M.R. Denning, Edmund Davies and Fenton Atkinson
November 13, 1969 National Insurance — Industrial injuries benefit — Disablement benefit — Functions of statutory and medical authorities — Industrial accident followed by two…
Abstract
November 13, 1969 National Insurance — Industrial injuries benefit — Disablement benefit — Functions of statutory and medical authorities — Industrial accident followed by two physical impairments — Medical authorities awarding disablement benefit based on only one loss of faculty and rejecting heart condition found by statutory authorities to be causally connected with accident — Statutory provision that “decision of any claim” “shall be final” — Whether medical authorities bound by decision of statutory authorities on nature of injury in determining injury benefit claim — When onus of proof on applicant — National Insurance Act, 1965 (c. 51), s. 75 — National Insurance Act, 1966 (c. 6), s. 8 (l)(a) — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1965 (c. 52), ss. 11 (1), 12(1), Sch. 4.
Dr. Hudson Retires DR. J. C. HUDSON, who has been in charge of B.I.S.R.A.'s research on corrosion for the last 15 years—ever since its formation—retired last month. He will…
Abstract
Dr. Hudson Retires DR. J. C. HUDSON, who has been in charge of B.I.S.R.A.'s research on corrosion for the last 15 years—ever since its formation—retired last month. He will, however, act as consultant to both the corrosion advice bureau and the chemistry department.
Despite substantial reductions resulting from long‐sustained research by the industry, the corrosion of iron and steel still costs the United Kingdom many millions of pounds a…
Abstract
Despite substantial reductions resulting from long‐sustained research by the industry, the corrosion of iron and steel still costs the United Kingdom many millions of pounds a year. The following article, by Dr. J. C. Hudson, outlines the recommendations of a new British Standard Code of Practice on the subject, CP 2008. Our acknowledgments are due to the British Standards Institution for permission to republish this article from the November 1966 issue of their BSI News.
This chapter evaluates the cross-national variations in the proportion of employment that is in informal sector enterprises and evaluates competing theories which view these…
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter evaluates the cross-national variations in the proportion of employment that is in informal sector enterprises and evaluates competing theories which view these cross-national variations to result from either economic underdevelopment (modernisation explanation), high taxes, public sector corruption and over-regulation of work and welfare (neo-liberal explanation) or conversely, a lack of intervention in the realm of social protection (political economy explanation).
Methodology/approach
To evaluate these competing explanations, the International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) country surveys that investigate the scale of employment in informal sector enterprise in 43 developing and transition economies, along with the World Bank database of development indicators, are analysed here.
Findings
The finding is that lower levels of employment in informal sector enterprises are closely associated with economic development, lower levels of public sector corruption and state intervention in the form of higher tax rates and social transfers to protect workers from poverty.
Research implications
This chapter reveals the need to move beyond treating these contrasting representations as competing explanations and to recognise how all are required to more fully explain the prevalence of informal sector entrepreneurship.
Practical/social implications
Tackling employment in informal sector enterprise is shown to require broader economic and social policies associated with the modernisation of economies, tax rates, social protection and poverty alleviation.
Originality/value
One of the first evaluations of the competing explanations for why some countries have higher levels of employment in informal sector enterprises.
Details
Keywords
The enormous improvement in child health in this country—in infant mortality and morbidity, in physical growth and well‐being, are self‐evident. Not only do we see the physical…
Abstract
The enormous improvement in child health in this country—in infant mortality and morbidity, in physical growth and well‐being, are self‐evident. Not only do we see the physical improvement in our children, but it strikes visitors from overseas more forcibly, and there can be few other countries in the world which can boast such swarms of healthy, vigorous children. If this was preventive medicine's only success, it would be worth many times over the money spent on this branch of the National Health Service, which is little enough in all conscience: about £20 millions a year compared with over £400 millions for curative medicine. Can any of the undoubted great and dramatic advances of the latter match the far‐reaching effects of this one achievement of preventive medicine?
For many years the effect of sulphuric anhydride in the atmosphere has been recognised, such as in the report by Thomson. As an example of this, consider some of the work reported…
Abstract
For many years the effect of sulphuric anhydride in the atmosphere has been recognised, such as in the report by Thomson. As an example of this, consider some of the work reported by Hudson and Stanners, who exposed iron and steel to copper in a variety of environments. When they studied the results, they found a close relationship between the degree of corrosion and the amount of SO2 present, whereas the effect of chlorides was restricted to a narrow test area close to the sea.