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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1968

J.C. Thomason

There is revolution everywhere on the maritime scene and the password is rationalization. Rationalization of work; rationalization of equipment; rationalization of dock…

1323

Abstract

There is revolution everywhere on the maritime scene and the password is rationalization. Rationalization of work; rationalization of equipment; rationalization of dock facilities; rationalization of cargo; rationalization of ship operation. A new philosophy permeates, the whole industry, throwing up new concepts and challenging old ones. Ships are becoming more and more specialized in design and function in order to meet the need for rationalization both in its technical and commercial aspects. Giant tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships spearhead the revolution but many extremely forward looking new concepts of cargo handling and transportation systems are already in the pipeline. On the ship itself a technological revolution is progressing towards inevitable comprehensive automation as a remedy for economic ills. Diagnosis shows that the chronic shortage of certificated seagoing engineers, superimposed on the urgent necessity for increased economy and higher efficiency over the whole complex of shipboard operation, leaves little alternative to the automation prescription. It is true, of course, that automatic control of isolated individual elements of machinery has been featured at sea for a long long time. The escalation, however, in recent years from individual isolated application to overall centralized automatic control of the machinery from a control station sited inside the engine room (or outside), is indicative of the palliative and remedial action of the medicine as prescribed. It is only fair to state, however, that initiatory experience of ‘automation’ some years ago, especially in the oversell of electronic equipment by firms with no marine experience has made many shipowners justifiably sceptical about the prognosis.

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Education + Training, vol. 10 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1966

J.C. Thomason

Contemporary design philosophy is concerned with the aim of achieving and maintaining optimum efficiency of a ship as a whole unit through the use of automatically and remotely…

92

Abstract

Contemporary design philosophy is concerned with the aim of achieving and maintaining optimum efficiency of a ship as a whole unit through the use of automatically and remotely controlled equipment working on an integrated basis ie automation. This philosophy with its concept of centralization of instrumentation and control underlies issues of great import to British shipping. Its implications are profound and far reaching; posing problems as well as promising great benefits to an industry delicately balanced economically, and consequently extremely sensitive to any factor likely to increase ship utilization. Accepting as a basic premise that automation implies management, then as the degree of automation increases the managerial content of the engineer officer's duties will also increase. Furthermore it is an accepted fact of experience that the full potential of automation can be achieved only to the extent that ships' officers are capable of quickly analysing, assessing, and placing the correct interpretations to correct a developing situation. This demands that engineer officers possess, not only a high technical competency to understand the complex machinery and the sophisticated equipment controlling it, but also that they must have the professional competency to administer an efficient overall control.

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Education + Training, vol. 8 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2002

Paul Cambridge, John Carpenter, Jennifer Beecham, Angela Hallam, Martin Knapp, Rachel Forrester‐Jones and Alison Tate

This paper reports on the key findings of a study into the outcomes and costs of community care for a large cohort of people with learning disabilities, supported in 12 study…

201

Abstract

This paper reports on the key findings of a study into the outcomes and costs of community care for a large cohort of people with learning disabilities, supported in 12 study sites across England, who left various long‐stay hospital 12 years ago as part of a centrally monitored and evaluated government policy initiative on deinstitutionalisation. It represents the last follow‐up of a raft of linked longitudinal evaluations, conducted at four time points over a twelve‐year period. The paper identifies the findings from the last follow‐up and interprets and presents them as summary observations and trends in relation to the findings in learning disability, briefly reviewing them in relation to wider evidence on deinstitutionalisation and community care in England.

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 2 October 2024

Miguel Ângelo Vieira, Sérgio M.O. Tavares and Silvina L. Félix

The effects of climate change have been contributing to coral reef degradation. Artificial reefs are one method being used to counteract this destruction. However, the most common…

57

Abstract

Purpose

The effects of climate change have been contributing to coral reef degradation. Artificial reefs are one method being used to counteract this destruction. However, the most common artificial approaches, such as sunken vehicles and prefabricated cement reefs, do not allow adequate coral development. This paper aims to demonstrate how designers, using additive manufacturing and computational design techniques, can create artificial reefs that better mimic natural reef structures.

Design/methodology/approach

This research focuses on developing three-dimensional matrices through computational design using additive manufacturing to achieve better coral settlement. A “Nature Centered Design” approach was followed, with the corals at the center of the design project. Samples with different geometries and roughness, produced using paste-based extrusion with porcelain and porcelain with oyster shell, were tested in a controlled environment to investigate the settlement preference of soft corals.

Findings

The rapid prototyping of samples confirmed the preference of corals to settle to complex surfaces compared to smooth surfaces. Porcelain showed comparable results to Portland cement, suggesting further testing potential. A closer resemblance to the natural and intricate forms found in coral reefs was achieved through computational design.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a new approach combining rapid prototyping with coral’s biological responses to enhance the understanding of their surface settlement preference. The Nature Centered Design approach, with additive manufacturing and computational design, made it possible to create an innovative working model that could be customized depending on the implementation area or intended coral species, validating the design approach as a method to support environmental conservation.

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Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2001

Paul Cambridge

27

Abstract

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 20 April 2009

Jonathan Perry and Stephen Beyer

The UK government is committed to preventative technologies and increasingly they are being incorporated into residential services for people with learning disabilities. This…

277

Abstract

The UK government is committed to preventative technologies and increasingly they are being incorporated into residential services for people with learning disabilities. This paper describes an evaluation of a sample of settings in which various assistive technology (AT) devices have been installed following the assessment of individual residents' needs. The impact of this on residents' objective quality of life was assessed using a range of quantitative measures and through some qualitative questions. Despite some positive consequences of the AT being reported by staff in response to the qualitative items, there was no significant impact on any of the quantitative measures. In isolation, AT does not appear to be sufficient to significantly improve objective quality of life outcomes for people with learning disabilities in residential services. Equally, AT does not appear to reduce objective quality of life outcomes. The challenge to service providers is to ensure that the introduction of AT and any associated change to staffing levels or support procedures translates into improvements in residents' overall quality of life. To detect such improvements future research might have to broaden the range of quantitative methods used and supplement them with qualitative techniques.

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Journal of Assistive Technologies, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-9450

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1998

Rob Greig and Edward Peck

60

Abstract

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1997

Paul Cambridge

26

Abstract

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2000

Paul Cambridge

25

Abstract

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2003

Margaret Whoriskey

Since the late 1950s the focus of UK policy for people with learning disabilities has been on deinstitutionalisation and care in the community. In the last decade policy focus has…

129

Abstract

Since the late 1950s the focus of UK policy for people with learning disabilities has been on deinstitutionalisation and care in the community. In the last decade policy focus has shifted towards individualised support and community membership. Deinstitutionalisation in Scotland started later than in England, and still has some way to go. This article considers four aspects of the current hospital closure programme in Scotland: involving people with a learning disability and families, managing hospital closure, service reprovisioning, and strategic planning.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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