James L. Webster, William E. Reif and Jeffrey S. Bracker
As more line managers are given primary responsibility for planning there is an urgent need to acquaint them with the spectrum of potent tools and techniques for developing and…
Abstract
As more line managers are given primary responsibility for planning there is an urgent need to acquaint them with the spectrum of potent tools and techniques for developing and focusing strategy. This guide evaluates 30 established planning tools in terms of potential benefits and logistical requirements.
The multiplicity of the late-night television offer is a recent phenomenon. In the late 1940s, TV was still in its experimental stage and programming was limited to certain hours…
Abstract
The multiplicity of the late-night television offer is a recent phenomenon. In the late 1940s, TV was still in its experimental stage and programming was limited to certain hours of the day. How then did late-night evolve from one dominant program to the cornucopia that exists today? To what extent did the progressive fragmentation of the media environment contribute to this exponential growth in late-night programs? To answer these questions, this chapter will look closely at three phases of late-night history: the ascendance of The Tonight Show during the Johnny Carson era, Johnny's succession when two princes vied for his late-night throne, and then finally the latest developments where a new generation of late-night royalty, which I refer to as The House of Stewart, would emerge with a plethora of shows. Simultaneously, this chapter will also delve into the media context during each phase which became increasingly fragmented leading to an explosion of new ways of experiencing television.
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A pæan of joy and triumph which speaks for itself, and which is a very true indication of how the question of poisonous adulteration is viewed by certain sections of “the trade,”…
Abstract
A pæan of joy and triumph which speaks for itself, and which is a very true indication of how the question of poisonous adulteration is viewed by certain sections of “the trade,” and by certain of the smaller and irresponsible trade organs, has appeared in print. It would seem that the thanks of “the trade” are due to the defendants in the case heard at the Liverpool Police Court for having obtained an official acknowledgment that the use of salicylic acid and of other preservatives, even in large amounts, in wines and suchlike articles, is not only allowable, but is really necessary for the proper keeping of the product. It must have been a charming change in the general proceedings at the Liverpool Court to listen to a “preservatives” case conducted before a magistrate who evidently realises that manufacturers, in these days, in order to make a “decent” profit, have to use the cheapest materials they can buy, and cannot afford to pick and choose; and that they have therefore “been compelled” to put preservatives into their articles so as to prevent their going bad. He was evidently not to be misled by the usual statement that such substances should not be used because they are injurious to health— as though that could be thought to have anything to do with the much more important fact that the public “really want” to have an article supplied to them which is cheap, and yet keeps well. Besides, many doctors and professors were brought forward to prove that they had never known a case of fatal poisoning due to the use of salicylic acid as a preservative. Unfortunately, it is only the big firms that can manage to bring forward such admirable and learned witnesses, and the smaller firms have to suffer persecution by faddists and others who attempt to obtain the public notice by pretending to be solicitous about the public health. Altogether the prosecution did not have a pleasant time, for the magistrate showed his appreciation of the evidence of one of the witnesses by humorously rallying him about his experiments with kittens, as though any‐one could presume to judge from experiments on brute beasts what would be the effect on human beings—the “lords of creation.” Everyone reading the evidence will be struck by the fact that the defendant stated that he had once tried to brew without preservatives, but with the only result that the entire lot “went bad.” All manufacturers of his own type will sympathise with him, since, of course, there is no practicable way of getting over this trouble except by the use of preservatives; although the above‐mentioned faddists are so unkind as to state that if everything is clean the article will keep. But this must surely be sheer theory, for it cannot be supposed that there can be any manufacturer of this class of article who would be foolish enough to think he could run his business at a profit, and yet go to all the expense of having the returned empties washed out before refilling, and of paying the heavy price asked for the best crude materials, when he has to compete with rival firms, who can use practically anything, and yet turn out an article equal in every way from a selling point of view, and one that will keep sufficiently, by the simple (and cheap) expedient of throwing theory on one side, and by pinning their faith to a preservative which has now received the approval of a magistrate. Manufacturers who use preservatives, whether they are makers of wines or are dairymen, and all similar tradesmen, should join together to protect their interests, for, as they must all admit, “the welfare of the trade” is the chief thing they have to consider, and any other interest must come second, if it is to come in at all. Now is the time for action, for the Commission appointed to inquire into the use of preservatives in foods has not yet given its decision, and there is still time for a properly‐conducted campaign, backed up by those “influential members of the trade” of whom we hear so much, and aided by such far‐reaching and brilliant magisterial decisions, to force these opinions prominently forward, in spite of the prejudice of the public; and to insure to the trades interested the unfettered use of preservatives,—which save “the trade” hundreds of thousands of pounds every year, by enabling the manufacturers to dispense with heavily‐priced apparatus, with extra workmen and with the use of expensive materials,—and which are urgently asked for by the public,—since we all prefer to have our foods drugged than to have them pure.
