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Article
Publication date: 14 September 2010

Qi Zheng Li, Yu Zuo, Jing Mao Zhao, Yu Ming Tang, Xu Hui Zhao and Jin Ping Xiong

By adding a Ce salt and an Nd salt to an anodizing electrolyte, modified anodic films are obtained on aluminum surfaces. This paper aims to study the effects of rare‐earth…

350

Abstract

Purpose

By adding a Ce salt and an Nd salt to an anodizing electrolyte, modified anodic films are obtained on aluminum surfaces. This paper aims to study the effects of rare‐earth elements on the corrosion resistance of the anode film.

Design/methodology/approach

The crystalline film was studied by X‐ray diffraction. The methods of scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, electrochemical polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the properties of the films.

Findings

After rare‐earth element modification, the pores of the porous layer were very evidently smaller, the anodic film was more compact, and the thickness and hardness of the films had increased. The corrosion resistance of the anodic films modified with rare‐earth elements clearly was improved in neutral, acidic, and basic NaCl solutions. Ce showed a better effect than Nd in increasing the corrosion resistance of the films, and the film modified with Ce+Nd showed the highest corrosion resistance. EIS analysis showed that the impedances of both the barrier layer and porous layer of the anodic films increased after modification with the rare‐earth elements, indicating that the anodizing process was affected by the presence of the rare‐earth elements.

Originality/value

The results presented in this paper offer a foundation for further research and application of rare‐earth elements in aluminum anodic oxide films.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 57 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Book part
Publication date: 7 October 2024

Kaixiao Jiang and Liam O'Callaghan

This chapter explores how the development of football fandom for the Chinese national team and local football clubs is strongly associated with societal changes. Although the…

Abstract

This chapter explores how the development of football fandom for the Chinese national team and local football clubs is strongly associated with societal changes. Although the performances of Chinese football teams, especially the national team, have failed to impress the world, football remains the most popular because of millions of supporters with loyalty and passion. Most studies related to fans mainly focus on the economic and political implications of spectatorship along with the rise of China. Nevertheless, few articles are available to answer the fundamental questions, such as ‘When did these supporters come out?’ and ‘What were the factors of the development of fandom?’. By going through archival records and published documents over the last decades, this chapter offers a comprehensive and historical analysis of the development of football fandom in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and deals with these unanswered questions. As such, this chapter does not intend to be the most authoritative one but is one of the rare sources to lay down the foundation for research on Chinese football fandom. Furthermore, this chapter also proves that studies on football fandom can be a useful window for observing Chinese society.

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Publication date: 7 October 2024

Kaixiao Jiang and Jinyu Liu

This chapter critically evaluates whether football can attain recognition as a national sport in China. Article No. 11, released by the Chinese government in 2015, aimed to…

Abstract

This chapter critically evaluates whether football can attain recognition as a national sport in China. Article No. 11, released by the Chinese government in 2015, aimed to develop a new national strategy centralised on the sport of football to foster consumption and enhance national soft power. Consequently, this also means encouraging Chinese football fans to support the national football team. Comparing the significance of local football clubs and the national football team to Chinese football fans is deemed meaningless and unable to generate useful information to comprehend Chinese people's attitudes towards local and national communities. Through literature comparisons with established Chinese national sports such as Chinese martial arts, badminton and table tennis, the discussion reveals that football currently falls short of meeting the general criteria of invention and popularity to be considered a Chinese national sport. In the specific Chinese context, it also proves that football fails to meet the criterion of politics, hindering its identification as a national sport. Consequently, the chapter rebuts the assumption and advocates for the validity of comparing how fans assess their fandom for local and national football teams.

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Book part
Publication date: 10 November 2016

Dong Jinxia and Liu Lingnan

Sociology of sport in China has evolved from being an “exotic” subject to a localized subject over the past 35 years. It is closely associated with social changes, sports policy…

Abstract

Sociology of sport in China has evolved from being an “exotic” subject to a localized subject over the past 35 years. It is closely associated with social changes, sports policy and athletic achievement of China. As a discipline of humanitarian and social sciences of sport, it is taught in virtually all universities with sports majors. There are about 500 scholars specializing in sport sociology in the country. Textbooks written by Chinese and foreign scholars are published. Academic papers on sport sociology are often published in the 15 accredited core sports journals. The most productive authors are from universities and the developed provinces and municipalities. The established research areas of sport sociology are extensive. These include national identity, athlete mobility, Olympic legacy, sport for all, sports industry issues, feminist studies, community sport, sport for the aged and disabled, etc. However, there are few studies with critical analysis and only a few in the areas of sport and religion, sport and race, and deviance in sport in China. Various kinds of financial support at different levels are available in the country. Empirical research is common with literature review, questionnaire, case study, and interview being the most frequently used methods. However, sport sociology is not considered as a major topic but as a research direction and it is not accepted widely by mainstream sociology. The future of sport sociology is promising, but not without challenges.

