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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tea stem natural dye was extracted from tea stem waste and applied to dyeing silk fiber, after which the properties of dyed samples were tested and analyzed.

The dyeing process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Dyeing temperature, pH and time were chosen as variables and the color difference value as a response. The properties of dyed samples were tested and analyzed.

The optimized dyeing process was as follows: dyeing temperature 70°C, pH 3.5 and time 110 min. The K/S and color difference value of silk fiber dyed with the optimal process dye enzymatic oxidation with laccase was 1.4 and 27.8, respectively. The silk fiber dyed has excellent color fastness, antioxidant and antibacterial property, which greatly increases the added value of the dyed products. Furthermore, the optimized dyeing process did not significantly affect the strength properties and handle of the silk fiber.

Researchers have not used statistical analysis to optimize the process of dyeing process of silk fiber by tea stem natural dye enzymatic oxidation with laccase using response surface methodology. Additionally, this dyeing process was a low-temperature dyeing process, which not only saves energy consumption and reduces silk fiber damage but also obtains superbly dyeing results and biological functional properties, achieve the effects of waste utilization and clean dyeing.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tannase-assisted extraction of tea stem pigment from waste tea stem, after which the stability of the purified pigment was determined and analyzed.

The extracting process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Material-liquid ratio, temperature and time were chosen as variables and the absorbance as a response. The stability of the tea stem pigment at the different conditions was tested and analyzed.

The optimized extraction technology was as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:20 g/ml, temperature 50°C and time 60 min. The stability test results showed that tea stem pigment was sensitive to oxidants, but the reducing agents did not affect it. The tea stem pigment was unstable under strong acid and strong alkali and was most stable at pH 6. The light stability was poor. Tea stem pigment would form flocculent precipitation under the action of Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ and be relatively stable in Cu²⁺ and Na²⁺ solutions. The tea stem pigment was relatively stable at 60°C and below.

No comprehensive and systematic study reports have been conducted on the extraction of pigment from discarded tea stem, and researchers have not used statistical analysis to optimize the process of tannase-assisted tea stem pigment extraction using RSM. Additionally, there is a lack of special reports on the systematic study of the stability of pigment extracted from tea stem.

The cultural tourism industry, which has subtly met the needs and solved the major problem of the current age, is a new growth point for the current city economic growth. Therefore, its position in the industrial structure system will be increasingly improved. The development of the cultural tourism industry also provides an important opportunity for the renewal and re-engineering of urban space. For the current urban space construction crisis needs the integration of historical and cultural elements urgently while the development of the cultural tourism industry itself happened to need the city to provide the necessary carrying space and incubation carrier urgently as well. Thus this research discusses the construction of urban visual planning system and the specific implementation path from the perspective of the development of cultural tourism industry.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of legal institution building during the process of China's economic miracle of past three decades.

To engage with the issue, the paper builds on historical research and comparable approaches which explore the interactions of legal institution building and economic reforms in China.

Legal institution building is not only a passive factor that can make up market failures in developing countries. Studies on China case find that legal institution building in China has often been taken as a tool to realize the ruling party's political commitment of economic development.

The paper takes only one country – China as the case to explore the interactions of legal institution building and economic development. Owing to most China's peculiar characteristics, more cases should be studied in order to examine a much clearer result, which might shed lights on the current reforms of a lot of developing countries.

The argument of the paper, that legal institution building can be employed as an active tool to drive economic development if designed properly, broadens policy pools for developing countries that are in a strive to fight against poverty reduction.

The paper opens a new arena to re‐examine the role of legal building for economic development in developing countries. Also, it develops a unique perspective to explore the myth of China's economic miracle.

The present research attempts to review literature on the effects of transformational leadership on organizational creativity and innovation. It is well recognized that organizational creativity and innovation are crucial for an organization and even for the whole society. Transformational leadership exerts great impact on organizational creativity and innovation. With the increase of empirical studies, relevant variables and research findings are from all kinds of perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to sort relevant works out, incorporate them into an overarching framework and suggest a few future directions which are both critical and viable, so that future researchers may easily find the “gap” and fit their prospective works properly.

