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This paper aims to identify the ways that customers respond to customer-to-customer comparisons that may drive loyal customers to engage in undesirable behaviors. The research examines the role that jealousy and envy play in restoring equity through revenge-seeking intentions.

The study uses survey research methodology. The measurement model is validated using CFA, and hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling. The mediated relationships are calculated using the bootstrap method, and moderated mediation is calculated by creating estimands to test the effects.

Customers who feel either jealousy or envy may engage in revenge-seeking behaviors, such as vindictive complaining and negative electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Customers who perceive that a firm is unfairly favoring other customers develop feelings of jealousy and betrayal, and this tendency is strengthened when the customer has a high level of prior trust. Customers typically develop envy when their attention and perceptions of inequity center on another customer, rather than on the firm’s actions and anger drives this effect.

Customers can pursue revenge-seeking actions when unfair actions influence the formation of envy and jealousy through the development of perceived betrayal. Companies can focus on the comparisons that customers make to address revenge-seeking and better manage online relationships preemptively.

The paths that customers take to revenge through jealousy and envy are conceptualized in a communal relationship setting and further developed. Further distinctions of jealousy and envy are made, and the role of prior trust in enhancing revenge-seeking is found.

The authors provide an example of a group of online shoppers exploiting a pricing mistake and exploring the drivers of predatory shopping that may harm online retailers. This paper aims to examine the role of social vigilantism, proactivity and self-presentation in driving individual predatory shopping behaviors and delivers a broader understanding of how these behaviors develop in online communities.

The authors use a mixed-methods sequential research model. In Study 1, the authors explore predatory shopping by using a netnographic textual approach to analyze an online forum engaging in predatory shopping. In Study 2, the authors empirically analyze the uncovered conceptual findings using the PROCESS macro.

Customers who engage in predatory shopping online exhibit social vigilantism when communicating their views to others and proactively seeking out pricing mistakes and opportunities. Customers engaging in predatory shopping adapt their presentation online to increase their chances of success; this effect is strengthened by the online disinhibition effect.

Predatory shoppers can actively seek out pricing mistakes online, encourage participation and exploit mistakes by adapting their self-presentation. Therefore, online retailers should be proactive and consistent when communicating with customers and collaborating to deter predatory shopping. In addition, online retailers should focus on building advocates in communities to prevent harm from predatory shoppers online.

Online predatory shopping is explored qualitatively and quantitatively to understand the propensities that can drive predatory behavior and provide warning signs for online retailers. In addition, the effects of predatory shopping drivers are analyzed in the presence of the online disinhibition effect.

Supply chain security (SCS), as a component of an organization's overall supply chain risk management strategy, has become a critical factor for businesses and government agencies since September 11, 2001, yet little empirical research supports policy or practice for the field. Therefore, this paper develops and presents a categorization of SCS based on existing research. This categorization of supply chain literature can help academics and practitioners to better understand SCS and also helps to identify a research agenda. Setting a research agenda for SCS will help academic and practitioner research focus on critical issues surrounding SCS.

The researchers thoroughly reviewed the literature on SCS, including academic publications, white papers, and practitioner periodicals. The literature was then categorized according to the approach to SCS and the practical implications of this categorization are presented. In addition, this categorization was used to identify research gaps.

This analysis found that SCS needs more attention from the academic community. Like earlier assessments of this literature, this analysis found it to be mainly normative, with little research based on primary data. This paper categorizes the literature into four approaches to SCS: intraorganizational, interorganizational, a combination of intraorganizational and interorganizational, and ignore. This study develops a focused agenda for future, primary, empirical research on SCS.

The sources of data for this literature review are secondary. The review sets a research agenda and calls for future empirical testing.

Practitioners will benefit from the framework presented here by better understanding approaches to SCS. This comprehensive review discusses the characteristics of SCS in great depth. As other researchers follow the research agenda, practitioners will benefit from the empirical findings and theory building.

This paper summarizes the literature on SCS to date, a topic that has grown in importance, yet received little attention from academics. This is the first comprehensive literature review of SCS. It includes a categorization of four possible approaches to SCS. It also distinguishes SCS from supply chain risk, while also recognizing their relationship. It identifies key issues in SCS research and calls for future research.

The events of September 11, 2001 heightened the awareness of supply chain professionals to the threat of man‐made disasters on the security of supply chains. According to institutional theory, the environment in which an organization operates creates pressures (normative, coercive, and mimetic) to adopt “institutionalized” norms and practices in order to be perceived as “legitimate.” Using an institutional theory perspective, this paper identifies and explores the environmental drivers that motivate firms to engage in supply chain security (SCS) practices to thwart man‐made supply chain disasters.

Qualitative research in the form of 19 depth interviews with mid‐to‐high level supply chain management professionals is conducted.

The findings of the qualitative research indicate that four primary drivers of SCS exist: government, customers, competitors, and society. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

The qualitative findings call for future empirical testing.

Practitioners will benefit from the research presented here by better understanding what environmental factors are causing improved security measures in the supply chain.

This paper investigates drivers of SCS, an issue that is currently having an impact on supply chain operations worldwide. This is the first SCS study to investigate the reason behind why supply chains are implementing security strategies.

This paper aims to draw from intimacy theory in examining the mediating effects of interactive communication and social bonds on the trust–commitment relationship.

