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Pupil control ideology, which is expressed in terms of a custodial‐humanistic continuum, refers to educators' views concerning the rights and status of the school's pupil clients. Pluralistic ignorance is defined as the shared misperception of an attitude, norm or belief held by members of a group. 480 respondents were asked to complete four identical forms of the PCI instrument—first, as they personally reacted to the 20 Likert items and then as they estimated the responses of the typical teacher, principal and counselor respectively. Findings revealed inter alia that teachers and principals attribute to each other a much greater custodial pupil control ideology than is reported by members of the respective groups.

This research empirically tests the relationship between a company’s social responsibility (CSR) performance as measured by the company’s reputation index, on the one hand, and the degree of downsizing of employees and a company’s discriminatory practices, on the other. The sample consists 178 large publicly‐held US‐based corporations which announced their intentions to downsize during the 1990‐1992 period. The statistical analysis does support the hypothesis that as companies eliminate jobs and layoff workers, they are perceived as being less reputable, hence, less socially responsible. The analysis, further, supported previous research which revealed a positive association between a company’s social performance (CSP), as measured by a company’s reputation index, and its financial performance as measured by its return on equity (ROE). The analysis, however, did not support the hypothesis of a negative relationship between CSP and a company’s discriminatory practices. Further, our statistical analysis failed to support the results of previous research which revealed a positive relationship between a company’s size and its CSP. This unexpected result may have been biased by the choice of companies in our sample.

This study investigates the motivations for and compensation structure changes behind $1 CEO salary decisions.

Using a hand-collected sample, we relied on an event study framework and regression analysis to decipher the informational content of $1 CEO salary announcements.

The results show that the market reacts positively to $1 CEO salary announcements that indicate aligning the interests of CEOs and shareholders.

A lot of academic and professional attention has been given to the components of executive compensation packages as tools for incentivizing managers. Our findings will help executive board members tasked with determining CEO compensation packages.

This study adds to the literature on CEO compensation by deciphering the market reaction to $1 salary decision announcements. Our study contributes to the literature on executive compensation by providing evidence consistent with efficient contracting.

Successful organizations manage to change their strategy constantly in line with the changes in their competitive environment by using a dynamic approach to strategy formulation and implementation. Demonstrates the way in which such an approach can be developed, using the experiences of Hewlett‐Packard.

Want to keep up with personal computing periodicals? It's not easy. One look at the magazine racks in any good bookstore will show you that there are too many PC magazines out there for any sane person to follow in their entirety. That's particularly true if you're a librarian or otherwise have a life.

This paper defines and explores the concept of intelligent spirituality. It is a deeply-grounded, emotionally-inspiring, spirituality that is human-centered, pragmatic, and intelligent. While the name is new, the idea itself has a well-respected pedigree. The American pragmatist philosopher, educator, and activist, John Dewey, more than anyone else, defined the parameters of intelligent spirituality, demonstrated its usefulness in the modern world, and, perhaps most importantly, exemplified it as a living option in his daily activities.

For those interested in the contemporary “spirituality movement” – advocates, critics, or spectators – and especially how it affects today’s business organizations, the idea of intelligent spirituality, as discussed here, provides a useful set of precise criteria to evaluate some of the many changes which are occurring in corporate America and are defended under the banner of spirituality in business. Can one distinguish, for example, between legitimate and illegitimate spirituality? Are some forms of spirituality more useful than others? To what extent can spirituality play a positive role in contemporary business? Is spirituality necessarily related to coerciveness and intolerance in business? This paper explores the assumptions of intelligent spirituality and attempts to answer these questions.

“Interactive multimedia” was Last Year's Big Thing—so say the financial wizards, and they may be right. That particular flavor of convergence theory made no more sense than any of the others, and this year's hype is for The Almighty Web. Meanwhile, as with the World Wide Web, multimedia does have growing uses for many library and personal computer uses—and the author, ever at the rear of the pack, has dealt with some low‐level multimedia problems and promises. You won't learn a thing about production here, but there are some useful notes on what seems to work and where it might be going. Finally, the usual notes cover the PC and Macintosh literature received during April through June 1995.

A strategy focused on quality is the best way companies can respond to competition. And surprisingly, an emphasis on quality is one of the most effective ways to control costs.

This article aims to explore the impact of the Great War on the Sheffield armaments industry through the use of four company case studies in Thomas Firth, John Brown, Cammell Laird and Hadfields. It charts the evolving situation the armaments companies found themselves in after the end of the conflict and the uncertain external environment they had to engage with. The article also examines the stagnant nature of armaments companies’ boards of directors in the 1920s and the ultimate rationalisation of the industry at the close of the decade.

The research design is based around a close examination of the surviving manuscript records of each of the companies included, the records of the speeches recorded by chairpersons at annual meetings and some governmental records.

The article concludes by outlining how the end of the Great War continued to affect the industry for the following decade and the complex evolving situation with a changing external environment and continuity of management internally ultimately leading to mergers in the industry.

This article uses a number of underused manuscript records to examine the Sheffield armaments industry and explores the effect of a global mega event in the Great War on one of the most technologically advanced industries of the period.

Somehow, without loading up on games or owning a sound card, the author has 28 CD‐ROMs at home, with more on the way. How did all these discs get there and what do they say (if anything) about the CD‐ROM marketplace? When are CD‐ROMs marvelous new publishing media, when are they essentially compact diskette replacements, and when are they wastes of good polycarbonate? The author goes through his motley collection, noting some highlights and some messy situations. After all this grumbling, the author adds notes on the personal computing literature for April through September 1994.