Ricardo Mora and Javier Ruiz-Castillo
In the context of educational segregation by ethnic group, it has been argued that rigorous pairwise segregation comparisons over time or across space should be invariant in two…
Abstract
In the context of educational segregation by ethnic group, it has been argued that rigorous pairwise segregation comparisons over time or across space should be invariant in two situations: when the ethnic composition of the population changes while the distribution of each ethnic group over the schools remains constant (invariance 1), or when the size distribution of schools changes while the ethnic composition of each school remains constant (invariance 2). This paper makes two contributions to the segregation literature. First, it argues by means of the Mutual Information or M index, which is neither invariant 1 nor 2, that both properties have strong implications, and it provides reasons to defend that the overall segregation index need not satisfy either one. Second, nevertheless, it is shown that in pairwise comparisons this index admits two decompositions into three terms. In the first decomposition, a term is invariant 1 and also satisfies a weak version of invariance 2. In the second decomposition, a term is invariant 2 and also satisfies a weak version of invariance 1. It is shown that these decompositions can be used to reach the analogous ones obtained in Deutsch et al. (2006).
Javier Mora, Rubén Otín, Pooyan Dadvand, Enrique Escolano, Miguel A. Pasenau and Eugenio Oñate
The aim of the paper is to propose three computer tools to create electromagnetic simulation programs: GiD, Kratos and EMANT.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the paper is to propose three computer tools to create electromagnetic simulation programs: GiD, Kratos and EMANT.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a review of numerical methods for solving electromagnetic problems and presentation of the main features of GiD, Kratos and EMANT.
Findings
The paper provides information about three computer tools to create electromagnetic simulation packages: GiD (geometrical modeling, data input, visualisation of results), Kratos (C++ library) and EMANT (finite element software for solving Maxwell equations).
Research limitations/implications
The proposed platforms are in development and future work should be done to validate the codes for expecific problems and to provide extensive manual and tutorial information.
Practical implications
The tools could be easily learnt by different user profiles: from end‐users interested in simulation programs to developers of simulation packages.
Originality/value
This paper offers an integrated vision of open and easily customisable tools for the demands of different users profiles.
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Yves Flückiger, Sean F. Reardon and Jacques Silber
Although the measurement of segregation by gender or ethnic group in the labor force has long been of interest to both sociologists and economists, the sociology and economics…
Abstract
Although the measurement of segregation by gender or ethnic group in the labor force has long been of interest to both sociologists and economists, the sociology and economics literatures on this topic have evolved in different ways and remained largely separate. This has also been the case to some extent with research on the measurement of residential segregation. Although much of the segregation measurement literature is in sociology and geography, economists have contributed to this field as well, particularly in the development of measures of residential income segregation. Again, however, the economics literature has remained largely separate from that in geography and sociology.
Inés Küster Boluda, Natalia Vila-Lopez, Elisabet Mora and Javier Casanoves-Boix
This study analyzes the impact of sports social media on a country regarding three international events connected to the brand Spain. It examines (1) the use and importance of…
Abstract
Purpose
This study analyzes the impact of sports social media on a country regarding three international events connected to the brand Spain. It examines (1) the use and importance of various social media platforms in sports events and (2) identifies the countries generating the most social media content.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 1,711,084 posts were collected for analysis, focusing on FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, XLI Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso 2022 and Davis Cup 2022, with a particular emphasis on the Spain brand. Through Atribus, diverse social media data were recovered and analyzed. Later, we recommended employing various metrics and ANOVAs to address the research questions. Additionally, we conducted a sentiment analysis.
Findings
The results show differences between (1) the use and relevance of social network platforms and events and (2) the content generated by different countries. The practical implications offer valuable insights for sports event organizers, destination managers and other stakeholders. The research implications suggest potential avenues for future research based on the observed patterns and behaviors in social media posts related to sports events and Brand Spain.
Originality/value
(1) Some papers have studied the role of sports events’ social media, ignoring the comparison among different social media platforms; (2) usually, previous literature has focused on a single event or sport and (3) although there is considerable research related to the strategic and operational Inés Küster Boluda Inés Küster Boluda role of social media, there is less systematic analysis related to the extent sports events use social media in general and in specific social media platforms and virtually nonexistent studies that employ index measurements.
