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This paper aims to provide a sensor for fast, sensitive and selective ethylene (C₂H₄) concentration measurements.

The paper developed a sensor platform based on tunable laser absorption spectroscopy with a 3,266-nm interband cascade laser (ICL) as an optical source and a hollow waveguide (HWG) as a gas cell. The ICL wavelength was scanned across a C₂H₄ strong fundamental absorption band, and an interference-free C₂H₄ absorption line located at 3,060.76 cm⁻¹ was selected. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the second harmonic detection (WMS-2f) technique was used to improve the sensitivity. Furthermore, the HWG gas cell can achieve a long optical path in a very small volume to improve the time response.

The results show excellent linearity of the measured 2f signal and the C₂H₄ concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Also, the response time is as short as about 10 s. The Allan variance analysis indicates that the detection limit can achieve 53 ppb with an integration time of 24 s.

The ethylene sensor has many meaningful applications in environmental monitoring, industrial production, national security and the biomedicine field.

The paper provides a novel sensor architecture which can be a versatile sensor platform for fast and sensitive trace-gas detection in the mid-infrared region.

This study aims to conduct an empirical investigation of differing perceptions of nine types of urban space and nine visual elements among tourists in destination using a computer vision (CV) approach.

The data for this study was extracted from YFCC 100 M dataset. Nine types of urban space in Beijing were initially identified using a scene recognition model. Subsequently, a semantic segmentation model was applied, which yielded substantial evidence relating to nine visual elements that were used to elicit differing perceptions among tourists from different continents.

Tourists from three continents had different perceptions about corridors, old buildings, overlooks and traffic spaces, reflecting their cultural convention. Asians, Europeans and North Americans diversely gazed at the landscape element of buildings, foliage, sky and people in urban space. All those provided evidence to contribute to the tourist gaze theory's construction.

This study firstly depicted how tourists perceive the tourism symbol of urban space. The novel approach of employing two CV models offer methodological insights to tourism research relevant to visual perception.

游客对城市空间的感知:计算机视觉途径

本研究采用计算机视觉方法, 探究游客对旅游目的地九种城市空间类型及九种视觉元素的感知差异。

本研究数据提取自YFCC 100M图片数据集。首先, 利用场景识别模型识别了游客图片中的九种城市空间类型。其次, 应用语义分割模型识别了游客图片的九个视觉元素。这些分析结果被用于探究不同大洲游客的视觉感知差异。

来自不同大洲的游客对城市空间有不同的感知偏好。亚洲人更喜欢拍摄自己与著名的城市建筑, 欧洲人和北美人更喜欢自然元素, 如水、树叶和天空。不同大洲游客对视觉元素的偏好佐证了旅游凝视理论。

本研究选取了独特的城市空间为研究对象, 来验证游客凝视理论。此外, 两种计算机视觉模型为旅游研究提供了新的方法论视角。

La percepción de los turistas del espacio urbano: Un enfoque de vision artificial

Resumen

Los datos para este estudio se extrajeron del conjunto de datos YFCC 100 M. Inicialmente se identificaron nueve tipos de espacio urbano en Pekín mediante un modelo de reconocimiento de escenas. Posteriormente, se aplicó un modelo de segmentación semántica, que aportó pruebas sustanciales en relación con nueve elementos visuales que se utilizaron para suscitar percepciones diferentes entre turistas de distintos continentes.

El objetivo de este estudio es llevar a cabo una investigación empírica sobre las diferentes percepciones de nueve tipos de espacio urbano y nueve elementos visuales entre los turistas en destino, utilizando un enfoque de visión artificial (CV).

Los turistas de tres continentes tenían percepciones diferentes sobre los pasillos, los edificios antiguos, los miradores y los espacios de tráfico, lo que refleja su convención cultural. Los asiáticos, los europeos y los norteamericanos observaron de forma diversa el elemento paisajístico de los edificios, el follaje, el cielo y las personas en el espacio urbano. Todos ellos aportaron pruebas para contribuir a la construcción de la teoría de la mirada turística.

