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High throughput and power efficient computing devices are highly essential in many autonomous system-based applications. Since the computational power keeps on increasing in recent years, it is necessary to develop energy efficient static RAM (SRAM) memories with high speed. Nowadays, Static Random-Access Memory cells are predominantly liable to soft errors due to the serious charge which is crucial to trouble a cell because of fewer noise margins, short supply voltages and lesser node capacitances.

Power efficient SRAM design is a major task for improving computing abilities of autonomous systems. In this research, instability is considered as a major issue present in the design of SRAM. Therefore, to eliminate soft errors and balance leakage instability problems, a signal noise margin (SNM) through the level shifter circuit is proposed.

Bias Temperature Instabilities (BTI) are considered as the primary technology for recently combined devices to reduce degradation. The proposed level shifter-based 6T SRAM achieves better results in terms of delay, power and SNM when compared with existing 6T devices and this 6T SRAM-BTI with 7 nm technology is also applicable for low power portable healthcare applications. In biomedical applications, Body Area Networks (BANs) require the power-efficient SRAM design to extend the battery life of BAN sensor nodes.

The proposed method focuses on high speed and power efficient SRAM design for smart ubiquitous sensors. The effect of BTI is almost eliminated in the proposed design.

The purpose of this paper is to present an improved model based on center potential instead of surface potential which is physically more relevant and accurate. Also, additional analytic insights have been provided to make the model independent and robust so that it can be extended to a full range compact model.

The design methodology used is center potential based analytical modeling using Psuedo-2D Poisson equation, with ingeniously developed boundary conditions, which help achieve reasonably accurate results. Also, the depletion width calculation has been suitably remodeled, to account for proper physical insights and accuracy.

The proposed model has considerable accuracy and is able to correctly predict most of the physical phenomena occurring inside the broken gate Tunnel FET structure. Also, a good match has been observed between the modeled data and the simulation results. I_on/I_ambipolar ratio of 10^(−8) has been achieved which is quintessential for low power SOCs.

The modeling approach used is different from the previously used techniques and uses indigenous boundary conditions. Also, the current model developed has been significantly altered, using very simple but intuitive technique instead of complex mathematical approach.

This paper aims to estimate the bearing capacity of a surface strip and circular footings lying on layered sand using numerical limit analysis.

Lower and upper bound limit analysis, as well as finite elements and second-order conic programming (SOCP), are used in this analysis. The yield criterion of Mohr-Coulomb is used to model soil behavior. Using this technique, stringent lower and upper bounds on ultimate bearing capacity can be achieved by assuming an associated flow law.

The obtained results indicate that the exact collapse load is typically being bracketed to within 6% about a mean of both the bounds. The obtained results are compared with the existing literature wherever applicable.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has used lower and upper bound limit analysis, as well as finite elements and SOCP, to estimate the bearing capacity of a surface strip and circular footings lying on layered sand.

In the present investigation, hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of Walters’-B fluid over a vertical porous surface implanted in a porous material under the action of a strong external applied magnetic field and rotation is presented. In several industrial applications, the external applied magnetic field is strong enough to produce Hall and ion-slip currents. Thus, the influence of Hall and ion-slip currents is also considered in this analysis. The flow through configuration is generated because of time varying motion of the free-stream and buoyancy action.

Regular perturbation scheme is used to obtain the solution of the system of coupled partial differential equations representing the mathematical model of the problem. Numerical computation has been performed to notice the change in flow behavior and the numerical results for velocity field, temperature field, species concentration, skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer are presented through graphs and tables.

An important fact noticed that the exponential time varying motion of the free-stream induces reverse flow in the direction perpendicular to the main flow. Rising values of the strength of the applied magnetic field give increment in the fluid velocity in the neighbourhood of the vertical surface, this may cause because of the exponential motion of the free-stream. The behaviour of the Darcian drag force is similar as magnetic field on fluid flow.

In literature, very less research works are available on Walters’-B fluid where unsteadiness in the system occurs because of time varying motion of the free-stream. In this paper, the authors have made an attempt to study the action of Hall and ion-slip currents, rotation and external applied magnetic field on hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of Walters’-B fluid over a vertical surface implanted in a porous material.

The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical study on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of a rotating viscoelastic fluid over an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a uniform porous medium with oscillating free-stream taking Hall and ion-slip currents into account. The unsteady MHD flow in the rotating fluid system is generated due to the buoyancy forces arising from temperature and concentration differences in the field of gravity and oscillatory movement of the free-stream.

The resulting partial differential equations governing the fluid motion are solved analytically using the regular perturbation method by assuming a very small viscoelastic parameter. In order to note the influences of various system parameters and to discuss the important flow features, the numerical results for fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are computed and depicted graphically vs boundary layer parameter whereas skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are computed and presented in tabular form.

An interesting observation is recorded that there occurs a reversal flow in the secondary flow direction due to the movement of the free stream. It is also noted that a decrease in the suction parameter gives a rise in momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses.

Very little research work is reported in the literature on non-Newtonian fluid dynamics where unsteady flow in the system arises due to time-dependent movement of the plate. The motive of the present analytical study is to analyse the influences of Hall and ion-slip currents on unsteady MHD natural convection flow of a rotating viscoelastic fluid (non-Newtonian fluid) over an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a uniform porous medium with oscillating free-stream.

