JOHN MADDOCK and BERNARD HYAMS
In recent years a noticeable policy trend in South Australia has been towards according to state high schools a greater measure of autonomy in the conduct of their affairs, a…
Abstract
In recent years a noticeable policy trend in South Australia has been towards according to state high schools a greater measure of autonomy in the conduct of their affairs, a phenomenon which has prompted a study of the power structure of high schools in that State. Much of the research into this subject focussed on the question of professional leadership within individual institutions. While many investigations in the past have concentrated on the role of the principal as a professional leader, this examination sought in addition to include, for the purposes of comparison, teachers' perceptions of the professional leadership roles of deputy principals and senior subject teachers. The results indicated that while the influence of the principal in professional matters tended to be greater than that of the deputies, it was less than that of the subject seniors.
This paper is based on interviews with four chief executives of district/borough authorities in a two‐tier local government area. The interviews constitute a snapshot of opinion…
Abstract
This paper is based on interviews with four chief executives of district/borough authorities in a two‐tier local government area. The interviews constitute a snapshot of opinion from a group of people ideally placed to relate to the issue under discussion, namely the importance of strategy and strategic partnering for smaller local authorities. The paper considers the extent to which the views of this group develop or interlink with the thinking around strategy, in the literature on strategy in the private sector, and with views of public sector strategic management, particularly in the work and in the critique of the operation of the modernising agenda in the NHS. It concludes that, far from strategy being an irrelevancy to small authorities, it may be that they are ideally placed to provide insights into some of the tensions evident in the strategy debate at all levels.
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Some twenty years ago, however, the realisation came that the economy of the animal body calls for the activities of substances with functions apparently akin, in many respects at…
Abstract
Some twenty years ago, however, the realisation came that the economy of the animal body calls for the activities of substances with functions apparently akin, in many respects at least, to those of the hormones, which the body itself is nevertheless unable to produce, and therefore must receive them in its food. The indispensable functions of these, like those of the hormones, are adequately fulfilled by extraordinarily small amounts of each one. These food constituents yield therefore no appreciable supply of energy, nor do they serve in any ordinary sense as structural materials. Their presence like that of the hormones is necessary rather for the normal progress of active events. They have dynamic functions. I am alluding, of course, to the vitamins.
Sarah Neal‐Smith and Tom Cockburn
The purpose of this paper is to examine cultural sexism in the UK aviation industry through the experiences women commercial pilots have encountered with their male colleagues and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine cultural sexism in the UK aviation industry through the experiences women commercial pilots have encountered with their male colleagues and management.
Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were carried out with 20 women commercial airline pilots: 17 women were currently airline pilots, or were previously airline pilots and resigned and three women were flying instructors. There were nine different UK airlines for which the women airline pilots worked.
Findings
Women pilots face cultural sexism where their male colleagues expect them to be different based on their assumptions about women in general but expect their female colleagues to adapt to the current social and cultural system in the UK industry.
Research limitations/implications
Further research is needed to explore ways to combat cultural sexism. Limitations include a focus on UK airlines only, plus the methodology relied upon women who were open to discussing their experiences rather than a random sample of pilots.
Practical implications
Research in this paper highlights how change is needed to produce a more inclusive culture to improve the working culture for women pilots and to appreciate the diversity that women bring to organizations.
Originality/value
This paper provides insights into an under researched area of women's employment and the existence of cultural sexism.
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From a recently published letter addressed to a well‐known firm of whisky manufacturers by Mr. JOHN LETHIBY, Assistant Secretary to the Local Government Board, it is plain that…
Abstract
From a recently published letter addressed to a well‐known firm of whisky manufacturers by Mr. JOHN LETHIBY, Assistant Secretary to the Local Government Board, it is plain that the Board decline to entertain the suggestion that the Government should take steps to compel manufacturers of whisky to apply correct descriptions to their products. The adoption of this attitude by the Board might have been anticipated, but the grounds upon which the Board appear to have taken it up are not in reality such as will afford an adequate defence of their position, as the negative evidence given before the Select Committee on Food Products Adulteration and yielded by the reports of Public Analysts is beside the mark. The introduction of a governmental control of the nature suggested is not only undesirable but impracticable. It is undesirable because such a control must be compulsory and is bound to be unfair. It would be relegated to a Government Department, and of necessity, therefore, in the result it would be in the hands of an individual—the head of the Department—and subject entirely to the ideas and the unavoidable prejudices of one person. It is impracticable because no Government or Government Department could afford to take up a position involving the recommendation of particular products and the condemnation of others. No Government could take upon itself the onus of deciding questions of quality as distinguished from questions merely involving nature and substance. A system of control, in order to be effective and valuable alike to the public and the honest manufacturer, must be voluntary in its nature in so far as the manufacturer is concerned, and must be carried out by an independent and authoritative body entirely free from governmental trammels, and possessing full liberty to give or withhold its approbation or guarantee.
Within Britain the Blair Government has committed itself to a modernisation process within the public sector. This process involves rethinking how to organise services internally…
Abstract
Within Britain the Blair Government has committed itself to a modernisation process within the public sector. This process involves rethinking how to organise services internally and how to integrate services across government. Policy makers are talking about “joined‐up” government, innovation and partnerships. In the UK there are now a plethora of partnerships and initiatives. The Health Action Zones (HAZ) were one of the first of such initiatives and as such present fertile ground for analysis of the modernisation process. This paper draws on the experience of those engaged in the HAZ partnerships and also on research conducted by the author on “conditions for partnership”. It appears that the conditions in the UK are not conducive for partnerships when national frameworks are focused on monitoring rather than on development, and when the measurement of partnership success is short term. Although the partnership and modernisation policy encourages innovation, the development of partnerships is hampered by internal blame cultures, poor change management and a development gap in thinking among policy makers.
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Before leaving the subject of the relations of the Public Analyst to the Medical Officer of Health it is desirable to refer to a matter which sometimes gives rise to difficulties…
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Before leaving the subject of the relations of the Public Analyst to the Medical Officer of Health it is desirable to refer to a matter which sometimes gives rise to difficulties and to disagreements between the two officers. Apparently by a legal oversight the duty of looking after the water supply of a district is allotted to the Medical Officer—but there is nothing to show in what way and to what extent he is to be personally occupied in carrying out this task. It also happens that water is specifically excluded from the scope of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, and, in view of these circumstances, some Medical Officers have adopted the idea that their duties are not to be limited to administrative work in this connection, but that it is also incumbent on them to make the necessary analyses; while in other, and perhaps more frequent instances the local autherities, particularly in country districts, deliberately place that burden on the shoulders of the Medical Officer when arranging the conditions of his appointment.
Jo McCloskey and Sarah Maddock
Environmentalism has become one of the key management concerns of the1990s but many organizations are experiencing problems in incorporatingenvironmental principles into their…
Abstract
Environmentalism has become one of the key management concerns of the 1990s but many organizations are experiencing problems in incorporating environmental principles into their accepted management practices. Examines the development of environmental management systems (EMS) and considers how they may be implemented. Discusses the importance of legal and social requirements, the organization′s culture and the adaptation of its value systems to enable effective implementation.
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Alan Bemrose and Kathryn Sather
Details the restoration of Coalport Bridge Tollhouse in Shropshire, a historic building which had fallen into disrepair. Presents the historical and structural surveys carried out…
Abstract
Details the restoration of Coalport Bridge Tollhouse in Shropshire, a historic building which had fallen into disrepair. Presents the historical and structural surveys carried out and lists the sources of information.