After looking at the physiocratic idea of production, examines thesocial process of “environmental economic engineering”,focused on sustainability of production. Gives attention…
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After looking at the physiocratic idea of production, examines the social process of “environmental economic engineering”, focused on sustainability of production. Gives attention to the role of technology in this process. Expresses sustainability criteria in the magnitudes time preference, depletion of natural stocks, population growth, and technical progress. It appears that technical progress must offset the other magnitudes mentioned.
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The character of environmental welfare economics is addressed andthe idea of “nature‐sparing” technology is examined; if theconservation of nature is to work then this kind of…
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The character of environmental welfare economics is addressed and the idea of “nature‐sparing” technology is examined; if the conservation of nature is to work then this kind of technology should replace nature‐affecting technologies. A theory to effect this is formulated and an environmental policy is proposed.
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Roscher believed that human existence is rooted in organic nature.In his view, a national society can be regarded as an organism in whichhouseholds function as mutually dependent…
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Roscher believed that human existence is rooted in organic nature. In his view, a national society can be regarded as an organism in which households function as mutually dependent organs. Examines the nature of Roscher′s organicism, which to a certain extent is characteristic of the historical school through its link with historicism. Outlines the roots and development of Roscher′s organicism. Considers the related ideas of other economic theorists.
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This essay focuses on Carl Menger's valuation of nature. Menger's stand in the discussion on method with Schmoller might easily give rise to the idea that he was a thinker who was…
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This essay focuses on Carl Menger's valuation of nature. Menger's stand in the discussion on method with Schmoller might easily give rise to the idea that he was a thinker who was fully oriented towards an atomistic interpretation of society and to an axiomatic way of thought, and that his economic approach to nature was characterised only by this way of thinking. Examination of Menger's work, however, proves that the author's economic philosophy also shows clear features of a holistic way of thinking, oriented on German Romanticism.
Transnational corporation (TNC)-led oil investments have been widely encouraged as a mechanism for the development of the Global South. Even though the sector is characterized by…
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Transnational corporation (TNC)-led oil investments have been widely encouraged as a mechanism for the development of the Global South. Even though the sector is characterized by major accidents, oil-based developmentalist narratives claim that such accidents are merely isolated incidents that can be administratively addressed, redressed behaviorally through education of certain individuals, or corrected through individually targeted post-event legislation. Adapting Harvey Molotch’s (1970) political economy methodology of “accident research”, this paper argues that such “accidents” are, in fact, routine in the entire value chain of the oil system dominated by, among others, military-backed TNCs which increasingly collaborate with national and local oil companies similarly wedded to the ideology of growth. Based on this analysis, existing policy focus on improving technology, instituting and enforcing more environmental regulations, and the pursuit of economic nationalism in the form of withdrawing from globalization are ineffective. In such a red-hot system, built on rapidly spinning wheels of accumulation, the pursuit of slow growth characterized by breaking the chains of monopoly and oligopoly, putting commonly generated rent to common uses, and freeing labor from regulations that rob it of its produce has more potency to address the enigma of petroleum accidents in the global south.
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This essay comprises a reflection on the roots of organistic systems thinking in economics, notably on the contributions made by Wilhelm Roscher and Gustav von Schmoller…
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This essay comprises a reflection on the roots of organistic systems thinking in economics, notably on the contributions made by Wilhelm Roscher and Gustav von Schmoller, outstanding representatives of the Historical school in nineteenth‐century Germany.
In recent years, academics, policymakers and activists in a number of countries have become increasingly concerned with the needs and experiences of imprisoned mothers and their…
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In recent years, academics, policymakers and activists in a number of countries have become increasingly concerned with the needs and experiences of imprisoned mothers and their children. With a few exceptions, this research has tended to focus on single jurisdictions or on limited jurisdictional comparisons. Several common themes emerge when considering international perspectives on mothering and imprisonment, but political, social, cultural, economic and penological factors mean that these issues can play out differently in different settings. Thus, in the United Kingdom and the United States, much of the debate is around keeping mothers and babies together, whereas in many other countries the focus is on the desirability of developing realistic and practical alternatives to children growing up in the prison with their mother. International organisations such as the UNCRC have considered the particular needs of children imprisoned with their mothers and also the challenges of ‘mothering from the inside’. That said, this research has tended to focus on narrow biological and gestational definitions of motherhood which may not reflect contemporary realities. With this in mind, this chapter will outline and explore international perspectives on mothering and imprisonment, identifying key issues of commonality and difference and situating these perspectives within emerging research on imprisonment, diversity and mothering.
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Jürgen G. Backhaus and Jacob J. Krabbe
In this essay we set out to show that Henry George's basic approach to economic thinking is very timely in the light of some pressing problems currently experienced by Western…
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In this essay we set out to show that Henry George's basic approach to economic thinking is very timely in the light of some pressing problems currently experienced by Western industrialised nations. The paper essentially makes two contributions. The first three sections are designed to show what Henry George's contribution consisted of and how it stands up in the light of contemporary economic thinking. Ultimately, our claim of Henry George's timeliness can only be tested by attempting to show what it can accomplish in trying to deal with a contemporary problem. We take the current clean‐up efforts in the context of the American Superfund programme as our point of departure and suggest how a Georgian approach to industrial siting might result in a more economical use of natural resources, rendering efforts such as the Superfund superfluous in the future. Obviously, before implementing a Georgian system, a phase of transition would be necessary, depending on the different institutional circumstances, and designed to clean up past and present pollution.
“Environmental Policy in a Market Economy” was the theme of a congress recently organised in Wageningen, the Netherlands. At this meeting a number of participants elaborated on…
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“Environmental Policy in a Market Economy” was the theme of a congress recently organised in Wageningen, the Netherlands. At this meeting a number of participants elaborated on various fundamental aspects of the problem. The papers given have been brought together in this volume under the title “Principles of Environmental Policy”. In the field of environmental policy there are many pitfalls, some of which are found in the way the subject is approached. An illustration of the basic complexity of this can be seen in the following contradiction in the explanation of the phenomenon of social economic development.
In 1911 Sombart published Die Juden und das Wirtschaftsleben (Jews and Economic Life). As is well known Sombart conceived his essay – a response to Max Weber’s Die protestantische…
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In 1911 Sombart published Die Juden und das Wirtschaftsleben (Jews and Economic Life). As is well known Sombart conceived his essay – a response to Max Weber’s Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus (Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism) – as an attempt ‘to study more carefully’ the influence of religion on economic life, to focus on the relationship between religion and the spread of the ‘spirit of capitalism’ and to explain the historical evolution of modern capitalism (from early to late capitalism).
This analytical work has partially been overshadowed by Sombart’s endorsement of Nazism (1934), especially with reference to the suspicion that he was anti-Semitic. In this chapter we deal (Parts 2 and 3) with the ‘ambiguous relationship’ between Sombart and Nazism, and Sombart’s reflections on the scientific irrelevance of racist theories. Then (Parts 4 and 5), we focus on the limits of Sombart’s methodological approach to the analysis of modern capitalism. The erroneous conclusions of his inquiry emerge if we compare them with those of scholars like Simmel, Schumpeter and Max Weber.