Rudi Coetzer, Emma Carroll and Jean A. Ruddle
In addition to physical, behavioural and cognitive impairment, emotional difficulties such as anxiety and depression are also common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can…
Abstract
Purpose
In addition to physical, behavioural and cognitive impairment, emotional difficulties such as anxiety and depression are also common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can contribute to chronic disability. Understanding more about the relationship between emotional problems and social factors such as employment status after TBI can potentially help to inform rehabilitation practice to improve long‐term outcomes. This study attempts to determine if depression and/or anxiety after TBI are associated with being unemployed.
Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative study considered the associations between depression, anxiety and employment status in people with TBI. The participants were 62 adults with a history of TBI, on average 99 months post‐injury, and attending community‐based rehabilitation. Data regarding anxiety and depression as measured by the HADS as well as employment status were collected and analyzed for potential associations between these variables.
Findings
A statistically significant association between the presence of depression and not being in employment was revealed by this study. The same association, however, was not found for anxiety and employment status. The relationship between depression and employment may be complex and should also be considered within for example the societal context, including actual availability of opportunities for employment, legislation and statutory initiatives to facilitate return to work initiatives. The employment of disabled persons, including as a result of TBI, should be viewed within the wider context of societal discrimination against disabled people.
Research limitations/implications
There are several limitations to be considered when interpreting the findings from this study, including modest sample size, a broad range in time since injury, the wide age range of the participants, as well as the use of only questionnaires to confirm the presence or absence of depression and anxiety symptoms after TBI.
Practical implications
Practitioners should be aware of the potential adverse effect of depression and anxiety on outcome after TBI. Where limited opportunity exists for successful employment outcome after TBI, practitioners should work towards preventing repeated failure in persons with TBI trying to get back to work. Specialist case management may have a valuable role to play in this area.
Originality/value
This study confirms an association between unemployment and depression in people with TBI.
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Henry W. Lane, Bert Spector, Joyce S. Osland and Sully Taylor
Managing global change is one of the key competencies demanded of global leaders and one of the main challenges they face, according to some scholars. However, leading change in…
Abstract
Managing global change is one of the key competencies demanded of global leaders and one of the main challenges they face, according to some scholars. However, leading change in the global context is one of the most under-researched areas of global leadership. This conceptual chapter first contrasts the organizational development and organization change fields and then proposes a hybrid approach termed global strategic change. Global strategies require new patterns of employee behavior and an enhanced appreciation of the dynamics of intercultural change in which two or more national cultures are involved. Understanding these demands on employee behavior will aid managers in pursuing their globalization efforts. Culture is conceived as a boundary condition, and cultural values that might impact each stage in the change process are identified. Two case studies illustrate successful global strategic change by expert global leaders who were not intimidated by cultural stereotypes. Thoughtful executives can create strategic performance improvements by avoiding being trapped or intimidated by a simplistic interpretation of cultural constraints.
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Considering the perceived significance of librarians and information experts as professional information seekers and information seeking educators and of the institutional setting…
Abstract
Purpose
Considering the perceived significance of librarians and information experts as professional information seekers and information seeking educators and of the institutional setting of information work, very little is known about the information practices of librarians and information professionals, their contexts and implications for libraries and their users. The aim of this study is to explore the information interactions of library professionals within and in relation to the context of the setting of the library.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is based on a qualitative case study of a large North European city library. Material was collected using information seeking diaries, interviews and ethnographic observation in the library space.
Findings
The information practices of librarians are contextual to the setting of the library within which the meeting of the assumptions of library users, of the use of that particular system plays a significant role. The systemic interplay of librarians, library users and other parts of the system constrains the breadth of the available information at libraries, but at the same time, keeping to a particular set of shared norms and practices of library use also facilitates the use of the system.
Research limitations/implications
The generalisability of the findings is limited by the fact that they are based on an individual case study.
Practical implications
The systemic nature of library and its reproduction in a process of structuration underlines the need to develop information services in libraries from a holistic perspective that takes into account the practical implications of the shared norms and assumptions of how a library should work.
Originality/value
There is little earlier research on the information practices of library and information professionals, particularly with specific reference to its implications for libraries and their users.
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Robert F. Bruner, Philippe Demigne, Jean-Christophe Donek, Bertrand George and Michael Levy
In April 1992, this multinational consumer foods and beverages company is the focus of takeover rumors, which have prompted an assessment of the firm's returns. The student must…
Abstract
In April 1992, this multinational consumer foods and beverages company is the focus of takeover rumors, which have prompted an assessment of the firm's returns. The student must choose among the principal methods of estimating the weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for GrandMet and its three main business segments, and must then produce WACC estimates in order to evaluate the firm's performance.
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