Este estudio describe por primera vez cómo los turistas perciben el símbolo turístico del espacio urbano. El novedoso enfoque de emplear dos modelos de vision artificial ofrece conocimientos metodológicos para la investigación del turismo relacionados con la percepción visual.

This paper aims to answer the following four research questions: Where do tourists gaze at the destination? What do tourists gaze at the destination? How do tourists gaze differently? Why do tourists gaze differently referring to relevant theory?

With a computer vision approach, this study illustrated a series of maps that reflect where and what do tourists gaze at and compared the differences in the visual perceptions among Asian, European and North American tourists in Hong Kong.

The findings confirm that the “tourist gaze” is influenced by geographical and cultural conditions. The conclusions provided three types of implementations for destination management strategies and advocated a high engagement with computer vision technology.

In theory, this study proves that the “tourist gaze” is influenced by geographical and cultural conditions. The study’s methodological contribution lies in applying advanced technology of visual content analysis for big data relevant to the issue of the tourist gaze. Practically, the finding that has not been achieved via previous questionnaire surveys will serve as a reference for tourism recommendations and precision marketing. In addition, its practical contribution is that it offers a means by which to explore tourists’ perceptions of destinations and understand the attractiveness of destinations to tourists.

研究一方面使用计算机视觉深入学习模型对游客照片内容进行识别, 比较了亚洲、欧洲和北美游客在香港不同空间场景的视觉感知差异。另一方面, 研究借助ArcGIS软件对游客凝视地点和内容差异进行了具体可视化分析。

这项研究有四个研究子问题：

• （1） 游客在哪里凝视？

• （2） 游客凝视了什么？

• （3） 游客凝视内容有什么不同？

  （4） 为什么游客凝视不同？

（1） 游客在哪里凝视？

（2） 游客凝视了什么？

（3） 游客凝视内容有什么不同？

（4） 为什么游客凝视不同？

不同游客在旅游目的地的“凝视”存在差异, 差异表征具体体现在地点选择和内容偏好等维度。同时, 研究结果显示计算机视觉技术在旅游研究领域呈现较好的应用潜力。

理论上, 本研究佐证了”游客凝视”受地理和文化条件影响的理论。技术上, 本研究探索了视觉分析技术在游客凝视议题上应用, 为旅游目的地感知评估提供了新的视角。应用层面, 研究结论为旅游目的地精准营销提供了参考。

Resumen

Con un enfoque de visión artificial, este estudio ilustra una serie de mapas que reflejan dónde y qué miran los turistas, y compara las diferencias en las percepciones visuales entre los turistas asiáticos, europeos y norteamericanos en Hong Kong.

El estudio tiene cuatro preguntas de investigación:

• (1) ¿Dónde miran los turistas en el destino?

• (2) ¿Qué miran los turistas en el destino?

• (3) ¿Cómo miran los turistas de forma diferente?

• (4) ¿Por qué los turistas miran de forma diferente en referencia a la teoría pertinente?

(1) ¿Dónde miran los turistas en el destino?

(2) ¿Qué miran los turistas en el destino?

(3) ¿Cómo miran los turistas de forma diferente?

(4) ¿Por qué los turistas miran de forma diferente en referencia a la teoría pertinente?

Las conclusiones confirman que la “mirada del turista” está influida por las condiciones geográficas y culturales. Las conclusiones aportan tres tipos de aplicaciones para las estrategias de gestión de destinos y abogan por un alto compromiso con la tecnología de visión artificial.

En teoría, este estudio demuestra que la “mirada del turista” está influenciada por las condiciones geográficas y culturales. La contribución metodológica del estudio radica en la aplicación de tecnología avanzada de análisis de contenido visual para big data relevante para el tema de la mirada del turista. En la práctica, los hallazgos que no se han logrado a través de encuestas anteriores servirán de referencia para las recomendaciones turísticas y el marketing de precisión. Además, su contribución práctica es que ofrece un medio para explorar las percepciones de los turistas sobre los destinos, y comprender el atractivo de los mismos para los turistas.

The purpose of this paper is to focus on finding the optimal maintenance interval and the minimum maintenance cost for redundant system, considering environment factors.

