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By introducing how a young entrepreneurial firm leverages bundling as a market entry strategy, this study aims to suggest a way that a relatively vulnerable startup can secure its position from a threat of resource-rich established competitors.

The authors conducted a qualitative investigation into Nikola Motors, a Class 8 heavy-duty truck manufacturer based in Phoenix, Arizona. The analysis revealed the underlying mechanisms that allow a startup to effectively enter a market through bundling in the truck manufacturing industry.

Nikola Motors Co. uses a bundled business model in commercializing hydrogen-power technology used for heavy-duty truck manufacturing. Instead of focusing on a single product, Nikola’s business model created an ecosystem surrounding hydrogen fuel-cell electric heavy trucks, including hydrogen fueling stations, maintenance service and leasing. By leveraging partnership with players in other areas, it overcomes the resource limitation as a relatively small firm.

Startups seeking to disrupt markets with novel technologies risk losing their competitive advantage to imitation by more resource-rich established firms. This study examines a novel approach to a bundled business model that can be effective for relatively resource-poor new companies. It suggests practical implications on how firms which are relatively in a weak position compete with established incumbents.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in management research is still nascent and has primarily focused on content analyses of text data. Some method scholars have begun to discuss the potential benefits of far broader applications; however, these discussions have not led yet to a wave of corresponding AI applications by management researchers. This chapter explores the feasibility and the potential value of using AI for a very specific methodological task: the reliable and efficient capturing of higher-level psychological constructs in management research. It introduces the capturing of basic emotions and emotional authenticity of entrepreneurs based on their macro- and microfacial expressions during pitch presentations as an illustrative example of related AI opportunities and challenges. Thus, this chapter provides both motivation and guidance to management scholars for future applications of AI to advance management research.

The growing demand for sustainable consumption motivates retailers to consider including organic private label products in private label assortments to attract and serve health and environmentally conscious consumers, while also possibly improving the image of the private label brand as well. This study aims to examine the impact of prioritizing organic private label products in private label assortments on private label share outcomes.

Theoretical predictions are empirically examined using a comprehensive store panel sales data set covering 50 distinct metropolitan markets in the USA from 2008 to 2011 in the yogurt product category.

Findings indicate that private label products may provide strategic value for certain retailers, based on a variety of private label assortment, national brand competition and retailer characteristic dimensions.

This research serves as initial empirical evidence on how organic products may influence private label category share. Future research should consider additional product categories and geographic markets and also seek to understand consumer perceptual factors in more detail.

Retail managers can better understand the role that organic products play in private label portfolios.

While much previous work has examined how organic products sell relative to conventional products and a sizable literature has investigated private label brand strategy, little research has explicitly examined the role of organic products within private label assortments.

This study aims to investigate the two-way interaction effects of empowerment and hardiness on the presenteeism of hotel employees.

Data were collected from 358 hotel employees in Sabah, East Malaysia, via a questionnaire survey and analyzed using multiplicative regression analysis.

The results confirm the presence of a two-way interaction effect between empowerment and hardiness on the presenteeism of hotel employees at a significance level of 0.01. Further analysis indicates that the higher the level of hardiness, the greater is its negative effect on the relationship between empowerment and the presenteeism of hotel employees.

The survey was cross-sectional and causal relationships among the variables cannot be inferred. The results were gathered from selected hotels and should not be generalized to all hotel employees in Sabah, East Malaysia.

The findings challenge the assumption of a positive association between empowerment and presenteeism and demonstrate that different levels of hardiness can influence this relationship. When empowering employees, management staff should also consider the provision of resilience-related training programs for less hardy employees. This would enable such employees to handle their presenteeism behavior arising from the increased level of empowerment.

This study provides the first empirical evidence of a two-way interaction effect of predictors on the presenteeism of hotel employees and could serve to influence mainstream journals in the presenteeism literature. Researchers could apply the analytical approach to examine future studies relating to higher-order effects of predictors on the presenteeism of hotel employees.