The study is conducted in the professional services context. Qualitative and quantitative data are gathered from respondents engaged in attorney–client and real estate–client relationships. Unstructured, in-depth interviews are first conducted for use in model development. Study hypotheses are examined and mediation tests are conducted utilizing the serial multiple mediator model proposed by Hayes (2013).

Study findings indicate that intimate relationships in the professional services context are characterized by interactive communication and social bonds, and that the variables act as full mediators of the trust–commitment relationship. Though trust has a positive and significant effect on commitment in isolation, this relationship becomes nonsignificant when simultaneously accounting for the effects of the two variables.

Study findings suggest a need for programs designed to assist professional service providers in the development of intimate customer relationships. The importance of interactive communications and social bonding should be emphasized in these programs.

The study is one of the few empirical papers to investigate the role of intimacy in service relationships and the first to illustrate its mediating effects on the trust–commitment relationship.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings and corporate bond credit spreads within the oil and gas (O&G) industry. Given the sector’s significant environmental impact and the current energy transition, it is crucial to understand how ESG disclosure affects financial performance, particularly in terms of debt market dynamics. This research aims to provide empirical evidence on whether ESG efforts by O&G companies influence their cost of borrowing.

This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from Refinitiv for the period 2018–2022. To address potential endogeneity issues, we utilize two-stage-least-squares regressions. The analysis focuses on corporate bond spreads as the dependent variable and ESG as the key independent variable.

Our findings indicate a negative association between ESG disclosure and corporate bond spreads. Specifically, companies with higher ESG ratings tend to experience lower credit spreads, suggesting that improved ESG practices may lead to reduced borrowing costs. Additionally, the results show that non-state-owned companies (SOC) benefit more from ESG in terms of financial performance compared to state-owned counterparts.

The study is limited by its reliance on secondary data from Refinitiv, which may not capture all nuances of ESG practices and financial performance. Additionally, the analysis is confined to the O&G industry, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings to other sectors. Future research could expand the scope to include other industries and incorporate primary data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the ESG–financial performance relationship.

The study’s findings suggest that O&G companies can potentially reduce their borrowing costs by improving their ESG ratings. This insight is valuable for corporate managers and investors, as it highlights the financial benefits of sustainable practices. Additionally, policymakers could use these findings to encourage better ESG disclosure and practices within the industry, ultimately promoting a more sustainable energy sector.

By demonstrating the financial advantages of ESG disclosure, this study underscores the broader social benefits of sustainable business practices. Improved ESG ratings not only contribute to environmental and social well-being but also enhance a company’s financial performance. This dual benefit can motivate more companies to adopt sustainable practices, leading to positive societal impacts such as reduced environmental damage and improved community relations.

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between ESG ratings and corporate bond credit spreads specifically within the O&G industry. By highlighting the differential impact of ESG disclosure on state-owned versus non-SOC, the research offers unique insights that can inform corporate strategies in the context of sustainability and financial performance.

Analizar la relación entre las calificaciones-ESG y los diferenciales de bonos corporativos en la industria del petróleo y gas (PyG). Dada la significativa huella ambiental del sector y la transición energética, es crucial comprender cómo la divulgación-ESG afecta el desempeño financiero en términos de dinámicas del mercado de deuda.

Se emplea un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando datos secundarios de Refinitiv para 2018–2022. Para abordar problemas de endogeneidad, utilizamos regresiones en dos-etapas. El análisis se centra en los diferenciales de los bonos corporativos (variable dependiente) y las calificaciones ESG (variable independiente).

Nuestros resultados indican una asociación negativa entre ESG y los diferenciales de de bonos corporativos en la industria PyG. Las empresas con mejores calificaciones ESG tienden a experimentar diferenciales de crédito más bajos, sugiriendo que las prácticas ESG pueden llevar a una reducción en los costos de endeudamiento. Además, los resultados muestran que las empresas no estatales se benefician más de la divulgación ESG en términos de desempeño financiero en comparación con sus contrapartes estatales.

Se proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre las calificaciones-ESG y los diferenciales de bonos corporativos. El uso de regresiones en dos etapas para abordar los problemas de endogeneidad añade robustez a los hallazgos. Al resaltar el impacto diferencial de la divulgación-ESG en las empresas estatales versus no estatales, la investigación ofrece perspectivas únicas que pueden informar estrategias corporativas de sostenibilidad y desempeño financiero.

This paper aims to investigate whether new entry via mobile licensing in Europe has had any longer-term consequences for competition.

A database is presented covering certain recent periods and the issue of licences for the provision of 2G, 3G and 4G mobile services.

It would appear that new entry has had very little overall effect on competition, although Hutchison Whampoa has, almost uniquely, forced a response from incumbents via a strategy of low prices, albeit without gaining significant market share at their expense.

Interpretation of databases cannot by its very nature be entirely free from ambiguity.

In practice, given that very few 4G (long-term evolution) licence regulations have reserved spectrum for new entrants, it may be presumed that most regulators in European countries have already observed that such new entry as is likely to be attracted will take the form of poorly funded companies from outside the mobile sector rather than incumbents from other countries.

Choice of incumbent network is being reduced, although mobile virtual network operators remain active. The implications for prices and service quality are for now a matter of debate.

The databases underpinning this analysis are not available from other sources in the private or public domain in the form presented in this paper.