The authors propose a decision model with environment-based preventive maintenance for the repairable redundant system. Referring to the k-out-of-n model and Proportional Hazard Model, the reliability analysis is completed for the redundant system affected by internal and external issues. Meanwhile, the maintenance cost for the redundant system is divided into two categories: the fixed maintenance cost involving whole system replacement at the time of system failure, and the cost to replace failure components when the system still functions.

Upon the required reliability analysis, an optimal maintenance interval that minimizes the average maintenance cost per unit time is identified. The simulation results indicate that the optimal maintenance interval with consideration of environmental factors is significantly shorter than that without consideration of these factors, with the maintenance cost increase within 10 percent.

The redundant systems have widely been used in industries including the aero craft control system and warship power system. The model could be applied in the more real case considering the types of components and the operation environment, and help production managers better maintain machines by increasing the safety and reliability of the redundant model with the more frequent inspection.

Previous research of redundant system always focuses on internal degradation, while ignoring the reliability analysis for a redundant system with various multiple components under the influence of environment. However, this work could fill the theoretical gap, i.e. simultaneously consider both environmental and internal factors for a redundant system with non-homogeneous components. Meanwhile, the proposed superior model increases the reliability and safety of the k-out-of-n model with reasonable cost. Production managers could benefit a lot from this as well.

An anomaly of entrepreneurship literature was that, despite serious efforts required to manage a business, few studies had investigated entrepreneurs' health conditions at the end of their careers. This study investigated whether one's entrepreneurship in a lifetime enhanced their health after a career plateau.

The authors tested the main effect and mediating effects of entrepreneurs' life habits and self-esteem, respectively, using two longitudinal representative examples with 8,984 and 12,686 participants.

Results indicated that entrepreneurship significantly improved individuals' general lifetime health condition. Moreover, life habits (e.g. vigorous activities or sports, light activities, drinking habits and diet habits) and self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between entrepreneurship and lifetime health. Entrepreneurs tended to have better health due to healthier life habits and higher self-esteem than salaried employees. In this paper, the authors also discussed theoretical and practical implications.

The authors proposed and found that, to counter the harsh requirements of entrepreneurial actions, entrepreneurs need to seek personal physical and psychological resources, and these resources can benefit their health even after decades.

Drawing on the social cognitive model of career self-management (CSM model) and deep learning theory, the authors' study aims to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing on career adaptability and explore how and when this effect occurs. The authors proposed a moderated sequential-mediation model linking knowledge sharing, knowledge depth, self-efficacy and career adaptability, moderated by reflective thinking.

The authors used a field survey involving 611 employees working in different enterprises in China to test the authors' predictions. For supplementary validation, the authors conducted a scenario-based experiment with a distinct sample of 148 employees from Chinese enterprises. The authors used hierarchical regression analysis, ANOVA analysis and moderated sequential-mediation analysis to test the hypotheses.

The results indicated a positive effect of knowledge sharing on career adaptability, sequentially mediated through knowledge depth and self-efficacy. Additionally, reflective thinking strengthened the positive effect of knowledge sharing on knowledge depth and further moderated the sequential mediating effect.

Previous research has predominantly focused on the perspective that individuals act as “recipients” from the environment in developing career adaptability. Instead, the authors adopt a “giving” perspective by investigating the influence of knowledge sharing on career adaptability, which advances the existing knowledge on the predictors of career adaptability.

This study aims to build a research model from the perspectives of knowledge hiding and idea implementation to examine what factors influence idea implementation and the cross-level moderating role of team territory climate.

Data were collected from universities, 52 (R&D) teams in China via a two-wave survey. The final sample contained 209 team members and their immediate supervisors. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test hypotheses.

The results indicated that individuals’ knowledge-hiding behavior had a significantly negative impact on idea implementation and creative process engagement, which played a mediating role. Team territorial climate played a cross-level moderating role between knowledge hiding and idea implementation. If team territorial climate was at a high level, then the negative connection between knowledge hiding and idea implementation would be weaker.

