Yuen-kiu Cheung, Jessica C.M. Li and Shimin Zhu
The aim of this study is to examine predictors and mediators of work-related stress among Hong Kong police officers.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine predictors and mediators of work-related stress among Hong Kong police officers.
Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative secondary survey data were used, based on surveys collected from 335 police officers in Hong Kong between May and June in 2020.
Findings
It was found that operational stressors were directly and positively related to work-related stress among Hong Kong police officers. The more the operational stressors, the more the work-related stress. It was also found that internal procedural justice had an indirect effect on work-related stress via work engagement among Hong Kong police officers. More internal procedural justice fostered an increased work engagement, causing less work-related stress.
Research limitations/implications
Given that the nature of secondary cross-sectional survey data, causal relationships are difficult to make.
Originality/value
Results from this study contribute to the expansion of the job demands-resources model (the JD-R model). This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) for quantitative secondary survey data analysis, providing a more accurate understanding of this topic. This study provides insights into how to formulate relevant measures to reduce work-related stress in policing occupation.
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Jessica C.M. Li, Jacky C.K. Cheung and Ivan Y. Sun
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of demands from three life domains: society, workplace and family and different resources at the individual, family and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of demands from three life domains: society, workplace and family and different resources at the individual, family and supervisor levels on occupational stress and work engagement among Hong Kong police officers.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey based on a random sample of 514 male and female police officers was conducted, and multivariate regression was employed to assess the effects of demands and resources on work stress and work engagement.
Findings
Family–work conflicts, organizational and operational factors affected work stress and work engagement among police officers. Constructive coping was found to be positively related to work stress and negatively associated with work engagement.
Research limitations/implications
Survey data collected from a single Chinese city may not be generalized to officers in other parts of China or Chinese societies with different social and political contexts.
Originality/value
The present study filled the knowledge gap about factors influencing police stress and engagement. This study provides insights into how to establish relevant contextual measures to reduce police work stress. This study represents one of the first attempts to use a random sample of police officers for the investigation of police stress in Hong Kong.
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The purpose of this paper is to assess senior citizens’ satisfaction with police in Hong Kong. It is intended to answer four research questions: are older citizens satisfied with…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess senior citizens’ satisfaction with police in Hong Kong. It is intended to answer four research questions: are older citizens satisfied with Hong Kong’s police? Do older citizens coming from different communities with variations in income and crime rates differ from other older citizens in their assessments of the police? to what extent can the respondents’ instrumental, expressive, and legitimacy concerns predict their satisfaction with the police? And is there variation in the predictive power of different kinds of concerns (instrumental, expressive, and legitimacy) on respondents’ satisfaction with fairness, integrity, and effectiveness (respectively)?
Design/methodology/approach
Findings of the study were based on survey interviews a sample of 1,061 elderly people aged 65 or above in 2013. A multiple-step sampling method was used to collected data from four types of communities according to the household income level of the residents and the community fraud crime rate.
Findings
The paper provides empirical insights about how senior citizens rate their level of satisfaction toward the police. Chinese elderly people’s assessment on the police is found connected with their instrumental, expressive, and legitimacy concerns as well as their educational attainment.
Research limitations/implications
Several limitations were acknowledged. First, the self-reported data in this study contained bias because of possible distortion in memory. Second, the cross-sectional data used in this study means that causal inferences are difficult to make. Third, the findings from the study have a limited generalizability because data were collected from a small and non-random sample.
Practical implications
Since better educated senior citizens are found more critical when rating police effectiveness in fighting crime, police officers may need to think of suitable channels to understand the expectations of the better educated elderly people and to absorb their ideas for improving policing practice.
Originality/value
This study is probably the first attempt of assessing the satisfaction with police of a specific target group, i.e. senior citizens in Hong Kong.
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George Yui-Lam Wong, Ron Chi-Wai Kwok, Shanshan Zhang, Gabriel Chun-Hei Lai, Yanyan Li and Jessica Choi-Fung Cheung
This study aims to examine the impact of information communication technology-enabled work during non-working hours (ICT-enabled WNWHs), as a source of stress, on employee…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of information communication technology-enabled work during non-working hours (ICT-enabled WNWHs), as a source of stress, on employee behavioral outcomes –in-role job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) that benefit organizations and OCBs that benefit individuals, through emotional responses – work exhaustion, nonwork exhaustion and organization-based self-esteem. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns demonstrated that employees frequently engage in ICT-enabled WNWHs, studying stress induced by ICT-enabled WNWHs is essential for understanding employee adaptation to the work-from-home trend that emerged from COVID-19 lockdowns.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative survey comprising 1,178 employees in China was conducted, and the data reliability and validity were confirmed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was employed to test the hypotheses.
Findings
The study results empirically proved that, although ICT-enabled WNWHs had significant effects on employee behavioral outcomes, the related emotional responses were the mediators of the stress transmission mechanism that directly affected employee behavioral outcomes. Notably, work exhaustion and organization-based self-esteem partially mediate the stress transmission mechanism, while nonwork exhaustion exerts a full mediating effect.
Originality/value
This study proposes the stress transmission mechanism of ICT-enabled WNWHs and delineates emotional responses regarding the work environment attributes of ICT-enabled WNWHs, an approach rarely seen in prior IS studies. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to identify and empirically demonstrate organization-based self-esteem as one among the emotional responses to ICT-enabled WNWHs. Furthermore, it expands understanding of the holistic impacts of ICT-enabled WNWHs, which is lacking in information systems (IS) literature.