研究目的
本研究擬分析就三個與西班牙品牌有關的國際體育賽事而言,體育社交媒體對一個國家的影響。俱體而言,本研究擬探討: (一) 、各體育賽事社交媒體平台的使用和其重要性,以及 (二) 、是哪些國家生成最多的社交媒體內容。
研究設計/方法/理念
研究人員收集共計1,711,084帖子以便進行分析;其焦點放在2022年卡塔爾世界盃 (即2022年國際足聯世界盃) ,2022年特尼利尼達阿方索馬拉松賽-瓦倫西亞 (XLI Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso 2022) 和2022年台維斯盃;研究人員特別把重點放在西班牙品牌上。研究人員透過 Atribus 重新取得多種多樣的社交媒體數據,然後進行分析。之後,研究人員建議使用不同的度量和方差分析去處理各研究問題,以及進行了情感分析。
研究結果
研究結果顯示了以下兩者之差異:(一) 、社交網絡平台和比賽項目的使用和關聯,以及 (二) 、不同國家生成的內容。從這個研究發現,體育賽事的籌辦者、目的地管理人員和其它利益相關者,均會獲得寶貴的實務啟示;至於就未來學術研究的路向而言,學者和研究人員或許可觀察關於體育賽事和西班牙品牌的社交媒體帖子裡顯示的模式和行為,從而找到合適的研究路徑。
研究的原創性
本研究有以下的貢獻:(一) 、從前的研究多只探討關於體育賽事的社交媒體所扮演的角色,而忽略了要比較不同社交媒體平台的需要;(二) 、過去的文獻通常聚焦於單一的賽事或運動上;以及 (三) 、雖然探討關於社交媒體在戰略上和在操作上所扮演的角色的研究為數不少,但甚少研究、就體育賽事大體使用社交媒體的程度,或使用特定的社交媒體平台的程度進行分析和探討。再者,幾乎沒有學者或研究人員在有關的研究上使用指標測量法;就此三點而言,本研究可說填補了有關的研究空白。
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Jesús Molina-Muñoz, Andrés Mora–Valencia, Javier Perote and Santiago Rodríguez-Raga
This paper aims to analyze the volatility transmission between an energy stock index and a financial stock index in emerging markets during recent high instability periods. The…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the volatility transmission between an energy stock index and a financial stock index in emerging markets during recent high instability periods. The study considers the impact of both the period under analysis and the data frequency on the direction and intensity of the contagion, as well as the effect of the potential spillovers on the risk measures. These questions still lack definitive answers and have become more relevant in a context of financially unsettling events such as COVID-19 crises.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employs an extension of the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model that allows for the time-varying dependence relationship between the variables. This dependence is analyzed at daily, weekly and monthly basis using data from the Bloomberg platform on energy and stock market indices for emerging markets between 2001 and 2021.
Findings
The results for a sample spanning from 2001 to mid-2021 show bidirectional volatility transmission on a daily basis, whereas only evidence of volatility transmission from the financial to the energy exists for weekly and monthly frequencies. However, considering different subsamples of daily data, the authors only find volatility transmission from financial (energy) index to the energy (financial) during the Great Recession (COVID-19) as a consequence of the different source of the shock and transmission channels.
Originality/value
This study reveals that volatility transmission between energy and stocks in emerging markets has changed and presents a unidirectional pattern from energy to financial markets during the COVID-19 period in contrast to calm and the sub-prime crisis intervals. These results differ from previous studies, focused on global markets, that show bidirectional spillovers during this period.
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Estela Marine-Roig, Natalia Daries, Eduard Cristobal-Fransi and Javier Sánchez-García
High-end gastronomic tourism is currently trending and significantly impacts a destination’s image. This research aims to demonstrate the importance of high-level local gastronomy…
Abstract
Purpose
High-end gastronomic tourism is currently trending and significantly impacts a destination’s image. This research aims to demonstrate the importance of high-level local gastronomy in forming the destination image from a semiotic perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this objective, the three phases of the upscale dining experience – pre-visit, in situ and post-visit – are examined from a descriptive (informative use), appraisive (valuative use) and prescriptive (incitive use) semiotic perspective. This conceptual model includes six constructs: restaurant image, consumer need for status, consumer expectations, consumer satisfaction, restaurant loyalty and destination loyalty. The study is based on a survey of high-end restaurant customers (N = 421).
Findings
The research findings highlight that the characteristics of upscale dining establishments influence customer expectations, while customer satisfaction plays a crucial role in fostering loyalty towards both the restaurant and the destination. Additionally, the study reveals that individuals' social status or reputation moderates their expectations and satisfaction levels.
Originality/value
Although studies relate gastronomic image to global destination image, this relationship from a semiotic perspective has not been demonstrated through surveys. This proposed three-phase model based on the Peircean semiotic triad and Morris semiotic trichotomies not only addresses a gap in the existing literature but also offers valuable insights for destination managers and restaurant owners.
