongside the existing UK quality accreditation scheme of Investors In People; the power of the SEBS to be an effective means to engage staff and team members as an early‐warning system for potential problems; helping to redress the balance between purely financial gains and social purpose; and providing focus, clarity, and the ability to remove non‐essential detail from strategic planning. Concludes that: Kaplan and Norton’s balanced scorecard is capable of being adapted to suit social enterprises; positive outcomes include creating a common language through which social entrepreneurs can share and compare experience, even if they operate in different industries; and the application of the SEBS can enable organizations to become better businesses, while demonstrating social value added to stakeholders.
Originality/value
Reveals the benefits of extending the balanced scorecard approach to the evaluation of social enterprises.
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Michael S. LaTour and Shaker A. Zahra
Review of various models of the fear communication process and research on the effectiveness of fear appeals indicates that fear arousal is a complex, individually unique emotion…
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Review of various models of the fear communication process and research on the effectiveness of fear appeals indicates that fear arousal is a complex, individually unique emotion. Inconsistent results concerning the impact of fear appeals in consumer behavior are noted. Issues arising from employing fear appeals in advertising are outlined and practical guidelines for their use are presented.
“Is there reason to believe that top management might be receptive to dramatically expanded HRM involvement in decision making? Yes, because intense competition and unprecedented…
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“Is there reason to believe that top management might be receptive to dramatically expanded HRM involvement in decision making? Yes, because intense competition and unprecedented environmental changes, particularly in the last two years, have irreversibly changed the way successful businesses must be run… Therefore, top management… should support a new vision of the HRM function, especially a vision that enhances corporate performance.” (Anderson & Fenton, 1993:73)
Purpose – Libraries have been experiencing relentless change and uncertainty in their environment. The literature on corporate communications, strategic management and planning…
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Purpose – Libraries have been experiencing relentless change and uncertainty in their environment. The literature on corporate communications, strategic management and planning, marketing and public relations more recently, has been recommending using communications as a strategy to coherently and proactively handle and foresee change. Planning and using an overall communications strategy will bring integrity and adherence to the library's goals and direction while reducing the discomfort of change. This selected bibliography is a quick starting point for understanding the significance of an overall communication strategy and its use for managing conflicts and changes in the library's environment strategically. Design/methodology/approach – This article covers books and articles from mid‐1980s to 2004, published around the world. The sources are listed alphabetically by author and then chronologically for different sources by the same author, providing brief but useful information about the content covered for each source. Findings – This bibliography illustrates a variety of research from corporate communications, strategic planning, communications management, marketing and public relations literature that emphasize the role of communication in strategic management. Research limitations/implications – It records a comprehensive list of publications covering international perspectives as well as publications about communication strategy. Practical implications – This selected bibliography is primarily intended for librarians, library planners, managers or administrators, but is also relevant to corporate and business professionals, planners and administrators. Further, it would also be a useful resource for students, faculty and researchers of communication. Originality/value – This bibliography presents a much needed resource list for gathering insights into the strategic role of communication for organizations such as the library that are in a state of constant change.
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Survey reports have illustrated that most organisations managetheir properties poorly – there is a seeming lack of involvementof property thinking in strategic planning and…
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Survey reports have illustrated that most organisations manage their properties poorly – there is a seeming lack of involvement of property thinking in strategic planning and execution. However, there are exceptions to this generalisation, and some of the good practices are highlighted and methods by which they can be used more effectively discussed. It is found that the key message is to integrate “property” into the overall management process and to understand how the property market works and the constraints involved. It is the duty of property professionals to preach the need for integration in a format that senior management can understand.