J.P. Bruynes, Jason Daniel and Libbie Walker
To explain the final position limit aggregation rules and exemptions pertaining to derivative positions in nine agricultural commodities adopted by the Commodity Futures Trading…
Abstract
Purpose
To explain the final position limit aggregation rules and exemptions pertaining to derivative positions in nine agricultural commodities adopted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission on December 5, 2016 and effective February 14, 2017, the notice filing deadline with respect to which was extended by the CFTC by limited time no-action relief until August 14, 2017.
Design/methodology/approach
Explains the position limit aggregation rules and exemptions pertaining to equity interests in owned entities, ownership or equity interests in pooled accounts or positions, positions of an “eligible entity” in connection with client positions carried by an “independent account controller,” positions held by futures commission merchants (FCMs) in discretionary accounts or customer trading program accounts, equity interests of underwriters based on unsold allotments of securities in distributions, broker-dealers if the equity interest is acquired in the normal course of business and positions for which information cannot be collected without risk of violating a law.
Findings
Unless an exemption from aggregation is available, all positions in accounts for which any person controls the trading or holds a 10 per cent or greater ownership or equity interest must be aggregated with positions held, and trading done, by such person. The final rule adds several new exemptions, including for persons with a 10 per cent or greater ownership or equity interest in an entity so long as certain conditions establishing independence are met. The final rule requires notice filing to take advantage of most exemptions from aggregation.
Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced lawyers specializing in securities, funds, and investment management.
Details
Keywords
To describe how decision-making in the selection processes of managerial successors in business families is influenced by the use of cutting-edge technologies such as AI.
Abstract
Purpose
To describe how decision-making in the selection processes of managerial successors in business families is influenced by the use of cutting-edge technologies such as AI.
Design/methodology/approach
Systematic literature review of 65 articles indexed in Scopus and in the main specialized journals on family businesses.
Findings
The integration of AI and algorithms, specifically in selection procedures, raises major questions and faces legal and ethical issues that affect employee performance, moral commitment and fairness in the processes. These aspects are important to ensure transparency, fairness and accountability as they provide insight into the practices of business families and how succession challenges such as the possibility of using signaling games and addressing gender biases and information asymmetries that have been reported in past research could be complemented by these actions.
Research limitations/implications
The limitations of this research are mainly attributed to the exclusive use of a single database (Scopus), which could limit access to relevant literature; Furthermore, the exclusion of certain articles, despite focusing on prestigious journals on business families, may have overlooked relevant contributions; Furthermore, the 20-year scope of the literature review that ended in February and August 2024 omits subsequent publications that could have enriched the findings of this study.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to conduct a bibliometric analysis covering the line of successor selection and the process leveraged by new practices such as AI, an aspect that has been little addressed in the literature. In addition, this work traces aspects of decision-making that may affect selection. The research is of great value since it allows to illustrate in a consistent way the relationship between the selection of executive successors and how it is affected by the different decision-making processes in families, which allows to identify research gaps and make strategic decisions regarding the management of successions in BFs. Furthermore, this research provides a framework for future research in this area.
Details
Keywords
CELLULOSE is Nature's strong material. It is the chief constituent of cotton flax and wood. Wood can be turned into sugars by treatment with hydrochloric acid Bergius process) and…
Abstract
CELLULOSE is Nature's strong material. It is the chief constituent of cotton flax and wood. Wood can be turned into sugars by treatment with hydrochloric acid Bergius process) and by certain termites; horses and cows break down the cellulose in grass into sugar before digesting it. So it is not surprising that the cellulose polymer is built up of what are practically molecules of a glucose (“Barley Sugar”). Each β glucose unit is twisted about its axis through 180 deg.; the combination of two such units makes up that is called a cellulose unit which has the structure shown in Fig. 2. The cellulose polymer is a long, straight chain made up from these cellobiose units, and each chain probably contains about 70 such units.
THE marked dependence of the strength of metals on temperature, and on rate of loading at high temperatures, can be explained by assuming that above the equi‐cohesive temperature…
Abstract
THE marked dependence of the strength of metals on temperature, and on rate of loading at high temperatures, can be explained by assuming that above the equi‐cohesive temperature rupture takes place by plastic flow in a non‐homogeneous medium, consisting of rigid crystallites weakly cemented together. Although the stress concentrations required by the Griffith theory must still be operative above the equi‐cohesive temperature, it is suggested that they produce intergranular flow, rather than the elastic separation that occurs at temperatures below the equi‐cohesive temperature. A theory is developed based on the assumption that the strain energy at rupture reduces the energy of activation of the flow process, and the theory is shown to be in numerical agreement with the experimental results, if the energy of activation of the flow process is about one seventh of the latent heat of evaporation per gram atom. Values of the cohesive strengths and of the stress concentration factors are also derived.