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Jessica C. Murray, Robert J. Harrington, Prakash K. Chathoth and M. Sajid Khan
This study aims to explore memory-dominant logic (MDL) in the luxury hotel context to assess the flow of management experience decisions to memorable experiences, which lead to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore memory-dominant logic (MDL) in the luxury hotel context to assess the flow of management experience decisions to memorable experiences, which lead to guest outcomes. While research into memorable experiences has gained traction, the theoretical underpinnings of what makes an experience memorable in a luxury hotel setting are not well documented.
Design/methodology/approach
A grounded theory, qualitative methodology was used to assess MDL value transformation. Inductive methods included conducting in-depth interviews with hotel managers and analyzing social media reviews for each hotel. Guest reviews served as an indicator of memory outcomes and the counterpoint to the managerial interviews, supporting or refuting interview findings.
Findings
Key dimensions emerged, emphasizing the importance of managerial inputs to experience design, service experience attributes and memorable experience creation, demonstrating a sequence of memory-based value creation and outcomes such as positive word of mouth/electronic word of mouth (WOM/eWOM). Sentiment analysis identified attributes that appear to be a “must-have” to avoid dissatisfaction, as well as areas at risk for negative memories. Dimensions were developed into a framework using themes derived from MDL value transformation, management and consumer inputs that influence memorable experience outcomes in this context.
Research limitations/implications
The study supported the MDL theoretical framework by illustrating the flow from managerial inputs to the service experience, to elements of experience co-creation, and through to the guests’ WOM/eWOM and experience memories. The findings highlighted the symbiotic relationship between firm culture and service experience design, providing guidance for managerial practice going forward.
Originality/value
This paper uncovers major themes and dimensions identified by guests and managers as necessary in creating memorable experiences in a luxury setting and develops a framework that serves as a foundation for further study, including anteceding factors and their impact on hedonic consumption across experience domains.
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Bin Li, Jianzhong Fu, Yongjie Jessica Zhang, Weiyi Lin, Jiawei Feng and Ce Shang
Majority of the existing direct slicing methods have generated precise slicing contours from different surface representations, they do not carry any interior information…
Abstract
Purpose
Majority of the existing direct slicing methods have generated precise slicing contours from different surface representations, they do not carry any interior information. Whereas, heterogeneous solids are highly preferable for designing and manufacturing sophisticated models. To directly slice heterogeneous solids for additive manufacturing (AM), this study aims to present an algorithm using octree-based subdivision and trivariate T-splines.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a direct slicing algorithm for heterogeneous solids using T-splines, which can be applied to AM based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. First, trivariate T-splines are constructed using a harmonic field with the gradient direction aligning with the slicing direction. An octree-based subdivision algorithm is then used to directly generate the sliced layers with heterogeneous materials. For FDM-based AM applications, the heterogeneous materials of each sliced layer are discretized into a finite number of partitions. Finally, boundary contours of each separated partition are extracted and paired according to the rules of CuraEngine to generate the scan path for FDM machines equipped with multi-nozzles.
Findings
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective and reliable, especially for solid objects with multiple materials, which could maintain the model integrity throughout the process from the original representation to the final product in AM.
Originality/value
Directly slicing heterogeneous solid using trivariate T-splines will be a powerful supplement to current technologies in AM.
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Nancy Ursel, Xiaohua Lin and Jessica Li
Chinese companies have recently started listing ADRs in North American stock exchanges and thus offered an alternative venue for Western investors whose access to the Chinese…
Abstract
Chinese companies have recently started listing ADRs in North American stock exchanges and thus offered an alternative venue for Western investors whose access to the Chinese market has largely been limited to the illiquid B shares. Are ADRs a good substitute for investing in Chinese B Shares? We examine characteristics of return distributions for indices of Chinese shares and an index of Chinese ADRs. We also compare efficient frontiers for portfolios including Chinese shares and Chinese ADRs and compute possible portfolio allocations. We find that investing in Chinese ADRs does not provide a risk/return tradeoff similar to direct investment in Chinese stock exchanges.
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Robert Kinlocke, Aleem Mahabir, Rose-Ann Smith and Jarda Nelson
Amid the multitude of economic effects emanating from impositions of COVID-19, workers in the tourism sector are potentially experiencing significant psychosocial impacts. These…
Abstract
Amid the multitude of economic effects emanating from impositions of COVID-19, workers in the tourism sector are potentially experiencing significant psychosocial impacts. These effects are compounded by the uncertainty of pathways for positive change and the precariousness of adjustments to life and livelihoods. Their attitudes to the newly imposed circumstances are possibly conditioned by a sense of hope which may have implications for their adaptations in the face of sudden or slow change. In this chapter, we argue that one’s sense of hope represents an important component of psychosocial well-being and may even be visualized as a necessary component of adaptation. Hope is conceptualized as a cognitive process that entails thinking and planning in order to achieve proposed goals (Snyder, Irving, & Anderson, 1991; Snyder, Lopez, Shorey, Rand, & Feldman, 2003) and can be operationalized into three core components: goals, pathways, and agency. Based on in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey administered to former accommodation workers in the Negril tourism industry, this chapter examines expressions of hope(lessness) existing among workers displaced by COVID-19. It potentially provides nuanced understandings of hope as a necessary raw material for adaptation initiatives and explores ways in which a sense of hope could be harnessed in the face of disasters and despair.