Details

Sociology of Sport: A Global Subdiscipline in Review
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-050-3

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Book part
Publication date: 7 October 2024

Dehao Ma and Liu Ji

Along with the national government's expectation transformation, administrative system reform, economic transition, social demand structure's upgrading and population change…

Abstract

Along with the national government's expectation transformation, administrative system reform, economic transition, social demand structure's upgrading and population change, these negative effects are turning increasingly obvious and thus become huge powers that push the reform of traditional elite sports development mode forward. Against this background, in order to make this reform better adapted to China's reality and future development, the chapter suggests that Chinese traditional elite sports development mode should shift its driving forces of development from single to multiple, change its administrative system from government-oriented to society-oriented, develop its training concepts from instrumentalism to humanism, improve its construction of development from unbalanced to balanced and alter its effectiveness of development from extensive to intensive so as to achieve sustainable development.

Details

The Mediating Power of Sport
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-079-3

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Article
Publication date: 12 January 2023

Shaoyi Liu, Songjie Yao, Song Xue, Benben Wang, Hui Jin, Chenghui Pan, Yinwei Zhang, Yijiang Zhou, Rui Zeng, Lihao Ping, Zhixian Min, Daxing Zhang and Congsi Wang

Surface mount technology (SMT) is widely used and plays an important role in electronic equipment. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the effects of interface cracks on the…

94

Abstract

Purpose

Surface mount technology (SMT) is widely used and plays an important role in electronic equipment. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the effects of interface cracks on the fatigue life of SMT solder joint under service load and to provide some valuable reference information for improving service reliability of SMT packages.

Design/methodology/approach

A 3D geometric model of SMT package is established. The mechanical properties of SMT solder joint under thermal cycling load and random vibration load were solved by 3D finite element analysis. The fatigue life of SMT solder joint under different loads can be calculated by using the modified Coffin–Manson model and high-cycle fatigue model.

Findings

The results revealed that cracks at different locations and propagation directions have different effect on the fatigue life of the SMT solder joint. From the location of the cracks, Crack 1 has the most significant impact on the thermal fatigue life of the solder joint. Under the same thermal cycling conditions, its life has decreased by 46.98%, followed by Crack 2, Crack 4 and Crack 3. On the other hand, under the same random vibration load, Crack 4 has the most significant impact on the solder joint fatigue life, reducing its life by 81.39%, followed by Crack 1, Crack 3 and Crack 2. From the crack propagation direction, with the increase of crack depth, the thermal fatigue life of the SMT solder joint decreases sharply at first and then continues to decline almost linearly. The random vibration fatigue life of the solder joint decreases continuously with the increase of crack depth. From the crack depth of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, the random vibration fatigue life decreases by 86.75%. When the crack width increases, the thermal and random vibration fatigue life of the solder joint decreases almost linearly.

Originality/value

This paper investigates the effects of interface cracks on the fatigue life and provides useful information on the reliability of SMT packages.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 40 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

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Article
Publication date: 22 January 2019

Kejia Chen, Ping Chen, Lixi Yang and Lian Jin

The purpose of this paper is to propose a grey clustering evaluation model based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and interval grey number (IGN) to solve the clustering…

188

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a grey clustering evaluation model based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and interval grey number (IGN) to solve the clustering evaluation problem with IGNs.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the centre-point triangular whitenisation weight function with real numbers is built, and then by using interval mean function, the whitenisation weight function is extended to IGNs. The weights of evaluation indexes are determined by AHP. Finally, this model is used to evaluate the flight safety of a Chinese airline. The results indicate that the model is effective and reasonable.

Findings

When IGN meets certain conditions, the centre-point triangular whitenisation weight function based on IGN is not multiple-cross and it is normative. It provides a certain standard and basis for obtaining the effective evaluation indexes and determining the scientific evaluation of the grey class.