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Laura Florez, Daniel Castro and Javier Irizarry
As more owners seek to develop sustainable buildings, the construction industry is adapting to new requirements in order to meet owners' concerns. Recently, a significant change…
Abstract
Purpose
As more owners seek to develop sustainable buildings, the construction industry is adapting to new requirements in order to meet owners' concerns. Recently, a significant change in the construction industry has been the increased interest in sustainable materials. Sustainable materials are the potential resource to mitigate the impact on the environment and bring significant economic, social, and environmental benefits. For an efficient materials selection process, the content of information should match decision makers' needs and requirements. Although the availability of various information sources on sustainable materials is increasing, researchers have not agreed upon a clear designation, often leading to imprecise definition of the term and its usage. This paper seeks to address these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This study attempts to understand sustainability by concentrating on how this term is reflected in construction materials' images and perceived by design and construction students and practitioners. A measurement instrument is developed based on a literature review and further tested with web‐based evaluation of brick to measure user‐based assessment of product sustainability.
Findings
Results of exploratory factor analysis are used to refine the instrument and indicate the main sustainability factors which may be used as guidelines for information developers to present suitable information in materials' databases.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to study how perceptions may affect decision making to increase the understanding of issues affecting knowledge in product sustainability and awareness of sustainable materials.
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Jhon James Mora Rodriguez and José Javier Núñez Velázquez
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of Markovian transitions related to the economic convergence among countries. Thus, the paper aims to develop an overview of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of Markovian transitions related to the economic convergence among countries. Thus, the paper aims to develop an overview of several classical approaches, including an analysis of fallacies exposed through the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The number of modes in the distribution of the RGDPL for 100 countries in the period from 1986 to 2000 is calculated. Next, the results obtained from the relevant transition matrices are discussed and the existence of twin peaks in the distribution of income is analyzed. Finally, the adequacy of both Markovian and (time) homogeneity hypotheses in connection with the stochastic process that underlies income distribution is studied.
Findings
The results across the period 1986‐2000 show the evolution of countries into convergence clubs, instead of the existence of economic convergence.
Originality/value
The paper discusses two important issues on the convergence hypothesis. First, the discretization process really matters. If quartiles or quintiles are used the ergodic distribution does not show twin peaks because the process shows an equiprobabilistic ergodic (stationary) distribution in the long term. Second, the twin peaks results need a Markov (time) homogeneous chain as a model for the underlying income process, and then Chapman‐Kolmogorov's equation must be satisfied. However, the paper finds empirical evidences of failure in such an argument.
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Anel Flores Novelo and Oscar Javier Montiel Méndez
Although scarce in the literature of entrepreneurship, the Aztec and Mayas (as well as the Incas), two of the most important civilizations in ancient Latin America, are considered…
Abstract
Although scarce in the literature of entrepreneurship, the Aztec and Mayas (as well as the Incas), two of the most important civilizations in ancient Latin America, are considered by us as entrepreneurs. This is our departing point for understanding where entrepreneurship was born and built in Latin America. Unfortunately, its indigenous communities still are far behind in terms of labor, quality of life, poverty, and economic opportunities. From the ethnic entrepreneurship theory and after a deep literature review, a model is proposed for our region, a starting point to analyze and understand its processes in our region, thus making an impact on the development of public policies that can ultimately alleviate and improve the condition of this communities, and by going back to its roots, give a clearer picture of the reasons behind the present and future condition of entrepreneurship in Latin America.
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Oscar Espinoza, Luis González, Luis Sandoval, Noel McGinn, Javier Loyola and Dante Castillo
The purpose of this paper is to improve future teacher training by assessment of university graduates’ satisfaction with their preparation in Basic Education teaching.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve future teacher training by assessment of university graduates’ satisfaction with their preparation in Basic Education teaching.
Design/methodology/approach
This descriptive study employed a self-administered survey questionnaire to a representative sample of 235 graduates between 2014 and 2016 from three universities in Chile. The questionnaire generated information about the graduates’ background (age, gender, parents’ education and prestige of secondary school attended); an evaluation of three dimensions of their degree program (instructional quality, infrastructure and employability), and experiences in the labor market (including salary). Analysis of variance was used to assess relationships between satisfaction, and other variables.
Findings
In general, graduates were satisfied with all aspects of their training. Satisfaction levels were higher from those assumed to have lower expectations. Contrary to this hypothesis, university prestige is not directly related to satisfaction. Instead, expectations and employability moderate the effect of prestige.
Research limitations/implications
The sample is not representative of the 59 universities in Chile nor of the many other degree programs offered in those universities.
Practical implications
Program directors concerned about improving the public reputation or prestige of their program will benefit from efforts to improve the quality of the program and its infrastructure, and relevance for entrance into the world of work.
Originality/value
This study provides information not previously available about graduate satisfaction in teaching degree programs in Chile.