Daphne Statham and Jennifer Bernard
This case study examines the reasons that the National Skills Academy for Social Care established the first national social care management trainee scheme for newly qualified…
Abstract
This case study examines the reasons that the National Skills Academy for Social Care established the first national social care management trainee scheme for newly qualified graduates. Using information from the National Skills Academy Social Care Team and confidential interviews, this case study describes how the scheme was set up, its aspirations and initial responses from the 20 graduate trainees.
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Mahyar Khorasani, Jennifer Loy, Amir Hossein Ghasemi, Elmira Sharabian, Martin Leary, Hamed Mirafzal, Peter Cochrane, Bernard Rolfe and Ian Gibson
This paper reviews the synergy of Industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing (AM) and discusses the integration of data-driven manufacturing systems and product service systems as a…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper reviews the synergy of Industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing (AM) and discusses the integration of data-driven manufacturing systems and product service systems as a key component of the Industry 4.0 revolution. This paper aims to highlight the potential effects of Industry 4.0 on AM via tools such as digitalisation, data transfer, tagging technology, information in Industry 4.0 and intelligent features.
Design/methodology/approach
In successive phases of industrialisation, there has been a rise in the use of, and dependence on, data in manufacturing. In this review of Industry 4.0 and AM, the five pillars of success that could see the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, robotics and materials science enabling new levels of interactivity and interdependence between suppliers, producers and users are discussed. The unique effects of AM capabilities, in particular mass customisation and light-weighting, combined with the integration of data and IoT in Industry 4.0, are studied for their potential to support higher efficiencies, greater utility and more ecologically friendly production. This research also illustrates how the digitalisation of manufacturing for Industry 4.0, through the use of IoT and AM, enables new business models and production practices.
Findings
The discussion illustrates the potential of combining IoT and AM to provide an escape from the constraints and limitations of conventional mass production whilst achieving economic and ecological savings. It should also be noted that this extends to the agile design and fabrication of increasingly complex parts enabled by simulations of complex production processes and operating systems. This paper also discusses the relationship between Industry 4.0 and AM with respect to improving the quality and robustness of product outcomes, based on real-time data/feedback.
Originality/value
This research shows how a combined approach to research into IoT and AM can create a step change in practice that alters the production and supply paradigm, potentially reducing the ecological impact of industrial systems and product life cycle. This paper demonstrates how the integration of Industry 4.0 and AM could reshape the future of manufacturing and discusses the challenges involved.
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Commences with a review of the differences between consumer and business markets, and then proceeds to review the characteristics of the on‐line search services that have changed…
Abstract
Commences with a review of the differences between consumer and business markets, and then proceeds to review the characteristics of the on‐line search services that have changed in order to facilitate the transition to end‐user services. Products have been significantly re‐designed to meet the needs of the end‐users. Interfaces have been improved, a range of different distribution channels are available, and products and services have been clustered. However, pricing strategies remain reminiscent of business markets. Online search services can not be regarded as retailers, but in offering products that are attractive to the end‐user are engaged in tactics that will push their products through the distribution chain.
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Jennifer E. James, Meghan Foe, Riya Desai, Apoorva Rangan and Mary Price
The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical overview of compassionate release policies in the USA and describe how these policies have been used during the COVID-19…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical overview of compassionate release policies in the USA and describe how these policies have been used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors then describe how these programs have been shaped by COVID-19 and could be reimagined to address the structural conditions that make prisons potentially life limiting for older adults and those with chronic illness.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is primarily descriptive, offering an overview of the history of compassionate release policies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors augmented this description by surveying state Departments of Corrections about their utilization of compassionate release during 2019 and 2020. The findings from this survey were combined with data collected via Freedom of Information Act Requests sent to state Departments of Corrections about the same topic.
Findings
The findings demonstrate that while the US federal prison system saw a multifold increase in the number of individuals released under compassionate release policies in 2020 compared to 2019, most US states had modest change, with many states maintaining the same number, or even fewer, releases in 2020 compared with 2019.
Originality/value
This paper provides both new data and new insight into compassionate release utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers new possibilities for how compassionate release might be considered in the future.
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Daina S. Lieberman and Jennifer K. Clayton
The purpose of this paper is to investigate power and its influence on the teaching assignment process and school-based decision making.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate power and its influence on the teaching assignment process and school-based decision making.
Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative interpretive design and thematic analysis were used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers and administrators.
Findings
Both teachers and administrators discussed power and social capital as components of the teaching assignment process. Teachers viewed the origins of their social capital differently than administrators and felt social capital was evident in school-based decision making and the teaching assignment process.
Research limitations/implications
Participants were demographically rather homogeneous. Further studies with a diverse sample could examine race and gender as factors in the teaching assignment process.
Practical implications
This study demonstrates a need for administrators to examine how they consider social capital when distributing teaching assignments and involving teachers in school-based decision making. Administrators’ actions may result in teacher tracking, disadvantaging marginalized and at-risk student populations.
Social implications
There is a clear disconnect between administrator and teacher understanding of the purpose and practice of teaching assignment distribution. Administrators were unaware of their own power, how they wielded it, and the effect it had on teachers.
Originality/value
Few studies have examined teacher–administrator power relations or the teaching assignment process at the secondary level. This study connects the teaching assignment process to social capital and power.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the beliefs, self-perceptions, and self-reported behaviors around physical activity among Barbadian women on the Caribbean island of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the beliefs, self-perceptions, and self-reported behaviors around physical activity among Barbadian women on the Caribbean island of Barbados, and among Barbadian migrant women in Atlanta, Georgia. It investigates their perceptions and practices of physical activity and its relationship to health, and how these ideas and practices differ between the two sites.
Design/methodology/approach
Situated within long-term ethnographic research conducted in both study sites, this paper focuses on qualitative interview data and quantitative physical activity logs from 31 Barbadian women.
Findings
Most study subjects expressed belief that physical activity is valuable to their health. Women in Barbados described their own lives as active, and documented this activity in their physical activity logs. However, women in Atlanta described patterns of limited activity that were evidenced in their logs. Qualitative interviews determined that the overarching reasons for this inactivity are the structural confines of wage labor and the built environment.
Social implications
These findings indicate that rather than health promotions that emphasize individual responsibility, physical activity levels in US migrant populations may more likely be altered by addressing the structural limitations of the American work day or the ubiquitous urban commute time.
Originality/value
This paper is unique in its contribution of dual-sited qualitative research that explores the motivations and limitations of physical activity in a migrant population. In addition, it enhances the existing literature by examining a native-English-speaking, middle-class population in migration.
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Faye J. Crosby, Margaret S. Stockdale, Myrtle P. Bell and Jennifer Berdahl
Frans H. Doppen and Jennifer E. Tesar
This article presents the findings of a study that sought to gain an insight into social studies preservice teachers’ reported reasons for selecting a primary source document they…
Abstract
This article presents the findings of a study that sought to gain an insight into social studies preservice teachers’ reported reasons for selecting a primary source document they believe will be at the heart of their curriculum. Their selections included founding documents, historical speeches, inspirational sources, as well as personal mementos. The authors conclude with a discussion of implications for social studies teacher education.