Although workers' organisations operated in the early nineteenth century and “…. workers in every trade were becoming very much alive to the necessity for defending their…
Abstract
Although workers' organisations operated in the early nineteenth century and “…. workers in every trade were becoming very much alive to the necessity for defending their standards”, nevertheless “The first twenty years of the nineteenth century, witnessed a legal persecution of trade unionists as rebels and revolutionists”. The beginnings of modern trade unionism may be traced to about 1850 where a number of craft unions, as for example, miners' and engineering unions, were successful in establishing themselves, and slowly building up their financial resources and thus acquiring sufficient strength to enable them to bargain on almost equal terms with the employer.
Alison H. Parker, Jen A. Smith, Tania Verdemato, Jeanette Cooke, James Webster and Richard C. Carter
Effective menstrual management is essential for the mental and physical well being of women. However, many women in low-income countries lack access to the materials and…
Abstract
Purpose
Effective menstrual management is essential for the mental and physical well being of women. However, many women in low-income countries lack access to the materials and facilities required. They are thus restricted in their activities whilst menstruating thus compromising their education, income and domestic responsibilities. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This study describes the menstrual management challenges faced by women in an emergency situation in Uganda. Totally, 50 interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with women from villages, internally displaced person (IDP) camps and schools so that the menstrual management of the host population could be compared with the IDPs.
Findings
This study showed that in IDP camps there was a significant lack of materials including soap, underpants and absorbing cloth, and facilities like latrines and bathing shelters. As a consequence women in IDP camps suffer with poor health and diminished dignity. There is also a lack of education about menstruation and reproductive health and practices are strongly influenced by cultural taboos.
Originality/value
This is the first time that the menstrual management of women in IDP or refugee camps has been studied.
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WHEN WE ARE TALKING TO AMERICANS it is the differences in usage, pronunciation and vocabulary, rather than the similarities, which first strike us. But today nobody imagines that…
Abstract
WHEN WE ARE TALKING TO AMERICANS it is the differences in usage, pronunciation and vocabulary, rather than the similarities, which first strike us. But today nobody imagines that these differences could eventually result in two demonstrably dissimilar languages, as distinct (say) as Dutch and Afrikaans.
National Engineers' Week takes place annually during the week of George Washington's birthday. Washington, best known as a soldier and stateman, was also a surveyor and road…
Abstract
National Engineers' Week takes place annually during the week of George Washington's birthday. Washington, best known as a soldier and stateman, was also a surveyor and road builder. The National Society of Professional Engineers began this tradition in 1950 with a two‐page article in The American Engineer. The society promoted Engineers Week on a national level beginning in 1951. February and March issues of The American Engineer in 1951 discussed the early celebrations of this week. The society's history (Robbins) also gives insights about the creation of this special week. Although the National Society of Professional Engineers initiated this week, other engineering organizations became involved later. At the present time, many organizations participate in the celebration. Each year, the National Society of Professional Engineers plans a particular theme for the week.
Suresh Subramoniam and K.V. Krishnankutty
The expert system for the selection of strategic planning technique was developed with a view of assisting an executive in selecting a strategic planning tool based on constraints…
Abstract
The expert system for the selection of strategic planning technique was developed with a view of assisting an executive in selecting a strategic planning tool based on constraints such as: time, skill, finance, computer, expert advice, form and content of input, and form and content of output required to be generated. The expert system runs on IBM PC/AT or compatible, which is the minimum system requirement, and contains approximately 115 rules in the rule base. The expert system was developed in Turbo PrologTM. The premises which help in concluding a particular strategic planning tool are stored in separate file called ‘STRATEGY.DAT’ and can be consulted at the end of the session by the user. This file saves current session's premises which concluded the particular strategic planning tool. The system, after recommending a tool, outputs a list of planning phases where the implementation of such a strategic planning tool will succeed. It runs on a backward chaining inference mechanism which is a feature of Turbo PrologTM.
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Information technology and information systems already rate acronyms that are quite portentous— IT and IS. Both are creating remarkable opportunities for some companies, and…
Abstract
Information technology and information systems already rate acronyms that are quite portentous— IT and IS. Both are creating remarkable opportunities for some companies, and awesome risks for others. Strategic planners are struggling to anticipate how these new technologies can be linked to their firm's business activities in innovative ways that create sustainable competitive advantage.