Purpose – This chapter considers the consequences on liberty in relationship to the development of the international problem-solving court movement.Design/methodology/approach �…
Abstract
Purpose – This chapter considers the consequences on liberty in relationship to the development of the international problem-solving court movement.
Design/methodology/approach – The research, which relies principally on ethnographic fieldwork in six different common law countries (England, Ireland, Scotland, Australia, Canada, and the United States), explores the development of local problem-solving courts in each jurisdiction. These include drug courts, community courts, domestic violence courts, and mental health courts. The ethnographic fieldwork was supplemented with data from various other sources, including government reports, parliamentary debates, evaluations of individual court programs, publications issued by various advocacy groups, media accounts, public statements and articles by problem-solving court judges, and analyses of specialty courts in law reviews and other academic journals.
Findings – The research reveal that the five countries outside of the United States demonstrate greater concern with protecting the dignity of the court, due process, and individual rights – or what the Australians refer to as open and natural justice.
Originality/value – It is the first large-scale comparative study of problem-solving courts in the common law countries where the movement is most advanced.
Jelena Popović, Drago Dolinar, Gorazd Štumberger and Beno Klopčič
So far the proposed analytical methods for calculation of copper losses are rather simplified and do not include the time component in the basic partial differential equations…
Abstract
Purpose
So far the proposed analytical methods for calculation of copper losses are rather simplified and do not include the time component in the basic partial differential equations, which describe current density distribution. Moreover, when the physical parameters of the transformer (wire dimensions) are out of the certain range, the current density distribution approaches infinity. The purpose of this paper is to offer a generally applicable analytical method. The main goal of the proposed modification of the solution to the current density is improvement of the accuracy and stability of the analytical results.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper deals with the calculation of copper losses with various methods, which are based on a time‐dependent electromagnetic field. Analytical method is based on Maxwell equations and Helmholtz equation. Numerical calculation is performed with finite element method (FEM).
Findings
Analytical method is a very accurate and it gives results, which are very similar to the actual behaviour of the current density in the winding. However, the FEM analysis is easier to comprehend, but yet very dependent on input parameters.
Research limitations/implications
The numerical analysis may not be accurate enough, because of the problems with the oscillation of the output welding current amplitude. To calculate copper losses correctly, the output welding current must be equal in all test cases, especially during the measurements.
Originality/value
When the physical properties exceed a certain range, the copper losses of the analyzed welding transformer cannot be calculated with existing analytical methods. The new analytical approach gives a far more realistic solution to the current density distribution and improves the accuracy and stability of the results.
Details
Keywords
Sanjica Faletar Tanacković, Meri Bajić and Martina Dragija Ivanović
This chapter presents findings from a study into reading interests and habits of prisoners in six Croatian penitentiaries, and their perception and use of prison libraries. The…
Abstract
This chapter presents findings from a study into reading interests and habits of prisoners in six Croatian penitentiaries, and their perception and use of prison libraries. The study was conducted with the help of self-administered print survey. A total of 30% of prison population (male and female) in selected prisons was included in the study and a total of 504 valid questionnaires were returned (response rate of 81.3%). Findings indicate that reading is the respondents’ most popular leisure activity and that they read more now than before coming to prison. Respondents read more fiction than non-fiction. Most frequently they read crime novels, thrillers, and historical novels. To a lesser degree, they read religious literature, biographies, spiritual novels, social problem novels, self-help, war novels, science fiction, erotic novels, romances, spy novels and horrors. Respondents would like to read daily newspapers and magazines, and books about sport, health, travel, computers, hobbies, cookbooks, etc. Respondents have wide reading interests (both in relation to fiction and non-fiction) but they do not have access to them in their prison library. Respondents reported that reading makes their life in prison easier and their time in prison passes faster with books. Only about a quarter of respondents are satisfied with their prison library collection. Almost a fifth of respondents does not visit the library at all because it does not have anything they would like to find there: newspapers, modern literature, non-fiction, reading material for visually impaired and computers.