SYNTHETIC resins reinforced with fahric have proved in actual service to be not only resistant to disintegration from shocks and vibration but also to have remarkable freedom from…
Abstract
SYNTHETIC resins reinforced with fahric have proved in actual service to be not only resistant to disintegration from shocks and vibration but also to have remarkable freedom from “notch sensitivity.” In order to investigate this property measurements were made of the energy absorbed by such materials under torsional oscillation; it was found that the energy absorbed was greater than that of any other comparable materials (such as wood or metal).
WOOD though in many ways an attractive structural material has the disadvantage of being water absorbent. In itself this characteristic would be of minor significance were it not…
Abstract
WOOD though in many ways an attractive structural material has the disadvantage of being water absorbent. In itself this characteristic would be of minor significance were it not for the fact that it is accompanied by considerable swelling at right angles to the axes of the wood fibres. Great interest is being shown at the present time in the possibility of reducing this swelling by the use of synthetic resins. In this article the possibility of preventing swelling by such means is discussed and it is concluded that complete immunity from swelling could only be attained at the expense of the strength of the wood. The article gives an original analysis which enables the magnitude of swelling to be predicted and the expression derived is shown to be in agreement with experiment.
In this article the author discusses the suitability of existing materials for aircraft structures and shows that a hypothetical material derived by expanding an aluminium alloy…
Abstract
In this article the author discusses the suitability of existing materials for aircraft structures and shows that a hypothetical material derived by expanding an aluminium alloy would greatly simplify the structure of fuselages
Marie-Julie De Bruyne and Katrien Verleye
Today's sharing economy covers a variety of business models. This research aims to (1) identify dimensions along which sharing businesses may vary and (2) investigate how these…
Abstract
Purpose
Today's sharing economy covers a variety of business models. This research aims to (1) identify dimensions along which sharing businesses may vary and (2) investigate how these dimensions influence consumer engagement while considering consumers' sustainability orientation.
Design/methodology/approach
This research relies upon a systematic literature review (n = 67 articles) to identify five sharing business dimensions: (1) ownership transfer, (2) professional involvement, (3) compensation, (4) digitalization and (5) community scope. A discrete choice conjoint experiment in the fashion industry is employed to investigate how these dimensions affect consumer engagement with sharing businesses (n = 383 participants).
Findings
The results suggest that ownership of tangible resources elicits more engagement than access to tangible resources for both consumers with a low sustainability orientation and consumers with a high sustainability orientation. Community scope also affects consumer engagement as reflected in more engagement towards sharing businesses with a local rather than a global scope. The presence of professional service providers, monetary compensation and a digital platform only induces engagement among consumers with a low sustainability orientation.
Originality/value
This research generates a better understanding of how sharing businesses can draw on business dimensions to engage consumers with different levels of sustainability orientation and, in turn, how sharing businesses can realize their economic and/or circular potential.
Details
Keywords
Technological change drives transformation in most sectors of the economy. Industry 4.0 technologies have been applied at different stages of a building’s lifecycle. However…
Abstract
Purpose
Technological change drives transformation in most sectors of the economy. Industry 4.0 technologies have been applied at different stages of a building’s lifecycle. However, limited studies exist on their application in real estate facilities management (REFM). This study aims to assess the existing knowledge on the topic to suggest further research directions.
Design/methodology/approach
Scopus-indexed literature from 2013 to 2023 was examined and visualised using VOSviewer software to output quantitative (descriptive) results. Content analysis was used to complement the quantitative findings.
Findings
Findings indicated a concentration of research in China, Norway and Italy. The knowledge areas included three clusters: lifecycle integration and management, data curation and management and organisational and management capabilities. The benefits, challenges and support strategies were highlighted.
Research limitations/implications
More collaboration is needed across countries and territories on technology integration in REFM. Future research using alternative methodologies is recommended, with a focus on adopting and non-adopting REFM organisations. Further, implications for facility managers, employees, technology suppliers or vendors, training, organisations and management exist.
Practical implications
Further, implications for facility managers, employees, technology suppliers or vendors, training, organisations and management exist.
Originality/value
The study reveals the knowledge base on technology use in REFM. It adds to the evidence base on innovation and technology adoption in REFM.