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Pressure-based methods have been demonstrated to be powerful for solving many practical problems in engineering. In many pressure-based methods, inner iterative processes are proposed to get efficient solutions. However, the number of inner iterations is set empirically and kept fixed during the whole computation for different problems, which is overestimated in some computations but underestimated in other computations. This paper aims to develop an algorithm with adaptive inner iteration processes for steady and unsteady incompressible flows.

In this work, with the use of two different criteria in two inner iterative processes, a mechanism is proposed to control inner iteration processes to make the number of inner iterations vary during computing according to different problems. By doing so, adaptive inner iteration processes can be achieved.

The adaptive inner iterative algorithm is verified to be valid by solving classic steady and unsteady incompressible problems. Results show that the adaptive inner iteration algorithm works more efficient than the fixed inner iteration one.

The algorithm with adaptive inner iteration processes is first proposed in this paper. As the mechanism for controlling inner iteration processes is based on physical meaning and the feature of iterative calculations, it can be used in any methods where there exist inner iteration processes. It is not limited for incompressible flows. The performance of the adaptive inner iteration processes in compressible flows is conducted in a further study.

This papers aims to provide a fixed cutter axis control (F-CAC) industrial robot (IR) milling for NURBS surfaces with large fluctuation, which can avoid over-cut and interference during IR milling in contrast to variable cutter axis control (V-CAC) IR milling.

After the design of a target surface, the IR reciprocating milling trajectory can be obtained using NURBS mapping projection method. A set of interpolation points of the reciprocating trajectory can be calculated using the equi-chord interpolation method. Combining with F-CAC method and curvature estimation, the IR reciprocating trajectory of the tool center point (TCP) without over-cut can be obtained. The programs corresponding to posture control using F-CAC can be generated by IR kinematics.

In contrast to the V-CAC milling method, the F-CAC method can machine successfully the NURBS surfaces with large fluctuation. The simulation and machining proves that F-CAC is feasible and effective to machine NURBS surface with large fluctuation without over-cut phenomenon. The F-CAC has wide application in carving and woodworking industry at present.

The F-CAC method is very practical and effective for IR milling of complex NURBS surfaces with large fluctuation without over-cut and interference phenomenon.

The National People’s Congress (NPC) of People’s Republic of China, the highest organ of state power, is popularly seen as a rubber-stamp entity. However, it has been substantially evolving its roles to accommodate the governance discourses within China’s political system over the decades. This study aims to explore the changes of governance discourse of the NPC within China’s political system through which to offer a thorough understanding of the NPC’s evolving substantial role in current China.

This study deploys a historical approach to explore the changes of governance discourse of the NPC that has seen a growing importance in China’s political agenda, as argued by this study.

The authors find that the NPC has been substantially evolving its role within China’s political system in which the Chinese Communist Party has created different governance discourses. Besides, the NPC and its Standing Committee have asserted its authority as a substantial actor within China’s political system. The NPC is no longer functioned as a rubber-stamp institution, though it is still popularized as a rubber stamp by many scholars.

This study is a historical elaboration on the development of NPC under three governance discourses. It might be, to some extent, relatively descriptive in nature.

This study, therefore, sheds some light on a revisit on the governance discourses in current China.