The research is conducted by first perusing recent and major papers on the subject which have been published on high quality journals. The paper sorts out pivotal mediators and moderators, and sheds light on the their effects.

Although the conclusions drawn from different studies are somewhat inconsistent, most scholars found a positive relationship between transformational leadership and organizational creativity and innovation. Transformational leadership can influence organizational creativity and innovation both directly and indirectly. The bulk of this paper is about the indirect effects of transformational leadership. The mediators and moderators are from different levels including individual, team and organizational level. In addition, some contextual variables are also included.

The paper is the first to review the literature by focusing on the effects of transformational leadership on organizational creativity and innovation. It incorporates various factors into a whole framework which covers three levels and includes internal and external contexts. It makes the relevant findings clear, points out the strengths and weaknesses of the extant literature. It also brings forward future research directions which can be a valuable reference for other researchers.

With the development of e-commerce network platforms, platform enterprises have mostly completed the first stage of user accumulation during the start-up period. How to enhance users’ stickiness and stimulate their continual participation in platform business activities through innovation and platform design has become a decisive factor for platform enterprises. To increase the motivation of e-commerce platform users, this paper explores the positive impact of gamified rewards on platform user stickiness by dividing the gamified rewards design into social and functional rewards, and studies the mediating role of self-identification and the moderating role of perceived goal progress and information disclosure.

This study applies the “S-O-R” (stimulus–organism–response) model as the theoretical basis for constructing a model of user stickiness for e-commerce platforms and subdivides gamified reward design into social rewards and functional rewards to explore how they affect platform user stickiness and the boundaries of the influencing mechanism.

It turns out both types of gamified rewards promote users’ perception of self-identification, which in turn affects the intention to continue using the platform. In addition, platforms with designs about users’ quantified self-behavior – perceived goal progress in the gaming experience can effectively enhance the effectiveness of users’ gamification rewards. Information disclosure moderates the relationship between the two types of gamification design and self-identification. For functional reward designs and social reward designs, information disclosure can improve users’ self-identification and therefore enhance users’ stickiness.

This study verifies the impact of gamification design on platform user stickiness, confirming the mediating role of self-identification and the moderating role of perceived goal progress and information disclosure, which has theoretical and practical implications for how platform enterprise can maintain user activity in the digital context.

Laser-based measurement techniques offer various advantages over conventional measurement techniques, such as no-destructive, no-contact, fast and long measuring distance. In cooperative laser ranging systems, it’s crucial to extract center coordinates of retroreflectors to accomplish automatic measurement. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a novel method.

We propose a method using Mask RCNN (Region Convolutional Neural Network), with ResNet101 (Residual Network 101) and FPN (Feature Pyramid Network) as the backbone, to localize retroreflectors, realizing automatic recognition in different backgrounds. Compared with two other deep learning algorithms, experiments show that the recognition rate of Mask RCNN is better especially for small-scale targets. Based on this, an ellipse detection algorithm is introduced to obtain the ellipses of retroreflectors from recognized target areas. The center coordinates of retroreflectors in the camera coordinate system are obtained by using a mathematics method.

To verify the accuracy of this method, an experiment was carried out: the distance between two retroreflectors with a known distance of 1,000.109 mm was measured, with 2.596 mm root-mean-squar error, meeting the requirements of the coarse location of retroreflectors.

The research limitations/implications are as follows: (i) As the data set only has 200 pictures, although we have used some data augmentation methods such as rotating, mirroring and cropping, there is still room for improvement in the generalization ability of detection. (ii) The ellipse detection algorithm needs to work in relatively dark conditions, as the retroreflector is made of stainless steel, which easily reflects light.

The originality/value of the article lies in being able to obtain center coordinates of multiple retroreflectors automatically even in a cluttered background; being able to recognize retroreflectors with different sizes, especially for small targets; meeting the recognition requirement of multiple targets in a large field of view and obtaining 3 D centers of targets by monocular model-based vision.