Jackson Galloway and James Catano
The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the terms of a settled Securities and Exchange Commission administrative proceeding that illustrates the views of the SEC…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the terms of a settled Securities and Exchange Commission administrative proceeding that illustrates the views of the SEC examination and enforcement staff regarding appropriate practices for investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”) to follow when engaging in block trades for client accounts.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper summarizes the SEC's findings regarding the adviser's block trade allocation practices, resulting violations, and the adviser's remedial efforts, and provides the sanctions agreed to.
Findings
The SEC's findings related primarily to the adviser's practices regarding the allocation of block trades when participating client accounts had insufficient funds to purchase their allocation.
Practical implications
This settlement provides an important reminder for registered investment advisers of the focus by SEC examination and enforcement staff on trade allocation practices and related record keeping and compliance program documentation.
Originality/value
The paper provides a practical explanation by experienced financial services lawyers.
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Paul E. Levy, Steven T. Tseng, Christopher C. Rosen and Sarah B. Lueke
In recent years, practitioners have identified a number of problems with traditional performance management (PM) systems, arguing that PM is broken and needs to be fixed. In this…
Abstract
In recent years, practitioners have identified a number of problems with traditional performance management (PM) systems, arguing that PM is broken and needs to be fixed. In this chapter, we review criticisms of traditional PM practices that have been mentioned by journalists and practitioners and we consider the solutions that they have presented for addressing these concerns. We then consider these problems and solutions within the context of extant scholarly research and identify (a) what organizations should do going forward to improve PM practices (i.e., focus on feedback processes, ensure accountability throughout the PM system, and align the PM system with organizational strategy) and (b) what scholars should focus research attention on (i.e., technology, strategic alignment, and peer-to-peer accountability) in order to reduce the science-practice gap in this domain.
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As a result of a plethora of scholarly articles by feminist scholars of entrepreneurship, it is now widely accepted that the notion of entrepreneurship is ideologically skewed…
Abstract
Purpose
As a result of a plethora of scholarly articles by feminist scholars of entrepreneurship, it is now widely accepted that the notion of entrepreneurship is ideologically skewed towards masculine ideology. Although this body of work has been quietly acknowledged, it has not invoked a reply, or refutation, from male entrepreneurship scholars. Nor has it led to an increase in studies about the influence of masculinity on entrepreneurial behaviour or identity. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to begin to address this by analysing an alternative social construction of entrepreneurship relating to how masculinity influences entrepreneurial identity in print. The data used are text from the thinly veiled biographical novel Cityboy written in an aggressive and unashamedly masculine style. Whilst the focus is not upon entrepreneurs per se, it is upon the male‐oriented entrepreneurial institution that is the “city.”
Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach used in this paper is that of biographical analysis; supported by a supplementary analysis of similar biographies of traders; this is triangulated by photographs downloaded from the internet. This approach allows rich data to be collected from practical sources permitting a comparative approach to be adopted. The approach has obvious limitations but is a practical method.
Findings
The results from this empirical study are tentative but illustrate that the socially constructed nature of the “city trader” as an entrepreneurial identity is portrayed as being a manly pursuit; and how such discrimination is inherent within an institutionalised systemic behaviour in which men are encouraged to be risk‐takers and players. This institutionalised “boyish” behaviour is used to build up a masculine identity rooted in Thatcherite enterprise culture. Although no clear conclusion can be articulated because of the subjective nature of the interpretation, links with accepted entrepreneurship theory are drawn. It is thus an exploratory study into the pervasiveness of masculine doxa in constructing entrepreneurial identity. The paper makes an incremental contribution by acknowledging the power of male dominance in shaping entrepreneurial realities albeit the conclusions are mainly drawn from one book.
Research limitations/implications
This paper opens up the field for further studies of skewed masculine entrepreneurial identities under the rubric of the “bad boy entrepreneur.”
Originality/value
In critically discussing and acknowledging the male genderedness of entrepreneurial identity in a particular system, this paper makes a contribution to the understanding of the socially constructed nature of how to tell, understand and appreciate stories which present an entrepreneurial identity. Granted the hero of the story is fictional but the overlaps with the accepted storylines of entrepreneur stories are illuminating. The paper provides another heuristic device for understanding the social construction of gendered entrepreneurial identities, making it of interest to feminist scholars of entrepreneurship and to social constructionists alike.
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Barrie O. Pettman and Richard Dobbins
This issue is a selected bibliography covering the subject of leadership.
Abstract
This issue is a selected bibliography covering the subject of leadership.
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Ying Hong, Victor M. Catano and Hui Liao
As the employment marketplace changes, the meaning of leadership evolves. The question of whether emotional intelligence (EI) is required for leaders has attracted broad interest…
Abstract
Purpose
As the employment marketplace changes, the meaning of leadership evolves. The question of whether emotional intelligence (EI) is required for leaders has attracted broad interest. This paper seeks to examine the role of EI and motivation to lead (MTL) in predicting leadership.
Design/methodology/approach
In study 1, students (n=309) first completed surveys and then, one week later (n=264), they engaged in leaderless group discussions where their levels of leader emergence were rated. In study 2, the participants were 115 students who undertook 14‐week class projects. They completed surveys including evaluations of members' leader emergence after they finished the projects.
Findings
The results suggest that participants who were high in affective‐identity MTL became leaders in leaderless discussions, while high social‐normative MTL individuals assumed leadership roles in long‐term project teams. Both studies found that use of emotions, which is a component of EI, was positively related to affective‐identity and social‐normative MTL and indirectly related to leader emergence.
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to examine the relationship between EI and MTL, as well as between MTL and leadership emergence.
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Alvaro Lopez-Cabrales, Mar Bornay-Barrachina and Mirta Diaz-Fernandez
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the antecedents of the development of dynamic capabilities from an HRM perspective, considering the leading role of leadership styles and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the antecedents of the development of dynamic capabilities from an HRM perspective, considering the leading role of leadership styles and their potential impact on the orientation of HR systems and a firm’s capabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors designed an empirical study of a sample of 107 Spanish industrial firms, asking HR, production and marketing managers to assess the CEO’s leadership styles, the system of HRM practices applied in their organizations and dynamic capabilities. They applied multiple regressions and mediation analysis.
Findings
The authors’ results suggest that both transactional and transformational leadership styles are positively associated with dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing and reconfiguration), directly and indirectly, through their effects on HR systems.
Research limitations/implications
This paper approaches dynamic capabilities by using cross-sectional data. A longitudinal analysis would enrich this study. Also, the data aggregation in this paper does not allow to check different HR orientations from different departments. Finally, other HRM practices and strategic orientations could be assessed.
Practical implications
This paper highlights the need to develop CEOs who are able to combine leadership behaviors in such a way that they promote HR systems (skill-based development vs job-based development) and to use them as mediating mechanisms and in order to generate greater dynamic capabilities in the organization.
Originality/value
The authors are proposing that HRM can be applied to leverage a firm’s competitive advantage, as HR systems mediate for obtaining different dynamic capabilities. Second, it could be concluded that any CEO should combine or display traits of both forms of leadership styles (transformational and transactional) in order to develop the full range of dynamic capabilities. Finally, this paper can provide some insights into the way dynamic capabilities can be measured and approached, through HRM microfoundations.