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The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic and function of oxide film formed on grinding wheel in electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) precision grinding and improve the quality of ELID grinding.

Dynamic film forming experiments were carried out with a simulation device close to the actual processing conditions. Then, the ELID grinding experiments of bearing rings were performed using grinding wheels with good film forming effect. The experiment was designed by quadratic regression general rotation combination method. The influence of grinding depth, electrolytic voltage, duty cycle and grinding wheel linear speed on grinding effect is analyzed.

A mathematical model for the formation rate of oxide film was established. The experiments show that the composition of grinding wheel and grinding fluid, as well as the electrical parameters, influence the film forming effect. Thus, the oxide film plays an important role in ELID grinding.

This study provides a reference for the design and selection of grinding wheel and grinding fluid and the setting of process parameters in ELID grinding.

This paper aims to present the design and a prototype experiment of a robotic joint module for tokamak in-vessel manipulator-related research; the results will promote the adaptation of current in-vessel inspection manipulator to achieve full tokamak in-vessel environment compatibility.

A flexible metallic bellow-enclosed working chamber is used to protect the main servo drive components, the active cooling method for high temperature protection and the servo control structure simplification for high radiation endurance. A joint module prototype is manufactured and tested under a similar in-vessel environmental condition for extreme condition protection validation and basic servo control ability evaluation.

The joint module prototype successfully survived the similar in-vessel environment tests and proved good mobility via closed-loop servo control. A conceptual design of a serial linkage manipulator with joint module structure is proposed for future in-vessel inspection manipulator development.

The proposed joint module uses common industrial servo components to achieve its full extreme in-vessel environment compatibility. Different from traditional metallic bellow application in a vacuum environment to produce a linear movement result, the proposed joint module aims to achieve rotating movement directly from the metallic bellow structure, thereby reducing the joint structure space requirement, simplifying the vacuum environment movement transmission structure and increasing the vacuum environment compatibility degree.

Because of the interest of enterprises and unions are often conflicting. For unions, how to promote union instrumentality is a critical issue. This study aims to apply the resource dependence theory to examine the role of cooperative approach to conflict in the relationship between union–enterprise guanxi and union instrumentality under the moderation of union leader humility.

A questionnaire survey was undertaken to collect data from enterprise human resource (HR) manager and union stewards in Taiwanese firms using a dyadic approach. Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping with a mediation model and moderated-mediation model were used to test the hypotheses.

The results show that cooperative approach to conflict is a prominent mediator between union–enterprise guanxi and union instrumentality, while union leader humility strengthens the positive association between cooperative approach to conflict and union instrumentality. Moderated-mediation analysis further demonstrates that the influence of the cooperative approach to conflict is stronger when there is a higher level of union leader humility.

The study offers an integrated picture about how union–enterprise social relationships promote union instrumentality.