Jomills Henry Braddock, Robert L. Crain, James M. McPartland and Russell L. Dawkins
Net of controls for educational credentials, recommendations, age, high school quality, employment sector, firm size and region, white personnel officers tend to assign black male…
Abstract
Net of controls for educational credentials, recommendations, age, high school quality, employment sector, firm size and region, white personnel officers tend to assign black male high school graduates to lower paying positions than those assigned to white male high school graduates in the USA. Similar patterns are observed for while female college graduates. The effect of job candidates' race on employers' job placement decisions is examined, using data gathered by the randomised vignette technique. These patterns of apparent bias in job placement are found to be offset to some degree in firms with affirmative action policies. The findings are discussed in the context of Thurow's (1975) theory of statistical discrimination. Further research is needed to investigate potential discrimination in job selection and to examine characteristics of firms and personnel officers with the greatest propensity to discriminate.
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Means, medians and SD for available socio‐economic status (SES) black‐white differences are here substituted for those of IQ in a between‐groups model published by the author over…
Abstract
Means, medians and SD for available socio‐economic status (SES) black‐white differences are here substituted for those of IQ in a between‐groups model published by the author over a decade ago. The goodness of fit of the SES variables used is compared with that for the earlier IQ data. Even when SES variables are relatively successful this can be viewed as additional evidence of the importance of IQ differences to black‐white differences in delinquency.
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This book chapter uncovers the black box of PreK-12 African American male students’ experiences and outcomes as a result of their participation in career and technical education…
Abstract
This book chapter uncovers the black box of PreK-12 African American male students’ experiences and outcomes as a result of their participation in career and technical education. Theoretical and scientific literature – related to benefits and challenges of African American male students’ educational experiences in career and technical education and school reform initiatives that may contribute to their educational outcomes – is discussed. Additionally, recommendations for educational research, practice, and policy are summarized providing future directions for educational and noneducational stakeholders to consider on how career and technical education may serve the unique needs of African American males.
Mike Vuolo, Christopher Uggen and Sarah Lageson
This paper tests whether employers responded particularly negatively to African American job applicants during the deep U.S. recession that began in 2007. Theories of labor…
Abstract
This paper tests whether employers responded particularly negatively to African American job applicants during the deep U.S. recession that began in 2007. Theories of labor queuing and social closure posit that members of privileged groups will act to minimize labor market competition in times of economic turbulence, which could advantage Whites relative to African Americans. Although social closure should be weakest in the less desirable, low-wage job market, it may extend downward during recessions, pushing minority groups further down the labor queue and exacerbating racial inequalities in hiring. We consider two complementary data sources: (1) a field experiment with a randomized block design and (2) the nationally representative NLSY97 sample. Contrary to expectations, both analyses reveal a comparable recession-based decline in job prospects for White and African American male applicants, implying that hiring managers did not adapt new forms of social closure and demonstrating the durability of inequality even in times of structural change. Despite this proportionate drop, however, the recession left African Americans in an extremely disadvantaged position. Whites during the recession obtained favorable responses from employers at rates similar to African Americans prior to the recession. The combination of experimental methods and nationally representative longitudinal data yields strong evidence on how race and recession affect job prospects in the low-wage labor market.
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Sonia Akrimi, Sophie Raynor, Richard Johnson and Ann Wylie
Many barriers to health and emotional well‐being for children are prevalent within inner‐city communities, and often result in negative consequences for education. Health…
Abstract
Many barriers to health and emotional well‐being for children are prevalent within inner‐city communities, and often result in negative consequences for education. Health promotion strategies have previously cited mentoring schemes as interventions through which targeted pastoral support can be effectively provided to children. This paper draws on detailed focus group interviews in order to evaluate SHINE ‐ Make Every Child Count, a student‐led charity operating five mentoring programmes across the London boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth. Following content analysis, this paper identifies six themes associated with mentor support: rapport; emotional well‐being and development; social behaviour; enabling; emerging ambition; and attitudinal development. Results show participant children have gained considerable enjoyment from mentor support. Successful friendships are built and emotional well‐being supported, with children actively including mentors as part of their support network. Children recognise the impact of a mentor on relationships with peers, behaviour within the classroom and social responsibility, in addition to direct educational support. Children also show an increased interest in learning, and evidence of considering ‐ often for the first time ‐ their own future aspirations. Findings demonstrate the impact of the mentoring programmes, as perceived by participant children. Evaluation can be used to inform future development of the programmes, as well as expansion to further schools, with the organisation working towards achieving long‐term sustainability.
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Mia Gray, Tomoko Kurihara, Leif Hommen and Jonathan Feldman
This paper aims to highlight the need to understand the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion in the workplace which are often embedded in micro‐level work practices. It explores…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the need to understand the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion in the workplace which are often embedded in micro‐level work practices. It explores how social networks and the resources contained within them function differentially among workers to reinforce existing patterns of preferential access to the most desirable positions in the labour market.
Design/methodology/approach
Using in‐depth interviews of electrical engineers in a case study firm in the IT industry in Cambridge, England, the paper outlines the strong gendered and ethnic patterns of segmentation within the engineering occupation.
Findings
The paper finds significant inequalities in access to, and awareness of, the resources contained within some social networks in the workplace.
Originality/value
The study critiques the extension of social capital theory into the workplace due to its conceptual and methodological focus on positive outcomes.
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Edward C. Fletcher, Erik M. Hines, Donna Y. Ford and James L. Moore
The purpose of this study was to examine the learning experiences of high school Black males participating in an academy of engineering that was configured as a magnet school. We…
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the learning experiences of high school Black males participating in an academy of engineering that was configured as a magnet school. We followed a qualitative case study design to explore the experiences of 16 Black male academies of engineering students. We identified three recurring themes from the interviews with the Black male academy of engineering students: Promoting Interests in STEM, Drawing Connections to Core Academic Concepts, and An Affinity for Hands-on Learning through the Engineering Curriculum. The results of our study helped us to better understand how academies provide a platform for Black male students' interest in engineering as a viable college and career pathway.
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Huan Xu, Yanping Gong, Qin Zhang and Julan Xie
The purpose of this paper is to gain more insight into the relationship between social media activities and thinking styles, and its potential mechanism.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gain more insight into the relationship between social media activities and thinking styles, and its potential mechanism.
Design/methodology/approach
The current study conducted four studies using an experimental method and eye-tracking method to evaluate prediction.
Findings
Results from studies 1 and 2 showed that social media activities influence individuals’ self-construal, and the impact of self-construal on the relative reliance on cognitive vs affective thinking styles. Study 3 supports the hypothesis that social media activities influence individual’s thinking styles, and self-construal is a critical mediator in this process. Furthermore, the authors replicated these findings using an experimental method and eye-tracking method (Study 4), which enabled us to better understand the consumer’s psychological experience when using social media.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the social media activity literature in the following ways. First, this research advances the knowledge of social media by demonstrating that social media activities can have significant effects on thinking styles. Second, the current research brings important insights to the literature on self-construal. Finally, using eye-tracking methods, the authors also provided some new insights on consumer thinking and behavior.