The aim of the study is to examine the influence of Intellectual Capital (IC) and its components on the financial performance of Indian sugar mill companies.

The present study follows the quantitative research, and uses data from Indian sugar mill companies over the period of recent 10 years. The Modified Value- Added Intellectual Capital (MVAIC) method is employed to evaluate IC. Authors construct panel regression models to test the hypotheses where Return on Equity (RoE) and Return on Asset (RoA) were considered as a representation of financial performance (dependent variable) and IC has been considered as the independent variable along with control variables.

The findings reveal that IC components show greater explanatory power than aggregate IC and MVAIC has a positive relationship with firm performance. It is evident that Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) and Relational Capital Efficiency (RCE) have a positive effect on the RoA, while Human Capital Efficiency (HCE) and CEE have a positive impact on RoE. CEE is found to be a highly significant component to explain the financial performance of Indian sugar mill firms.

The study has practical implications for the policymakers for effective utilization of IC resources for worth enhancement which is essential for the improvement of financial performance.

The research extends the literature of IC by linking it to the financial performance of Indian sugar mill industry.

This study aims to explore the collective influence of several factors, namely, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, magnetic field and variable viscosity parameter, on the boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of an electrically steering nanofluid over a radially stretching exterior subjected to convective heating. In addition, the impacts of thermal and solutal buoyancy forces and activation energy are taken into account. The enlarging velocity is assumed to vary linearly with radial distance.

Through the similarity transformation technique, the governing highly nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting technique.

Graphical depictions are provided to analyze the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration fields under the influence of various pertinent parameters. Furthermore, local skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are quantitatively presented and discussed. A comparison with previous results demonstrates good agreement.

This study uniquely integrates multiple factors influencing boundary layer flow in electrically conducting nanofluids, offering a nuanced understanding of heat and mass transfer over radially stretching surfaces. By using advanced numerical methods, it provides valuable insights and quantitative data that can inform practical applications in engineering and materials science.

The sustainability of a student-initiated startup is function of intention–behavior gap and is inversely related. The overall performance of any university/program is evaluated through the number of startups initiated but majority of them are unable to survive when program gets over. Entrepreneurial intention (EI)–behavior gap is a deeply rooted cause behind such compromised entrepreneurial outcome of entrepreneurship education. The purpose of this study is to explore determinants of intention–behavior gap to address sustainability dimension of startups initiated by university students.

The study has adopted qualitative approach to explore determinants of EI–behavior gap; 12 students-initiated startups had been identified from a private university established in the region of Uttar Pradesh in India. One member from each group of student’s initiated startups had been contacted for in-person interview. Responses collected through structured interviews were analyzed afterward for the purpose.

The outcome of the study has identified five key determinants and develops a conceptual EI–behavior gap framework to address sustainability challenges of student-initiated startups.

The outcome of this study can be utilized by educational institutions to strengthen their entrepreneurial eco-system to ensure the sustainability of student-initiated startups. Identified determinants may reduce the possibility of startups failures in comparison to non-student entrepreneurs.

The current study aims to develop a 3D-printed continuous metal fiber-reinforced recycled thermoplastic composite using an in-nozzle impregnation technique.

Recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (RABS) plastic was blended with virgin ABS (VABS) plastic in a ratio of 60:40 weight proportion to develop a 3D printing filament that was used as a matrix material, while post-used continuous brass wire (CBW) was used as a reinforcement. 3D printing was done by using a self-customized print head to fabricate the flexural, compression and interlaminar shear stress (ILSS) test samples to evaluate the bending, compressive and ILSS properties of the build samples and compared with VABS and RABS-B samples. Moreover, the physical properties of the samples were also analyzed.

Upon three-point bend, compression and ILSS testing, it was found that RABS-B/CBW composite 3D printed with 0.7 mm layer width exhibited a notable improvement in maximum flexural load (L_max), flexural stress at maximum load (sf_max), flex modulus (E_f) and work of fracture (WOF), compression modulus (E_c) and ILSS properties by 30.5%, 49.6%, 88.4% 13.8, 21.6% and 30.3% respectively.

Limited research has been conducted on the in-nozzle impregnation technique for 3D printing metal fiber-reinforced recycled thermoplastic composites. Adopting this method holds the potential to create durable and high-strength sustainable composites suitable for engineering applications, thereby diminishing dependence on virgin materials.

The purpose of this paper is to deal with an unsteady natural convection flow of a rotating fluid past an exponential accelerated vertical plate. The effect of Hall current, ion-slip and magnetic field is considered. Two types of plate temperature, namely, uniform and ramped temperature are considered to model heat transfer analysis.

The Laplace transform technique is employed to find the closed form solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration.

The effects of flow governing parameters on the velocity profile, temperature profile, concentration profile, skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented through graphs and tables. It is found that fluid velocity in the primary flow direction decreases with the increase in the magnetic parameter.

First time in the literature, the authors obtained closed form solution to natural convection flow of a rotating fluid past an exponential accelerated vertical plate.