Originality/value

The traditional grey clustering model is extended to the field of IGN. It can make full use of all the information of the IGN, so the result of the evaluation is more objective and reasonable, which provides supports for solving practical problems.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 9 April 2020

Xiaodong Zhang, Ping Li, Xiaoning Ma and Yanjun Liu

The operating wagon records were produced from distinct railway information systems, which resulted in the wagon routing record with the same oriental destination (OD) was…

973

Abstract

Purpose

The operating wagon records were produced from distinct railway information systems, which resulted in the wagon routing record with the same oriental destination (OD) was different. This phenomenon has brought considerable difficulties to the railway wagon flow forecast. Some were because of poor data quality, which misled the actual prediction, while others were because of the existence of another actual wagon routings. This paper aims at finding all the wagon routing locus patterns from the history records, and thus puts forward an intelligent recognition method for the actual routing locus pattern of railway wagon flow based on SST algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the big data of railway wagon flow records, the routing metadata model is constructed, and the historical data and real-time data are fused to improve the reliability of the path forecast results in the work of railway wagon flow forecast. Based on the division of spatial characteristics and the reduction of dimension in the distributary station, the improved Simhash algorithm is used to calculate the routing fingerprint. Combined with Squared Error Adjacency Matrix Clustering algorithm and Tarjan algorithm, the fingerprint similarity is calculated, the spatial characteristics are clustering and identified, the routing locus mode is formed and then the intelligent recognition of the actual wagon flow routing locus is realized.

Findings

This paper puts forward a more realistic method of railway wagon routing pattern recognition algorithm. The problem of traditional railway wagon routing planning is converted into the routing locus pattern recognition problem, and the wagon routing pattern of all OD streams is excavated from the historical data results. The analysis is carried out from three aspects: routing metadata, routing locus fingerprint and routing locus pattern. Then, the intelligent recognition SST-based algorithm of railway wagon routing locus pattern is proposed, which combines the history data and instant data to improve the reliability of the wagon routing selection result. Finally, railway wagon routing locus could be found out accurately, and the case study tests the validity of the algorithm.

Practical implications

Before the forecasting work of railway wagon flow, it needs to know how many kinds of wagon routing locus exist in a certain OD. Mining all the OD routing locus patterns from the railway wagon operating records is helpful to forecast the future routing combined with the wagon characteristics. The work of this paper is the basis of the railway wagon routing forecast.

Originality/value

As the basis of the railway wagon routing forecast, this research not only improves the accuracy and efficiency for the railway wagon routing forecast but also provides the further support of decision-making for the railway freight transportation organization.

Details

Smart and Resilient Transportation, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2632-0487

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2017

Leshi Shu, Ping Jiang, Li Wan, Qi Zhou, Xinyu Shao and Yahui Zhang

Metamodels are widely used to replace simulation models in engineering design optimization to reduce the computational cost. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel…

383

Abstract

Purpose

Metamodels are widely used to replace simulation models in engineering design optimization to reduce the computational cost. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel sequential sampling strategy (weighted accumulative error sampling, WAES) to obtain accurate metamodels and apply it to improve the quality of global optimization.

Design/methodology/approach

A sequential single objective formulation is constructed to adaptively select new sample points. In this formulation, the optimization objective is to select a sample point with the maximum weighted accumulative predicted error obtained by analyzing data from previous iterations, and a space-filling criterion is introduced and treated as a constraint to avoid generating clustered sample points. Based on the proposed sequential sampling strategy, a two-step global optimization approach is developed.

Findings

The proposed WAES approach and the global optimization approach are tested in several cases. A comparison has been made between the proposed approach and other existing approaches. Results illustrate that WAES approach performs the best in improving metamodel accuracy and the two-step global optimization approach has a great ability to avoid local optimum.

Originality/value

The proposed WAES approach overcomes the shortcomings of some existing approaches. Besides, the two-step global optimization approach can be used for improving the optimization results.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 34 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 14 June 2011

Zhitang Li, Yangming Ma, Li Wang, Jie Lei and Jie Ma

The purpose of this paper is to show how to ensure a real‐time precise aggregation processing of network security events without difficultly determined parameters.

563

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show how to ensure a real‐time precise aggregation processing of network security events without difficultly determined parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The aggregation method includes the choice of aggregation granularity, consistency of abstraction layer, the expression of all hyper security events (HSEs) of a node in cache, and aggregation algorithm based on classification, etc.

Findings

The aggregation method is capable to provide a real‐time way for good HSEs for next correlation processing with weak and easy parameters to determine.

Research limitations/implications

The cost of space is not discussed in the method.

Practical implications

The aggregation method is suitable for real‐time management of difficult issues to resolve massive security events.

Originality/value

Many ideas and concepts of the paper are proposed for the first time, such as the expression of all HSEs of a node in cache, weak queue length instead of the weak‐time window and so on.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 40 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

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