Di Nailon, Brian Delahaye and Jo Brownlee
The aim of this paper is to examine the links between the core beliefs a leader holds about learning and knowing (called epistemological beliefs) and how they go about leading an…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to examine the links between the core beliefs a leader holds about learning and knowing (called epistemological beliefs) and how they go about leading an organization.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 15 directors in centre‐based child care organizations were interviewed about how they viewed learning and knowing in their leadership role.
Findings
In these interviews is was found that the directors who indicated transformational leadership behaviors also thought that staff learning and knowing should be active, meaningful and evidenced‐based. This means that they viewed knowledge as evolving, tentative and needing to be critiqued and evaluated in the light of evidence (known as evaluativism in epistemological belief jargon). Conversely, the director with transactional beliefs about leadership clearly demonstrated beliefs that knowledge was about his own “truths” or black‐and‐white facts that could be transmitted to others (known as objectivism).
Originality/value
While it may be useful to reflect on the connections between core beliefs about knowing and learning and transformational leadership practice, a more important task for the field is how such leaders might be nurtured.
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Joseph Blase and Jo Blase
Describes the everyday micropolitical facilitative strategies and personal characteristics of exemplary school principals who have influenced and enhanced teachers’ sense of…
Abstract
Describes the everyday micropolitical facilitative strategies and personal characteristics of exemplary school principals who have influenced and enhanced teachers’ sense of empowerment. The data discussed here were drawn from a qualitative study of teachers in 11 schools affiliated with Glickman’s League of Professional Schools in Georgia. An open‐ended questionnaire designed by the researchers, according to general guidelines for grounded theory inquiry, provided teachers with the opportunity to identify and describe in detail characteristics of principals that enhanced their sense of empowerment. Inductive analyses of the data generated a description of facilitative leadership that includes seven major “facilitative” strategies and one set of facilitative personal characteristics that enhanced teacher empowerment. Focuses on the strategies and characteristics teachers identified as facilitative principal leadership. Discusses findings in terms of the relevant empirical and theoretical literature.
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Saleh Abu Dabous, Fakhariya Ibrahim and Ahmad Alzghoul
Bridge deterioration is a critical risk to public safety, which mandates regular inspection and maintenance to ensure sustainable transport services. Many models have been…
Abstract
Purpose
Bridge deterioration is a critical risk to public safety, which mandates regular inspection and maintenance to ensure sustainable transport services. Many models have been developed to aid in understanding deterioration patterns and in planning maintenance actions and fund allocation. This study aims at developing a deep-learning model to predict the deterioration of concrete bridge decks.
Design/methodology/approach
Three long short-term memory (LSTM) models are formulated to predict the condition rating of bridge decks, namely vanilla LSTM (vLSTM), stacked LSTM (sLSTM), and convolutional neural networks combined with LSTM (CNN-LSTM). The models are developed by utilising the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) datasets spanning from 2001 to 2019 to predict the deck condition ratings in 2021.
Findings
Results reveal that all three models have accuracies of 90% and above, with mean squared errors (MSE) between 0.81 and 0.103. Moreover, CNN-LSTM has the best performance, achieving an accuracy of 93%, coefficient of correlation of 0.91, R2 value of 0.83, and MSE of 0.081.
Research limitations/implications
The study used the NBI bridge inventory databases to develop the bridge deterioration models. Future studies can extend the model to other bridge databases and other applications in the construction industry.
Originality/value
This study provides a detailed and extensive data cleansing process to address the shortcomings in the NBI database. This research presents a framework for implementing artificial intelligence-based models to enhance maintenance planning and a guideline for utilising the NBI or other bridge inventory databases to develop accurate bridge deterioration models. Future studies can extend the model to other bridge databases and other applications in the construction industry.
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Public relations (PR) education has not kept pace with the rapid globalisation that has occurred since 1992. The existing PR body of knowledge, and PR curricula around the world…
Abstract
Public relations (PR) education has not kept pace with the rapid globalisation that has occurred since 1992. The existing PR body of knowledge, and PR curricula around the world, have a US bias. In order to prepare PR students in various parts of the world to become effective multicultural professionals it is essential for experiences and perspectives from other continents to be integrated into PR education. The complexities of societal factors such as culture, political systems and media systems make Asia a challenging place to conduct strategic PR. It is time for educators to integrate experiences from other continents into the PR body of knowledge, thereby building PR curricula that contribute to training truly multicultural PR professionals.
