Jun Sun, Xiao Zhang, Jianxiong Zhu, Yaming Gao, Hu Wang, Xiaoyong Zhao, Qin Teng, Yanping Ren and Guixiang Zhu
Currently, lubrication analysis of piston ring is generally done under engine rated operating condition. However, the engine (such as the vehicle engine) does not always operate…
Abstract
Purpose
Currently, lubrication analysis of piston ring is generally done under engine rated operating condition. However, the engine (such as the vehicle engine) does not always operate in rated operating condition, and its operating condition changes frequently in actual use. In addition, the lubrication status of piston ring is generally assumed as the flooded lubrication or a certain form of poor lubrication in most of the lubrication analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, based on the equations about the flow rate of lubricating oil and the variation of control volume, the flow model of lubricating oil in the piston ring-cylinder liner conjunction is established. The lubrication analysis of piston ring for a four-stroke engine under different engine operating conditions is done, in which the lubricating oil at the inlet of piston ring is considered as the lubricating oil attached on the relevant location of cylinder wall after the piston ring moves over at the previous stroke.
Findings
There is remarkable difference for the lubrication characteristics of the piston ring under different engine operating conditions. The worst lubrication status of piston ring may not take place under engine rated operating condition.
Originality/value
In this paper, based on the measured engine cylinder pressure, the lubrication analysis of piston ring for a four-stroke engine under different engine operating conditions is done in which the lubricating oil supply condition at the inlet of piston ring is considered. The results of this paper are helpful for the design and research of engine piston ring-cylinder liner conjunction.
Details
Keywords
Yixing Yang and Jianxiong Huang
The study aims to provide concrete service remediation and enhancement for LLM developers such as getting user forgiveness and breaking through perceived bottlenecks. It also aims…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to provide concrete service remediation and enhancement for LLM developers such as getting user forgiveness and breaking through perceived bottlenecks. It also aims to improve the efficiency of app users' usage decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes the user reviews of the app stores in 21 countries and 10 languages as the research data, extracts the potential factors by LDA model, exploratively takes the misalignment between user ratings and textual emotions as user forgiveness and perceived bottleneck and uses the Word2vec-SVM model to analyze the sentiment. Finally, attributions are made based on empathy.
Findings
The results show that AI-based LLMs are more likely to cause bias in user ratings and textual content than regular APPs. Functional and economic remedies are effective in awakening empathy and forgiveness, while empathic remedies are effective in reducing perceived bottlenecks. Interestingly, empathetic users are “pickier”. Further social network analysis reveals that problem solving timeliness, software flexibility, model updating and special data (voice and image) analysis capabilities are beneficial in breaking perceived bottlenecks. Besides, heterogeneity analysis show that eastern users are more sensitive to the price factor and are more likely to generate forgiveness through economic remedy, and there is a dual interaction between basic attributes and extra boosts in the East and West.
Originality/value
The “gap” between negative (positive) user reviews and ratings, that is consumer forgiveness and perceived bottlenecks, is identified in unstructured text; the study finds that empathy helps to awaken user forgiveness and understanding, while it is limited to bottleneck breakthroughs; the dataset includes a wide range of countries and regions, findings are tested in a cross-language and cross-cultural perspective, which makes the study more robust, and the heterogeneity of users' cultural backgrounds is also analyzed.
Details
Keywords
Yuan-pei Kuang, Jia-li Yang and Meseret-Chanie Abate
The multidimensional effects of farmland transfer in China have been profoundly unstudied. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the effects of the intermediary role…
Abstract
Purpose
The multidimensional effects of farmland transfer in China have been profoundly unstudied. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the effects of the intermediary role of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) of farmland transfer on agricultural economic growth in China.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the agricultural data of 30 provinces in China over the period 2005–2018, this paper uses the intermediary effect model to test the relationship between farmland transfer, agricultural TFP and agricultural economic growth. This paper employed an intermediary effect test model to investigate the intermediary role of agricultural TFP in the influence of farmland transfer on agricultural economic growth.
Findings
The findings indicated that farmland transfer has a significant effect on promoting agricultural economic growth. There is a significant “inverted U-shaped” relationship between farmland transfer and agricultural TFP. The sample value of 84.3% of farmland transfers in China is still within the TFP promoting effect range. In addition, farmland transfer has an indirect impact on agricultural economic growth through the channel of agricultural TFP. Agricultural TFP plays a significant intermediary role, but the effect is relatively low
Originality/value
This paper is the first to provide fundamental evidence on the impact of farmland transfers on agricultural economic growth in China, driven by agricultural TFP as an intermediary factor. Agricultural TFP can reduce the involution effect of farmland transfer and promote an indirect effect on agricultural economic growth.
Details
Keywords
Shagun Thukral, Sharada Sridhar and Medha Shriram Joshi
The paper aims to understand the factors that have limited the development of this market in India. With a conservative bank-based economy in the backdrop and with the Central…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to understand the factors that have limited the development of this market in India. With a conservative bank-based economy in the backdrop and with the Central Bank pulling the strings, the sovereign debt market occupies the most space in the bonds universe of India. The latter and almost minuscule portion of this market is occupied by the corporate and industrial houses that have forayed into the market to raise finances. This has led to a cycle where lack of participation leads to lack of liquidity and underdeveloped rating mechanisms which further pressurizes the development of this market in India.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is designed as a literature review which has attempted to identify the commonly agreed upon factors that have constrained the development of Corporate Bond markets in India especially and some other emerging economies who are successful or unsuccessful in their attempt to establish a corporate bond markets. These factors have then been categorized into broader heads and commented upon as a part of the analysis.
Findings
Corporate bond markets in India, although steadily progressing, is still impeded by the nature of the market itself. While the necessary steps have been taken to implement some of the recommendations by the Expert Committee, the response solicited has not quite been as expected. The poor liquidity, weak rating-mechanisms, absence of standardization and disclosure nomenclatures and illiquidity in the government bond market itself need to be addressed objectively.
Research limitations/implications
The research adopted attempts to validate prior research and the attempts by regulators to implement an action plan. However, further progress on the changing scenarios is encouraged to be tested through a quantitative analysis.
Originality/value
The government and the Central Bank have constantly emphasized the importance of developing the Corporate debt market. Several studies have attempted to analyze the factors that have crippled the growth and steps taken by the Central Bank and Securities and Exchange Board of India by appointing an Expert Committee. This paper has attempted to visit all these factors and analyze the attempts to overcome by the Expert Committee including the backdrop of other nations who have a vibrant corporate debt market today. It sets the tone for further quantitative or statistical analysis.