Gyanesh Gupta, Sanjay Mathur and Jyotirmay Mathur
Buildings require significant energy, and meeting energy demands is becoming exceedingly challenging. Energy demand reduction goals are now prioritised as the demand is rising…
Abstract
Purpose
Buildings require significant energy, and meeting energy demands is becoming exceedingly challenging. Energy demand reduction goals are now prioritised as the demand is rising. Energy-saving improvements and opportunities can be provided if enough information is provided through building energy benchmarking. The study focuses on developing a framework for benchmarking the energy efficiency of residential buildings.
Design/methodology/approach
This study applied multiple linear regression analysis to analyse the energy use of residential buildings and establish energy benchmarks. Over 2000 data from Jaipur city were surveyed, and regression analysis was done on 1527 datasets after fundamental statistical analysis. The research considered the significant energy used by household appliances and placed a greater emphasis on end-use appliances.
Findings
The comparison of the developed framework with the standard rating plan was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the benchmarks. The validation of the model determines the gap between the predicted and actual value of the building energy. The recommendations were made for organisations and policymakers to employ multiple or combinations of methods to assess the reliability of the developed benchmark framework.
Practical implications
Policymakers may promote awareness campaigns encouraging homeowners to consume less energy and make buildings more energy efficient. This technique may be applied worldwide with the proper and suitable adjustments and information provided.
Originality/value
To our knowledge, India needs residential building energy benchmarking framework studies. In addition, a new framework based on Composite Indicators was implemented to overcome the scepticism of the EPI/BPI or floor-based approach held by several academics and to offer energy benchmarking for residential buildings.
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Kristin Plys, Priyansh and Kanishka Goonewardena
In this introduction to the special issue, ‘Marxist Thought in South Asia’, we detail the long history of Marxist politics and theorizing in South Asia and highlight the unique…
Abstract
In this introduction to the special issue, ‘Marxist Thought in South Asia’, we detail the long history of Marxist politics and theorizing in South Asia and highlight the unique contributions and perspectives of South Asian Marxists to global Marxism. Three contributions we find particularly significant are (1) South Asian Marxists' approach to thinking about questions of capitalism, colonialism and imperialism, (2) the treatment of agrarian and feudal continuities in Marxist theories from South Asia and (3) unique South Asian contributions to theorizing caste from a Marxist perspective.
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Mickey Losinski and Robin Parks Ennis
Repetitive and restrictive behaviors are one of the core components of diagnosing a child with an autism spectrum disorder. These behaviors may take the form of repetitive motor…
Abstract
Repetitive and restrictive behaviors are one of the core components of diagnosing a child with an autism spectrum disorder. These behaviors may take the form of repetitive motor movements or vocalizations, often referred to as stereotypical behaviors. These behaviors can impede the child’s educational and social opportunities, and have thus become a target for intervention. A variety of interventions have been used to reduce stereotypical behaviors with varied success. One of the most oft-used interventions is deep pressure therapy (e.g., weighted vests), a practice that enjoys substantial anecdotal but little empirical support. Conversely, interventions based on functional behavior assessment (FBA) have been shown to reduce these behaviors, but may not be used frequently within schools. Therefore, this chapter will provide a brief overview of stereotypical behaviors and compare these two intervention approaches, with a clear preference for FBA-based interventions due to their stronger empirical support.
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Blair P. Lloyd and Joseph H. Wehby
In the field of behavioral disabilities, systematic direct observation (SDO) has been an integral tool for describing and explaining relationships between student and teacher…
Abstract
In the field of behavioral disabilities, systematic direct observation (SDO) has been an integral tool for describing and explaining relationships between student and teacher behavior in authentic classroom settings. However, this method of measurement can be resource-intensive and presents a series of complex decisions for investigators. The purpose of this chapter is to review a series of critical decisions investigators must make when developing SDO protocols to address their research questions. After describing each decision point and its relevance to the measurement system, we identify trends and special considerations in the field of behavioral disabilities with respect to each decision. We organize content according to deciding what to measure, deciding how to measure it, and critical steps to prevent system breakdowns. Finally, we identify avenues for research to further the impact of SDO in the field of behavioral disabilities.