Under the perspective of territorial behavior in Chinese cultural, it can help to distinguish territorial behavior and be preventive at individual and team levels. This study not only enables managers to clearly understand the precipitating factors of idea implementation but also provides constructive strategies for alleviating the negative effects of knowledge territoriality on creative process engagement and idea implementation.

This study constructs a cross-level model to explore the relationship among knowledge hiding, creative process engagement and idea implementation at individual and team levels in the context of Chinese R&D enterprises. Additionally, the study analyzes the influence of territoriality on idea implementation under boundary conditions.

In many instances, the data exhibits periodic and trend characteristics. However, indices like the Digital Economy Development Index (DEDI), which pertains to science, technology, policy and economy, may occasionally display erratic behaviors due to external influences. Thus, to address the unique attributes of the digital economy, this study integrates the principle of information prioritization with nonlinear processing techniques to accurately forecast rapid and anomalous data.

The proposed method utilizes the new information priority GM(1,1) model alongside an optimized BP neural network model achieved through the gradient descent technique (GD-BP). Initially, the provincial Digital Economic Development Index (DEDI) is derived using the entropy weight approach. Subsequently, the original GM(1,1) time response equation undergoes alteration of the initial value, and the time parameter is fine-tuned using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Next, the GD-BP model addresses the residual error. Ultimately, the prediction outcome of the grey combination forecasting model (GCFM) is derived by merging the findings from both the NIPGM(1,1) model and the GD-BP approach.

Using the DEDI of Jiangsu Province as a case study, researchers demonstrate the effectiveness of the grey combination forecasting model. This model achieves a mean absolute percentage error of 0.33%, outperforming other forecasting methods.

First of all, due to the limited data access, it is impossible to obtain a more comprehensive dataset related to the DEDI of Jiangsu Province. Secondly, according to the test results of the GCFM from 2011 to 2020 and the forecasting results from 2021 to 2023, it can be seen that the results of the GCFM are consistent with the actual development situation, but it cannot guarantee the correctness of the long-term forecasting, so the combination forecasting model is only suitable for short-term forecasting.

This article proposes a grey combination prediction model based on the principles of new information priority and nonlinear processing.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the feasibility and challenges of one open training model in family‐owned companies' offspring education, regarded as CHINT's prodigal fund.

The paper is currently confined to literature and case study on CHINT's prodigal fund and is primarily based on the documents analysis and interviews with the members from the board of supervisors and the board of directors.

The relationship between the performance of venture capital fund and the succession was analyzed. It is found that the two main reasons affecting the development of prodigal fund are the unsystematically organization of fund development and the lack of diligence. Finally, to attract and motivate the use of family venture funds and to establish a sound governance mechanism will be the two chief areas to promote the development of family funds.

It is the first attempt to analyze and summarize this creative practice in succession – family venture fund. The case study provides a valuable perspective on educating the entrepreneurial spirit of innovation and exploration.

This paper aims to investigate the consumption and actual purchase behaviour of Malaysian food consumers who have experienced of buying imported food and to compare the differences between two groups, Muslim and non-Muslim.

This study collected data from the imported food buyers in Malaysia using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 435 usable responses were used for further analysis. To identify the Malaysian consumers’ imported food consumption, exploratory factor analysis was used. A t-test and χ² test were applied to compare the difference of consumer groups between Muslim and non-Muslims.

The results have found the determinants of imported food purchasing of both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers and the most perceived quality aspects related to their food lifestyles. Malaysian consumers, regardless of religion, are most affected by the intrinsic factors like nutrients, health functionality and freshness. Muslim consumers also mostly perceive taste as a quality aspect regarding to their food lifestyles.

This study provides a number of potentially important and valuable resources for the manufacturer or exporters seeking to enter the Malaysian food market. Imported food into Malaysia should adopt the customised strategies through the products emphasising health benefits and tastes to achieve maximum marketing results.

This paper contributes important information about imported food consumption of Malaysian consumers. Therefore, it will be useful for food manufacturers or exporters from in particular non-Muslim countries to understand Muslim consumers’ perception and purchasing behaviour towards imported food.