Weiwei Li, Zhuo Wang and Jinglian Huang
The purpose of this paper is to show that the e‐derivative is of great significance when revealing cryptographic characteristics of Boolean functions and assurance of the safety…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show that the e‐derivative is of great significance when revealing cryptographic characteristics of Boolean functions and assurance of the safety of the cryptographic system.
Design/methodology/approach
A new definition is introduced in this paper.
Findings
After introducing the e‐derivative, the authors obtain some relevant cryptographic properties and theorems which can fully reveal the relationships between characteristics and structures of Boolean functions. In logic circuit fields, the authors conduct the test to all the signals with numerical value 1 in the transmission line using the e‐derivative, which improves the ability of the test. In addition, when there is no expression of the transmission line the authors will obtain it through the vector, and then do troubleshooting.
Research limitations/implications
Logic circuit is the main limitation in the fault detection.
Practical implications
A very useful method for assurance of the safety of cryptographic systems.
Originality/value
This paper is the first time, in cryptology fields, that the e‐derivative of Boolean functions as a new definition is introduced to fully reveal the relationships between characteristics and structures of Boolean functions. In addition, they can also be applied to the locating test of the breakdown, which improves the ability of the test.
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Keywords
This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) where do a country's entrepreneurship policies come from? (2) How do they evolve and shape entrepreneurial activities?
Abstract
Purpose
This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) where do a country's entrepreneurship policies come from? (2) How do they evolve and shape entrepreneurial activities?
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon the comparative political economy literature and the institutional perspective, this paper proposes a theoretical model of the origin and evolution of entrepreneurship policies. We use China as a case study to apply the theoretical model and demonstrate the evolution of entrepreneurship policies in three stages during the period 1978 to 2012.
Findings
The case analysis of China provides evidence and support for our theoretical model and unpacks the process by which entrepreneurship policies originate and evolve as the result of the interplay among constantly changing policymaking, production, and knowledge regimes.
Research limitations/implications
Because of the research context, findings may lack generalisability. Additional studies on policymaking and production regimes of different kinds and their respective roles in shaping entrepreneurship policies are encouraged to further advance this line of research.
Practical implications
This paper offers important implications concerning entrepreneurship policy and activities for policymakers, practitioners and other stakeholders in emerging economies.
Originality/value
Our study fills a gap in the entrepreneurship literature by expanding scholarly understanding of the origin and evolution of entrepreneurship policies.
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Keywords
Song Zhu and Donglin Xia
China's securities market is growing gradually as well as the investors, analysts, intermediates and regulation authorities. Accounting earnings is a key determinant among the…
Abstract
Purpose
China's securities market is growing gradually as well as the investors, analysts, intermediates and regulation authorities. Accounting earnings is a key determinant among the factors influencing stock prices, which even overreacts to earnings. Split‐stock reform (all‐circulation reform) in China provides a chance for investors to revaluate the stock prices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the market reaction during the reform from the perspective of accounting conservatism.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the data of companies completing the split‐stock reform, this paper empirically investigates how the accounting conservatism influences the market reaction around re‐open day after the reform.
Findings
Accounting information plays its role on stock pricing through the reform of split‐stock reform in the China securities market, evident in the significantly positive relation between the proxies of accounting conservatism and cumulative abnormal returns for one day, three days, ten days and 30 days around re‐open day after the reform. Also, the profitability of listed firms in the past will further improve the positive relation between conservatism and market reaction.
Originality/value
There is ample theoretical work on stock pricing of accounting conservatism but empirical work is scarce, so this paper provides more evidence for the role of stock pricing of accounting conservatism, especially in emerging markets. Second, current research on accounting conservatism in China is focusing on whether conservatism exists and how the conservatism varies; this paper further extends the research field of conservatism from the pricing perspective. Third, researches based on the determinants of stock compensation and market reaction on stock reform lack theoretical analysis, while this paper provides a theory basis for the market reaction during the stock reform.