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Omprakash Ramalingam Rethnam and Albert Thomas
The building sector contributes one-third of the energy-related carbon dioxide globally. Therefore, framing appropriate energy-related policies for the next decades becomes…
Abstract
Purpose
The building sector contributes one-third of the energy-related carbon dioxide globally. Therefore, framing appropriate energy-related policies for the next decades becomes essential in this scenario to realize the global net-zero goals. The purpose of the proposed study is to evaluate the impact of the widespread adoption of such guidelines in a building community in the context of mixed-mode buildings.
Design/methodology/approach
This study decentralizes the theme of improving the energy efficiency of the national building stock in parcels by proposing a community-based hybrid bottom-up modelling approach using urban building energy modelling (UBEM) techniques to analyze the effectiveness of the community-wide implementation of energy conservation guidelines.
Findings
In this study, the UBEM is developed and validated for the 14-building residential community in Mumbai, India, adopting the framework. Employing Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) compliance on the UBEM shows an energy use reduction potential of up to 15%. The results also reveal that ECBC compliance is more advantageous considering the effects of climate change.
Originality/value
In developing countries where the availability of existing building stock information is minimal, the proposed study formulates a holistic framework for developing a detailed UBEM for the residential building stock from scratch. A unique method of assessing the actual cooling load of the developed UBEM is presented. A thorough sensitivity analysis approach to investigate the effect of cooling space fraction on the energy consumption of the building stock is presented, which would assist in choosing the appropriate retrofit strategies. The proposed study's outcomes can significantly transform the formulation and validation of appropriate energy policies.
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P. Nithiarasu, N. Massarotti and J.S. Mathur
To numerically model forced convection heat transfer over arrays of solder balls.
Abstract
Purpose
To numerically model forced convection heat transfer over arrays of solder balls.
Design/methodology/approach
The characteristic based split (CBS) scheme has been used to solve the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations on unstructured meshes.
Findings
The results show an increase in heat transport with increase in Reynolds numbers. A significant change in heat transfer is also noticed with change in angle of attack.
Originality/value
The presented results will be useful in designing cooling systems for electronic components.
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Rhodri Bevan, P. Nithiarasu, Igor Sazonov, Raoul van Loon, Heyman Luckraz, Michael Collins and Andrew Garnham
The purpose of this paper is to numerically study blood flow through a subject‐specific carotid artery with a moderately severe stenosis, also to thoroughly analyse the wall shear…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to numerically study blood flow through a subject‐specific carotid artery with a moderately severe stenosis, also to thoroughly analyse the wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and WSS angular deviation (WSSAD). One of the important aspects of this study is the investigation on the influence of the extensions attached to the domain outlets.
Design/methodology/approach
The segmentation of the carotid artery is carried out using a deformable model based on a level set method. A geometric potential force (GPF) is employed to deform the level set to obtain the carotid artery geometry. The initial surface meshing is generated using an advanced marching cubes (MC) method, before improving the quality of the surface mesh via a number of mesh cosmetic steps. The volume mesh generation has two parts. In the first part, a quasi‐structured, boundary layer mesh is generated in the vicinity of the geometry walls. The second part of the meshing involves unstructured tetrahedral meshing of the inner part of the geometry. After the meshing stage, the flow boundary conditions are generated by numerically solving the Helmholtz equation in both space and time. Finally, the explicit characteristic‐based split (CBS) method is employed in a parallel environment to produce a detailed analysis of wall quantities.
Findings
In general, WSS is very high in the vicinity of the carotid artery apex and in the proximity of the stenosis. From the results obtained, it is clear that the influence of outlet domain extension is marginal. While the peak instantaneous WSS differs by a maximum of 5.7 per cent, the time‐averaged WSS difference due to extended domain is only 1.3 per cent. Two other derived parameters are also examined in the paper, the oscillating shear index and the WSSAD. Both these quantities also display minor or negligible differences due to domain extension.
Originality/value
It has been perceived that domain extension is essential to avoid wrong application of boundary conditions. The results obtained, however, conclusively show that the outlet domain extension has only a moderate influence on WSS. Thus, outlet extension to the domains may not be essential for arterial blood flows. It is also observed that the dramatic values of peak WSS obtained near the stenosis is the result of high resolution mesh along with boundary layers used in this study. Both the outcomes represent the originality of this paper.