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Mohamad Hassan and Evangelos Giouvris
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of bank mergers on systemic and systematic risks on the relative merits of product and market diversification strategies. It…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of bank mergers on systemic and systematic risks on the relative merits of product and market diversification strategies. It also observes determinants of M&A deals criteria, product and market diversification positioning, crisis threshold and other regulatory and market factors.
Design/methodology/approach
This research examines the impact and association between merger announcements and regulatory reforms at bank and system levels by investigating the impact of various bank consolidation strategies on firms’ risks. We estimate beta(s) as an index of financial institutions’ systematic risk. We then develop an index of the estimated equity value loss as the long-rum marginal expected shortfall (LRMES). LRMES contributes to compute systemic risk (SRISK) contribution of these firms, which is the capital that a firm is expected to need if we have another financial crisis.
Findings
Large acquiring banks decrease systemic risk contribution in cross-border M&As with a non-bank financial institution, and witness profitability (ROA) gains, supporting geographic diversification stability. Capital requirements, activity restrictions and bank concentration increase systemic risk contribution in national mergers. Bank mergers with investment FIs targets enhance productivity but impair technical efficiency, contrary to bank-real estate deals where technical efficiency change accompanied lower systemic risk contribution.
Practical implications
Financial institutions are recommended to avoid trapped capital and liquidity by efficiently using local balance sheet and strengthening them via implementing models that clearly set diversification and netting benefits to determine capital reserves and to drive capital efficiency through the clarity on product–activity–geography diversification and focus. This contributes to successful ringfencing, decreases compliance costs and maximises returns and minimises several risks including systemic risk.
Social implications
Policy implications: the adversative properties of bank mergers in respect of systemic risk require strict and innovative monitoring of bank mergers from the bidding level by both acquirers and targets and regulators and competition supervisory bodies. Moreover, emphasis on regulators/governments intervention and role, as it provides a stabilising factor of the markets and consecutively lower systemic risk even if the systematic idiosyncratic risk contribution was significant. However, such roles have to be well planned and scaled to avoid providing motives for banks to seek too-big-too-fail or too-big-to-discipline status.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the renewing regulatory debate on banks sustainable structures by examining the risk effect of bank diversification versus focus. The authors aim to address the multidimensional impacts and risks inherent to M&A deals, by examining the extent of the interconnectedness of M&A and its implications within and beyond the banking sector.
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The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of prompt corrective action on bank risk and returns in an empirical framework.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of prompt corrective action on bank risk and returns in an empirical framework.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a difference-in-difference specification to analyse whether and how PCA affects bank risk and returns. As part of robustness, the analysis also uses a fixed effects specification with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors to account for serial correlation and cross-sectional dependence.
Findings
The findings reveal that banks under PCA framework contribute less to systemic risk and exhibit higher market valuation. These findings differ across recapitalised versus non-recapitalised banks and for banks with differing asset quality, capital and profitability. The overall price impact is a decline in lending rates and deposit costs.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s understanding, this is one of the early studies in the Indian context to carefully examine the linkage between PCA and bank behaviour.
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Mohammad Suleiman Awwad and Djouhara Ali Mohammad Agti
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of internal marketing, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors on commercial banks' market…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of internal marketing, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors on commercial banks' market orientation.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative survey methodology was adopted to collect data from commercial (non‐state owned) banks' employees in Jordan. A sample of 365 employees within seven of 13 Jordanian commercial banks was used. Data were analyzed using AMOS 16.0 to determine the interactions between the various factors.
Findings
Empirical findings confirmed that internal marketing, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors had a positive direct effect on banks' market orientation. In addition, organizational commitment had a positive direct effect on organizational citizenship behaviors.
Practical implications
Jordanian commercial banks should convert internal marketing as a strategy into their core operations and systems to meet employees' demands and the bank goals. This conversion shall make employees show their sincere organizational commitment so that they can express the attitude of organizational citizenship behaviors that are beneficial for the banks' operations and survival.
Originality/value
The paper introduces a new perspective of the associations and interactions that take place between marketing and organizational behavior concepts which affect organizations' market orientation endeavors. While such perspective is considerably new and relevant to general marketing literature, the fact that this paper is one of few papers that focus on internal marketing in Jordan adds to its originality.